"Qingning Township" in the Tang Dynasty!The North and South Haiyou Guanjin District, guard the Haijiang Military Town!

Ningjin Institute: Dongyu is going to Jinyi "Gancheng"

Master Yuanren, Japan in the Tang Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty in his "Entering the Dharma Tour": "There is Moya (now the island) in the Qingning Township, Qingning Township, and a sword of Wu Qian. . "Master Yuanren's text made the history of the ancient land in the east of the Shandong Peninsula, and suddenly entered people's vision.

It can be said that the Tang Dynasty was descending, and Ningjin of the Yellow Sea Ningjin had never been silent. It was always standing on the cusp of history, and continuously performed a strong and majestic historical drama.

Puppet island

Guanjin in Qingning Township

The history before the Tang and Song dynasties, on the land of Rongcheng, can mention the rare corner of the specific administrative geographical name. In addition to the long history of Weidshan's northern foot, and the night pavilion, the Yiyang Pavilion, Chaoyang Pavilion, and Baima Township, the southern area of ​​Rongcheng. Today we can see that there is only one historical name, which is Qingning Township.

Baiye County and Yiyi Pavilion can be traced back to the Han Dynasty and even the Zhou Dynasty; Chaoyang Pavilion was built during the Song Qing Dynasty (1041-1048), and has been named the name of a administrative district in Wendeng County and Rongcheng County. In the "Weihai City Zhi" records, the names of the first -level administrative districts in the Tang Dynasty township that can be examined in the Weihai area are only the names of the Tang Dynasty township, only Baima Township and Qingning Township.

Baima Township is seen in Guangxu's "Wendeng County Chronicle": "Today, the examiner, the northeast of the county is Baima Township of the Tang Dynasty"; Qingning Township was the earliest record that it was "The Book of Tour of the Tang Dynasty" by Master Yuanren, Japan. The book was completed in the first year of Tang Dazhong (847), which records: "There is a Moya Island in the Qingning Township, Qingning Township, and a sword of Wu Qian. When the southeast of Chishan is separated by Xiaohai. From the north of Chishan to the east, the land is obtained. "This carrier lets us know exactly that today's Ningjin Street is affiliated with Qingning Township, Wendeng County in the Tang Dynasty.

According to the literal understanding, it seems that the administrative center area of ​​"Qingning Township" is near the residence of today's Ningjin Street. Because of the vast area of ​​Jiazishan to east, it has abundant land resources and is in line with the characteristics of the farming era. It is inferred that there should be a lot of villagers at the time.

"Wendeng County"

The southern end of the southern end of Ishima is the southernmost point, which is more than a few kilometers than the straight line distance from the area where Ningjin Street belongs. If Ishima ’s area also belongs to the area under the jurisdiction of Qingning Township at that time, the surrounding area of ​​Dashu Islands is the“ Qingning Township Antarctic ”location.

However, Yuanren clearly stated that "there is a Moya Island in the Antarctica of Qingning Township." The south of Dashang Island Village is the vast sea of ​​smoke. Obviously, this "Antarctic" does not refer to the area of ​​Dashang Island village.

From this analysis and judgment, Yuan Ren said "There is a Moya Island in the Qingning Township Antarctica Sea", which should be the place where Yuanren once stood at the south of today's Ningjin Street to watch the south. "Moya Island".

The place is likely to be in the area of ​​today's Ningjin Street or Taoyuan Street.

Puppet island

Yuanren appears in the book mixed with "Qingning" and "Qingning". However, the book records that the official documents of Wendeng County's official and Chishan Fahua Temple at that time were called "Qingning Township".

It can be seen that at the time in Ningjin Street, he should be administered as "Qingning Township, Wendeng County" at that time. It can be seen from the records of all dynasties that the history of the Ningjin area has not changed during the golden period and the Yuan Dynasty. It still belongs to Qingning Township, Wendeng County, Ninghai Prefecture. It did not change until the establishment of the capital system in the Ming Dynasty. China's place names have a certain significance.

Green, "Said the text" explains its original meaning as "the color of the east", and there is still the meaning of "blue". Obviously refers to "Oriental"; Ning, "Said" explained "Ancient is 寍, Anye. Obviously, Qingning is the meaning of "peaceful oriental" or "peaceful oriental".

