[Party History Daily Studies] There were no casualties in the fire of artillery.

In June 1945, after the establishment of the "Yan'an Second Nursing Institute", plus the previous "Yan'an First Nursing Institute" and "Central Toruko", Yan'an already had three nursery institutions, and the childcare children also covered it. Babies to 7 or 8 -year -old children.

Under the meticulous care of the children in Yan'an Note, whether it is cadres at all levels or the people of the border area, they are willing to send their children to the nursery. At that time, Yan'an, on the hillside, under the big tree, and in front of the cave, the children were playing happily everywhere. Yan'an is not only a revolutionary sacred place looking up in the hearts of adults, but also the warm harbor of children during the war.

At this time, the innocent children did not know that when they grew up happily, the haze of the war was quietly approaching Yan'an.

In June 1946, the Kuomintang authorities tear up the "Double Ten Agreement" and the CPPCC Agreement, attacking the Central Plains Liberation Zone, and then launched a large -scale attack on other liberated areas. The comprehensive civil war broke out.

At the beginning of the war, despite the disparity between the enemy and us, the Communist Party of China still strongly led the military and civilians of the Liberation Zone to fight the enemy and fight against the enemy.

The Kuomintang army failed successively, causing Chiang Kai -shek to be anxious. He began to plan for the key attack on the two liberated areas of northern Shaanxi and Shandong.

One day in August 1946, Mrs. Zhu Deki hurriedly came to the yard of the nursery. Wooden bed.

At that time, Zhang Chichang, who was less than 30 years old, was the first dean of Yan'an Second Nursing Institute. He went to a military academy, took soldiers, and fought. Before serving as the president of the Second Nursing Institute, he was a military cadre of the Central Military Commission. At first, Zhang Chichang, who learned the news, had a great resistance. However, Kang Keqing patiently did work for him and said to him sincerely: Children are the future of the motherland, and they also transfer to women and children from military cadres.

Zhu Heping's grandson of Zhu De

In order to allow the comrades of the front line to be able to beat the devils with peace of mind, we will raise their children.

Kang Keqing's ahead was quickly confirmed.

In the winter of 1946, the Kuomintang army Hu Zong southern plans to attack Yan'an. Facing the aggressive Kuomintang army, in order to ensure the safety of the children, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to evacuate as soon as possible!

The situation of the war changes rapidly. No one knows how long it takes for marching, and no one knows where the destination is. It was not until this time that Zhang Chichang, who was born in military cadres, finally realized that Kang Keqing had a good intention at the beginning.

Zhang Chichang, who is excessive military quality, immediately organized all the caregivers and taught his experience on the battlefield to everyone. Among them, the most important problem was how to deal with the enemy aircraft during march.

Zhang Kanyu Yan'an Nursing Institute witnesses

The aunt pretended to be a plane, and she was so hummed. The aunt said that everyone came down when everyone came, and she was not allowed to look up. Then the aunt whih, seeing you turned around, and when he datched, it means "dead".

In that special era, the caregivers taught the children's most basic survival skills to play games. This scene was both warm and cruel. At this time, the preparation of materials transfer is also carried out in full swing. Horses, clothing, food, and medicines, preparing all this is only five days.

Before leaving, Kang Keqing came to the nursery again. In the yard, which was originally laughing, it was full of carriages and materials. Looking at the innocent and curious children, Kang Keqing mobilized to all the staff of the nursery.

Liu Songbai Yan'an Institute of Nursing Institute

Before retreat, Kang Keqing's mother went to the nursery to mobilize. She said that we were leaving Yan'an three days later. On the way to march, adults are there. The child is there, the adult is not there, and the child must be there. Can everyone do it? The uncle and aunts of the nursery shouted: Yes.

"Adults, children are there, adults are not there, and children must be there." This exciting slogan is not only the goal of marching, but also the voice of all the caregivers.

In the winter of 1946, the children of the Yan'an Nursing Institute took ignorance and reluctance, and sat in the special cradle on the horse back. Under the guard of the conservative "mother" and the 359th brigade soldiers, they began a bumpy transfer journey. Essence

This small bed on the horse is the cradle of children on the way. Due to the impermanence of the war, the marching speed of the "back cradle" can only be adjusted at any time according to the changes in the enemy's situation. When the enemy sentiment is urgent, the marching speed is significantly accelerated. When the enemy is relieved, they go and go, find the end point, and let the children rest for the children to rest. Essence

During the march, the "horse back cradle" had encountered air strikes of the Kuomintang aircraft several times. However, under the high alert of Zhang Chichang and other conservation staff, children would lie down on the spot according to the previous "game". At this time, the caregivers rushed to the children again and covered them with their bodies. The children had a safe crisis in this way.

