Teacher Jiang Xiaojuan's masterpiece "Technical Trade: World Trends and China Opportunities" published

Recently, the monograph "Technical Trade: World Trends and China Opportunities" by the members of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and a teacher of the Chinese Administrative Society of the Chinese Administrative and Management Society, and a number of experts inside and outside Tsinghua University were published by Tsinghua University Press. The main members of the research group include the School of Public Management of Tsinghua University, Mr. Gui Tianzheng, Teacher Meng Lijun, and Huang Yingxuan, Li Qiudu, Wei Bi and other post -doctoral students. Several experts and scholars from many domestic research institutions participated in research and manuscripts as backbone members.

This monograph studies global technological trade trends and China's facing opportunities. The main contents include three parts: first, analyze the development trend, characteristics and driving factors of scientific and technological globalization in the last 40 years, as well as an important impact on the development of Chinese industries and scientific and technological development; , Case analysis in the fields of intellectual property trade and platform -based technology transactions, and study the important role of technological trade in industrial development and technological progress; third, analyze the development status, prospects and promotion of independent innovation capabilities in China Several suggestions on how to coordinate security and efficiency and develop their own technical system under the current international and domestic environment.

Below is part of the content of the preface written by Mr. Jiang Xiaojuan for readers' reference.

Preface

In the past 40 years, an important new trend of globalization is the globalization of technology. Technology and technological innovation capabilities have formed large -scale cross -border transfers. The relevant elements of scientific and technological development are optimized globally. More and more scientific and technological capabilities cross national borders to become global systems. In short, this is the global cooperation of scientific and technological innovation. In the trend of science and technology, whether it can effectively use global scientific and technological resources has become an important factor affecting a national industrial competitiveness.

In the past 40 years, my country has entered the global innovation chain with the global industrial chain as its main carrier. It has obtained the corresponding technology supply from it, but also enhanced its ability to independent innovation and contributed to the global innovation chain. Our passive chain, active chain and active cloth chain coexist have become an important part of many important innovation networks in the world. According to statistics from the World Intellectual Property Organization, in the last 10 years of the 20th century, in the global innovation network, China contributed about 1%of patents, and in 2015 to 2017, China contributed about 15%of patents.

In recent years, the unreasonable accusations and unreasonable suppression of China's high -tech industries and enterprises have increased. In the face of this environment, how to judge the future trend of science and technology globalization? Should we still be able to participate in global innovation cooperation? Is the space that uses global scientific and technological resources to accelerate the improvement of its own innovation capabilities? These are issues of thinking and attention in all aspects of China, and the main problem of the study of this book.

In the future, the globalization of science and technology will be rapidly advanced, the global innovation chain will be more perfect, and more scientific and technological resources will be integrated globally. The development of information technology has promoted new technological cooperation and knowledge sharing methods. It can connect the distant skill talents from each other and sharing the research and development process in real time in a digital method. In the intricate international environment, we should not make extreme choices. We must participate in the global innovation chain with the greatest efforts to obtain global technical resources; "Extend, form the ability to" support "," gambling "and" spare tires ", to enhance the ability to deal with broken chain and maintain technical supply sustainable.

This book mainly includes the following.

Chapter 1 "Globalization of Science and Technology Change the World: Trends and Features", on the basis of the conceptual definition of globalization of science and technology, focusing on the importance of external technology sources in corporate technology capabilities, globalization and technological flow in the manufacturing field, and the technology flow of the manufacturing field, The four aspects of promoting the development of scientific and technological globalization and the characteristics of globalization of different industries. The development trend and characteristics of scientific and technological globalization have been analyzed at the macro level. It also analyzes the future development trend of science and technology, the impact of China's technological capabilities on the globalization of science and technology, and the new opportunities brought about by the application of new generation of information technology.

Chapter 2 "Technical introduction and my country's industrial development, technological upgrades and competitiveness improvement", which mainly analyzes the opportunities of my country's globalization and rapid advancement in the 40 years of reform and opening up, through the introduction of a large number of advanced technical equipment, advanced technology advanced technology, advanced technology Foreign -funded enterprises, promoting two -way training and flow of talents, and other measures, thereby promoting the entire process of domestic industrial structure, technological level, innovation capabilities, and international competitiveness. Analysis shows that domestic enterprises have participated in international competition from low -end processing and manufacturing as the starting point, and are gradually moving towards higher value -added, high -tech content processing and manufacturing and technological openness. my country's status in the global industrialization and technological division of labor has continued to improve and the ability to innovate independently.

Chapter 3 "International Technology Trade and Opportunities and Challenges facing developing countries" is mainly focused on the current status and prospects of the current development of international technology trade, as well as my country's position in international technology and trade. This chapter combed the main forms of the current international technology trade and the new development trend in recent years, and explained the opportunities and challenges facing developing countries through data and typical cases. On the basis of comparative analysis of data and data in the main technological trade fields in some countries, we examine my country's advantages and deficiencies in these fields.