Ningjin geographical location

The Ningjin area is located at the eastern end of the Jiaodong Peninsula, and the east is the vast sea, which is obviously in line with the "Oriental". It is not difficult to see that ancient people attached great importance to the geographical location of the Ningjin area. It regards it as the "Guanjin Moist" of the East. Therefore, the administrative name "Qingning Township" is This focuses on the strategy, and the heavy soldiers are guarded.

Land and Sea Commerce Tongluo is about to rush

The north of Ningjin is Gu Longmen Port (now Sanggou Bay West), and its southwest is also a Haikou (now Shimao Bay). The geographical location is very important.

From the Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties, the coastal area of ​​Dengzhou was a "Dengzhou Sea Water Water" "Dengzhou Sea Water Entering Gauli and Bohai Road". The port under the jurisdiction of Dengzhou in history is the main customs port of the East Asian countries entering and leaving the Tang Dynasty.

The navigation technology of the Tang Dynasty was still mainly synonymous, and the navigator mainly judged the channel through visible geographical coordinates.

After the routes of the Donghai area of ​​Dengzhou, there are many visibility signs of the coastal islands and near -shore peaks, so navigation is safe and reliable.

Jiazishan, Chaoyangshan, etc. in the west of Ningjin, in ancient times, was an important reference for transportation on the maritime. From the west trip west of the Korean Peninsula or the ships of the past in the north and south of China, to the vast sea on the east, you will first see the two mountains on the west. Moreover, the east foot of the two mountains has vast land, slow terrain, and various vessels are also very easy to go ashore in this area.

From the travel notes of Yuanren, it was not difficult for people to find that there were many Silla people living and doing business here in Qingning Township.

The Silla Zhang Baoyu used Dengzhou Chishanpu as his trading base in the Tang Dynasty, and a large number of goods from other places were sold in Chishanpu.

Jiazishan

There is a mountain mouth between Jiazi Mountain and Chaoyang Mountain. There is a village in the southeast of the village called "mouth". The northeast of Yamaguchi is located in Gucun stayed in the village. The local old man said that this Yamaguchi has been an important thing since ancient times. It can be seen from Master Yuanren's travel notes that Master Yuanren has frequent activities in Liucun (now stayed in the village).

Therefore, the scope of "Chishanpu" in Master Yuanren must cover the coast of the east of Ningjin. It is speculated that it will go to the west of Wendeng County to go to the northwest via this Yamaguchi Yamaguchi.

In terms of pushing, the ancient commercial ships include the land and sea commercial activities of Silla Zhang Baoyu in the coastal area of ​​Qingning Township.

Its cargo was unloaded in the coast of Qingning Township, and then passed the mountains and other places through the mountain mouth west of Ningjin, and then went to Wendeng. The transportation was the most convenient. In addition, the "Wenpi" trade with China and China will also be traded on the Boat of Ningjin.

Ancient merchant ship

As mentioned earlier, the large land of Jiazishan and Chaoyang Mountain is most suitable for the ancestors to cultivate and reproduce here, and gradually form a lot of villages.

Therefore, on the land of Ningjin, at least there are many villages in the Tang Dynasty, such as the "Liu Village" (now stayed in the village) mentioned in the book. It is important, and the villagers are relatively dense. Naturally, the past dynasties will increase the management of this area.

Stay in the village

After the Ming Dynasty, the navigation and fishing activities along the Ningjin coastal area became more frequent, and many coastal ports became shipping places. The Ming Dynasty's "Wanli Accounting Record" mentioned that the navigation transportation of the east coastal area of ​​Rongcheng: "The rest of the Ningjin Institute northwest, the Haikou of the Shan Haikou, the southwest of Xunshan, and the Herbalon Beach ...

The "Waterway Outline" in the Qing Dynasty said: "The east of the Hai Chengshan is folded to the southwest, and the mouth of the island (slap) in the south of Rongcheng County via the west to the south of Rongcheng County. In the first episode, there are four ports in the east, the south of Ningjin, the northeast Sangoukou, and the northeast and southwest, passing the southeast of Chicoto, and the southwest via Jinghaiwei. "

"Waterway Outline"

The "Situation of Rongcheng County Continuation" in the Republic of China records: "There are Dongqi Island on the waterway, such as Yaowan, Linjialiu, Rocky Bay, Dige Island, Xinmen Port, Mainkou Bayheqian, Bahe Port, Mujiagang. "In the" Yanggang and the Trend ", the bay of the northern part of the north includes Bayhe West Rang, Laantou, Store, Yanshi Bay, Linjialiu, Yajima Yawan, etc. They are important waterway harbor. It is a portal in and out of the waterway. Sailing boats, cafe trafficking, fishing boats, etc. often be moored in this area. From the above -mentioned book records, it can be seen that since the area of ​​ancient Ningjin, it is the Guanjin important area on the North -South China Shipping Channel.