Xing Liquan Yan'an Nursing Institute witnesses

When the Kuomintang plane went, he fired with a machine gun. The students lay on the ground and dropped the bullet shell. The students could pick it up.

Even if you are fully prepared, the unexpected danger still tests the caregivers at any time. On one occasion, the Kuomintang military aircraft raid, and the enemy aircraft rushed down the bomb after hovering in the air. Suddenly, the frightened horses scrambled around, and the children were crying. A boy was scared to run around.

Ugly Songliang Yan'an Nursing Institute witnesses

The enemy aircraft bombed, let us lie down, we all lay down, a child rushed out at the time, a little boy, at this time Aunt Liu Qiaolan, she was only 13 years old at that time, she ran out and rushed to the child. On her body, she kept the child, but she was injured by herself. In February 1947, the "horse back cradle" team came to Fenhe, Shanxi.

At this time, the war is being stuck, and the enemy's blockade is ahead. In order to avoid the enemy's search and surveillance, Zhang Chichang turned into zero and divided the conservation staff and the children into the fighting teams. Cheng Yiping, then the secretary of the party branch of the Yan'an Nursing Institute, was responsible for leading one of them. In this team, there are six children and a guards, two of which are Cheng Yiping's daughter.

However, when the squad is about to cross the Floating Bridge on the Fenhe River, an accident happened.

Liu Songbai Yan'an Nursing Institute Cheng Yiping's daughter

We are the last crossing river, and the pontoon bridge is almost stepping on the scattered rack. The little mule walks unstable. When we walk to the pontoon, we step on the ice. Essence

The river was cold and bitter, and Liu Songbai and her sister who fell into the river were instantly frozen and were numb. They couldn't move in the water and almost fainted. At this time, their mother had escorted other children across the Fenhe River.

Liu Songbai Yan'an Nursing Institute Cheng Yiping's daughter

At that time, there was a discipline of crossing the river and could not make a sound, because there was an enemy bunker next to the river. We were smuggling the blockade line. The troops whispered to a person's ears by alone: ​​"It was passed to Cheng Yiping's two children and drowned the river." When this sentence passed on to my mother's ears, she had passed the Tongpu Railway five kilometers, She almost fell off immediately, and her tears flowed out of her eyes.

Which mother does not love her child? Moreover, the two children fell into the river and drowned at the same time. Cheng Yiping, who learned that the bad news was like a knife, she wanted to go back to save her child, but she could not leave her fighting position because she was also responsible for the other four children. Strict.

More importantly, Cheng Yiping is also responsible for keeping a few precious file boxes. There is a file of more than 100 children in Yan'an Nursing Institute. When the revolution wins, these files will become an important basis for children to find their parents.

In extreme pain, Cheng Yiping walked forward with tears with tears.

Liu Songbai Yan'an Nursing Institute Cheng Yiping's daughter

But how did I live today, there is a 18 -year -old soldier from the 359th brigade next to me called Quan Chao. When I saw us dangerous, I jumped off the river to rescue. Luggage, the third time I caught me up.

What should I do if I get up and get up? He controlled me upside down, and then he rescued me with the manual breathing of his mouth.

Since the winter of 1946, the "horse back cradle" crosses the Yellow River, crosses Mian Mountain, and turns too much. In this rare large transfer, facing enemy aircraft bombardment, the caregiver "mother" uses her body to protect it with her body. Children; when they met a beast in the wild, the caregiver "mother", and picked up the wooden stick to disperse the wolf. The children were escorted by the caregivers and soldiers, and they moved three thousand miles to avoid countless dangers.

In January 1949, after the peaceful liberation of Peiping, the Party Central Committee notified the nursery to move into Peiping in July. On September 24th, the "horse back cradle" finally got on the train to Peiping, where they would usher in a new life.

This is a "doll Long March" that is not unprecedented, and the children have spent nearly three years in the "cradle on the horse". Under the protection of military and civilians in the liberated areas, the children of the Yan'an Nursing Institute moved three thousand miles in the war, and none of them lost their queue and no one were casualties.

Researcher at Jiang Xiuhua National Women's Federation Women's Research Institute

Later, many children from the Yan'an Nursing Institute became the pillars of the construction of various industries in the motherland. The Yan'an Nursing Institute was unique in history, and its significance was very significant.

In Yan'an more than 80 years ago, in the continuous war, the Chinese Communist Party did everything for children to show the touching great love. Yan'an Nursing Institute is full of legendary past, making people feel the extraordinary tempering of the extraordinary age and the children who live in that era.

"Adults are there, children are here; adults are not there, children must be there." The vow echoing under the Park Mountain that year, through time and space, did not change the original intention.

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