Groasman's "Life and Destiny"

Groasman's perspective through a Soviet Jews

The panoramic painting shows his thinking about the Russian Revolution

Not long ago, the domestic Soviet writer Vasily Grossman's very heavy novel "Life and Destiny" was reprinted in China.

The most glorious work of Grosman is the "Two Two Ministry of the War Epic" - "For the Care for Justice" (completed in 1953) and "Life and Destiny" (completed in 1959). Both works were after the outbreak of the Soviet -German war in 1941. He as the Soviet "Red Star" reporter as a reporter of the Soviet Army moved to the southeast and northwest, and the frontline experience of more than a thousand days was closely related. Among them, the latter work has attracted particular attention.

The background of "Life and Destiny" is based on the fierce battle of the Soviet Union. It tells the fate of the ups and downs of the Shatashnikov family and their relatives and friends in the war. The story happened from September 1942 to February 1943. For the first time, Grossman described the atrocities of the German Nazi extinction camp and the Soviet Guslah Raidan camp in his long -term work. Those nightmare -like stories are far compared The truth of the Sude battlefield is even more creepy. From the perspective of a Soviet Jewish perspective, Grosmann showed his thoughts on the Russian Revolution.

This work was originally met with Soviet readers in the form of underground publications. Of course, Grosman hopes to publish his works through the official way. He sends the manuscripts of "Life and Destiny" to the editorial department of the New World with a liberal tendency. It was the well -known editor -in -chief of him, Tavvevsky, who was well -known for his publishing writer Solhinqin in "New World" in early 1960. Literary publishing community. However, the editorial department of "New World" gave the final opinion on December 19, 1960: "Life and Destiny" is an anti -Soviet work and will not be adopted. Perhaps Grossman ignored an important detail, that is, "New World" published by Soluren novels, which was allowed by the general secretary Khrushchev beforehand.

Just in the mouth of Grossman's stun, Corchovicov, the editor -in -chief of another famous literary magazine "Banner" in Moscow, took the opportunity to ask Groasman for the manuscript, claiming that the "Banner" was considered. But Corev Nikov was a speculator and awarder in the literary publishing community. After getting the manuscript of "Life and Destiny", he gave it directly to the KGB. On February 14, 1961, KGB confiscated the manuscript and printing of "Life and Destiny". On the 23rd, Grossman wrote a letter to Khrushchev and asked him to let him go "Life and Destiny". He argued in the letter: "I wrote all the facts, because I love and wish people, I believe them. I asked for the freedom of the book I gave me." Suslov, the secretary of the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, was ordered to answer Groasman, He called Grossman to the office and announced under the official cavity: "Life and Destiny cannot be published in the Soviet Union within two hundred years."

The Soviet Union officially refused to publish "Life and Destiny", and KGB copied the manuscript of the book. The torment and tear of the Groasman's soul can be imagined. His wife, Olga, also persuaded Groasman to give up the recovery of manuscripts and publish "Life and Destiny", and she even asked her husband to burn all printing. Fortunately, Groasman's friend Ukraine Poet Ricpin retains a typing draft of "Life and Destiny". With the help of Soviet physicist Saharov, poet Okuzava, and writer Volinovic Send the manuscript away. Finally, Switzerland published the Russian version of "Life and Destiny" in 1980. In the mid -1980s, the former Soviet President Gorbachev promoted the reform of "new thinking". Many of the banned literary works were repeated. In 1988, the abuse version of "Life and Destiny" was published. Death 24 years. In 1990, Moscow printed the full version of the novel.

In 1964, Grossman unfortunately suffered from renal cancer after the torture and exhaustion of "Life and Destiny" and exhausted the last novel "Everything is Flowing". After his kidney was removed, the lesion metastasized to the lungs. The last day of Grosman's life was tortured by illness. At the end of his life, he was unconscious and dream of dreams. He told his wife in a short sober moment that he dreamed that he was arrested and forced to confess, but he did not remember who had been betrayed ...

In the first 30 years of Grosman's life, it was generally smooth. He was born in a wealthy Jewish family in Ukraine Buerjicu in 1905. After graduating from the Department of Chemistry at Moscow, Groasman has taught chemistry at the University of Ah Landtatsk University. When he was young, he believed in Marx and Leninism and was a Buhalin -style socialist. Grossman was the earliest Soviet writer who exposed the persecution of Jewish for Perseverance. In 1944, he wrote the article "Terblinka Hell" and became a court material for Nuremberg's international trial.

(The author is a brigade Russian writer, translator)

Send 2022.8.8 Total Issue 1055 "China News Weekly" magazine

Magazine Title: Groasman's "Life and Destiny"

Author: Sun Yue

Operation editor: Xiao Ran

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