Therefore, at least before the Tang Dynasty, the land of Ningjin was both the center of local administrative management and a distribution center for maritime trade and land and sea traffic. It was also a military town that guarded Haijiang.

The place where Ningjin Institute is located in the sea of ​​the sea

The solid coastal defense of Li Li Li Bing

Ningjin has been a military town since ancient times, not only in the Yuan and Ming dynasties. In the "Jiaodong Culture" section of "The Jiaodong Maritime Defense and Coastal Culture in the Northern Song Dynasty", Su Shi presented a "Dengzhou Zhao also negotiated to the court after being transferred to the Junjun Prefecture of Dengzhou. The memorial of the Water Army, in which he strongly asked the court to strengthen the coastal defense measures of Dengzhou, and to have a fixed garrison and implement key defense. The court finally adopted Su Shi's opinion. The construction of coastal defense along the coastal area of ​​Dengzhou has been strengthened.

Ningjin, as the East China -East Sea of ​​Dengzhou Prefecture, is very important for military strategy. The court will naturally increase the deployment of military forces here to ensure the safety of sea defense in this area.

Therefore, it can be speculated that there should be a certain number of military facilities and soldiers around the Ningjin Institute, and the original site of the Ningjin Institute is likely to be a military center.

Site of the ancient city wall of Ningjin

During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, the pirates raged and burned and looted in the coast of the eastern coast. In order to resist the infringement of the pirates and ensure the safety of the sea and the people, the Yuan Dynasty government guarded the guards on the coast of the eastern coast and built a large number of military facilities such as Tuzhai and Yantun.

Since the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the Ming government has continuously strengthened the coastal military forces and implemented a strict health naval defense system. The Rongcheng coast has Chengshanwei, Xunshan, Ningjin and Jinghaiwei from north to south. The name "Ningjin" is gradually well known.

Ningjin Street

Why is it called Ningjin?

Obviously there is the meaning of inheriting "Qingning Township". Ning, the meaning of peace, quietness, and quietness; the meaning of Tian Nai ferry, Guanjin, and the best, that is, here is the place where the land crosses the sea from the land.

Ningjin guards the thousand households, is the delivery of the north gate of the predators of the East Sea. It must be ensured that the tranquility and safety of the waters in this area must be ensured.

Throughout the Ming Dynasty, the pirates have invaded the coast of Shandong a dozen times. Chengshanwei, Jinghaiwei and Baifeng Touzhai, Luoshima, Caojima Village and other places in Rongcheng have been attacked and plundered. The middle area of ​​Ningjin is located in the middle of these places.

Nevertheless, in the previous looting, the pirates have never dared to act lightly about the districts of the Ningjin Institute. As Song Su Shi said in the chapter: "The prisoners know that there is a preparation, so there is no police." Later, due to the abnormal military defense of Ningjin Institute, the people and civilians were in the city, the soldiers of the soldiers, and the strict arranges. The opportunity. The domain of the region under the jurisdiction of Ningjin, the safety of the territory and the people was effectively guaranteed. Majia Village, Ningjin Street

In the twelve years of Shunzhi (1655), Ningjin Institute was also in Jinghai Wei, and in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735), the tailoring office established a county. The village of Ningjin is named after.

The strict city layout

Regarding the establishment time of Ningjin Shouqianqian, the current statement is different.

According to the "History of the Ming Dynasty", it was set up in the thirty -first year of Ming Hongwu (1398). The construction of Daoguang's "Rongcheng County Chronicle" records that it was built in the thirteenth year of the Ming Hongwu (1381), and the first thousand households Zhang Sheng was sealed in the 22nd year of Ming Hongwu (1389).

Whether it is Chengshanwei, Jing Haiwei, or Xunshan, and Ningjin, why are there inconsistent setting time records? "Rongcheng Culture" believes that "Cao Chuangwei and the creation of Shicheng are two concepts.