Chapter 4 "Global Configuration and Technology Trade Realization of Scientific and Technological Innovation Elements", analyzes the inherent inevitability of global flow and configuration of scientific and technological innovation elements, and the profound impact on the realization of technological trade. This chapter explains the various performances of the global flow and configuration of these elements with informative data.本章提出：科技创新要素全球配置，首先是由这些要素本身的开放流动属性所决定的，同时也是经济全球化、科技全球化的必然结果；在知识经济时代，信息技术加快应用，技术经济范式、 In the context of the international trade paradigm and regional protectionist restrictions, the global flow and configuration of scientific and technological innovation elements show new characteristics and trends, leading the changes in technological trade connotation and extension. Essence Chapter 5 "Open -source technical innovation based on technological open source: trend analysis and several cases", through trend and case analysis, proposed that technical open source is used as an important form of open innovation, a new industrial organization form, and a transition of transnational technology transfer The new effective way can be used as an effective way to promote my country's overall technological progress. Starting from the current technological trade situation, this chapter combines the historical evolution of technological open source, and proposes that technological open source is a new effective way to transfer multinational technology. Subsequently, combined with case research, the advantages and risks of the open source of technology were analyzed, and relevant policy suggestions were proposed. Finally, starting from the theory of economics, it is proposed that technical open source can be used as a new form of industrial organizations. It has rich economic connotation and is worth further promoting the research work.

Chapter 6 "Research on the Development and Innovation Capability of Information, Communication Technology Services in China", takes my country's information communication technology (ICT) service trade development as an example to study the promotion of technological trade in technological innovation. This chapter system analyzes the four stages and main characteristics of my country's ICT service trade development. From the different dimensions such as invention patents, export competitiveness, and RCA indexes in the ICT field, it demonstrates the technology introduction of the ability and competitiveness of my country's ICT industry's independent innovation and competitiveness. Important role. Based on the questionnaire survey and analysis of the research group's questionnaires of 160 ICT service trade companies in my country, it confirms the promotion of technological trade in the ICT industry's independent innovation capabilities. The main conclusion is that undertaking offshore service outsourcing is an important way to improve innovation capabilities, and technology imports have also promoted innovation capabilities.

Chapter 7 "Platform -type competitive new model of technology transactions" analyzes the case of rapid rise of the cooperative R & D organization (CRO) model in the pharmaceutical industry, and confirms that open innovation is a must -maintain for competitive advantages. This chapter believes that the globalization of innovative resources requires open innovation, emphasizing the acquisition and re -distribution of innovative resources, rather than the possession and control of innovative resources.

Chapter 8 "The Chip Industry of the Extreme Example of Global Division of Work", from the perspective of global division of labor, take the development of the chip industry as an example, analyzes the specific growth process of the chip industry's global layout, merger and reorganization, and technical transfer. Factors such as technological diffusion and other factors for the development of the chip industry point out that open innovation in the future chip industry will be an important weight to maintain its competitive advantage.

Chapter 9 "Research on Intellectual Property in Technical Trade", through the analysis of the concepts of technical trade and intellectual property rights, clarify the relationship between intellectual property and technical trade, and the knowledge in international and major countries in technology trade Related property rights and regulations are sorted out. Through a large amount of data, this study illustrates the current status of the international and my country's intellectual property creation, protection and application in the field of technology trade. The use of cases and data to explain the role of intellectual property in my country's technological innovation and technological trade The intellectual property opportunities and challenges faced in trade analyzed the problems existing in the field of intellectual property rights in China, and put forward suggestions and suggestions on how to play the role of intellectual property in technical trade and promote the healthy development of my country's technological trade.

Chapter 10 "Technical Improvement and the Innovation and Development of the Home Appliance Industry" is mainly from the perspective of technology introduction and innovation. Based on the development of my country's home appliance industry as a case, through the analysis of the relevant patent data of the washing machine and the refrigerator industry, the home appliance industry will be reform and opened up from reform and opening up. The development process has been divided into four stages and analyzed the main characteristics of each stage. From the aspects of different stages of home appliance import and export share, patent declaration data, and technical investment proportion, it has demonstrated the key role of technology introduction in the process of my country's home appliance industry from zero -foundation to the world's leading industry. The main conclusion is that in the development of the home appliance industry, technological introduction and independent innovation are inseparable. It is necessary to strengthen innovation while paying attention to the introduction of technology, and realize the transformation of science and technology countries to science and technology.

Chapter 11 "Technical Trade is the main way to advance technological progress", drawing on the classic measurement model of international technology overflow, compared with different sources (international direct investment, foreign investment, international trade, independent research and development) from 1991 to 2018 The role of the entire factor's productivity improvement is that the role of international trade (including technology trade) and independent research and development is the most. Among them, the technology overflow brought by international trade is easier to quickly promote technological progress and production efficiency.

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