Because it takes time to build the city, it starts in the thirteenth year of Ming Hongwu (1381). It is incomplete in all aspects and is still in the preparation stage. Therefore, the history of Ming Dynasty is not recorded. In the thirty -first year of Hongwu (1398) in the Ming Dynasty, Shicheng was officially completed before it was found in history books. "

The author believes that this explanation is more reasonable. Therefore, it is not impossible for Ningjin to be established in the thirteenth year of Hongwu (1381). In addition, the "Continuance of the Republic of China Rongcheng County Continuing Store" is recorded in the "Ningjin City, and the construction of the second year of Ming Hongwu (1369)". I don't know where to say.

The solemn Ningjin Martyrs Cemetery

Qing Shunzhi's "Dengzhou Prefecture Chronicles · City Pond" records that the construction scale of Ningjin Institute is "Brick City, Wednesday, two feet high in high, two feet wide and three feet wide, door four, one foot of the building, one foot deep, wide, wide, wide, wide, wide, wide, wide, wide, wide, wide Two feet ". The area under the jurisdiction of Ningjin is extensive, and there are some other subsidiary military facilities in the area.

In the "Continuation of the Republic of China Rongcheng County Continuing Store", the city of Ningjin's city "The trainer field is located outside Dongcheng Gate; the most writer of the Wrangler is the back of the Malaysian Village. Gradually become a village. From this to the south, there are villages say to stop horses.

According to the old man in the village of Ningjin, the site of Ningjin Institute was very clear in the 1950s. The city is 500 meters north to east and west, with a total area of ​​about 250,000 square meters (about 375 acres). Thousands of households and southwest of the city of the place where they are located, people call it "Guanjie", where the family members of the officers and soldiers live in "Wafang"; the four corners of the city, people call it southwest, northwest, northeast, and southeast warehouses according to their orientation.

According to Daoguang's "Rongcheng County Chronicle · Officer", Ningjin Institute had a "warehouse ambassador" at the time, and was abolished tomorrow (1621-1627) tomorrow. From this analysis, these "warehouses" should be hoarding in the city.

Most of the ancient villages in Ningjin Street are built in abandoned city wall tiles

In the 1950s, the West City Gate and Nanchengmen Site of the city were well preserved. The city gate is the structure of the masonry arch, and the top of the city gate is a rammed soil layer.

According to the memories of the village of Ningjin, there are cities outside the south and west gate, and no city is seen in the east and north gate. Ningjin is an important military guardian city base. Therefore, four doors should be set up.

Check the "Continuation of Rongcheng County in the Republic of China", and the author found the answer in the "Ningjin Temple" record. The book records: "During the Jiaqing period (1796-1820), the gentry Wang Jiajin and others discussed the two temples (referring to the Guan Di Temple and Zhenwu Temple in the city) outside the north gate. On it. "

It can be seen that the four gates were all in the city of that year, but because of the earlier age of the east and north cities, their forms were relatively vague in people's consciousness, so the versions passed down became "no city."

The general plan of the current situation of Ningjin City

According to the records, there is a trench around the city gate that is the moat. But what the old people see only a water bay about 20 meters long and width outside Dongcheng Gate. There are similar water bay outside the South City Gate. This should be the leftover of the moat, but because the time is too long, the moat is just filled in.

Where does the water from the city of Ningjin come from? This is an unsolved mystery. The method of introducing water into the city in the ancient city pond into the city in "History of the History of the City of Chinatown · City, the Construction and Water of the Water". The water in the middle of the water ... The moat rivers are connected to the big river, and then the moat and the tributary of the city are connected. "

From this point of view, in addition to natural rainwater, the water source of the moat of Ningjin City must also have a rivers. Looking at the terrain of Ningjin, the general west is low. There are Yantun Mountain, Niuling Mountain, and Jiazishan from north to south, so the river water sources should be sufficient.

Village names such as Da Chahe and Qu Quan today show that the water system in this area is relatively developed.

Ductive village

And there are two rivers in Ningjin north and south. According to the Republic of China "Rongcheng County Continuation, Mountains and River" records: "Ningjin Beihe originated from Yantun Mountain, and asked Jinqiao to enter the Malaysia River. Entering Longwan to leak water into the sea. "

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