Micro Historical Records | If a woman in the Song Dynasty went to Tokyo to open a store ...

The recently popular costume drama "Menghua Record" tells the story of three women to open a store in Tokyo. At a young age, the operation of making monster -like operations makes the audience a little bit bloody. However, when you return to reality, if the three women go to Tokyo to open a store, is it really so easy?

Tea Drinking (Local) Southern Song · Anonymous

After opening the store, what do they face

In "Menghua Record", Zhao Pan'er faced his peers who came to find faults and said that she had been hung in the guild. This is true. If you want to open a store in Tokyo, the first step is to attend the meeting and visit the old. The old guys are the leader of the guild.

The guild appeared in the Tang Dynasty, unprecedentedly active in the Song Dynasty, and the number also increased from 170 rows in the Tang Dynasty to more than 400 lines.

The existence of the guild, in addition to communicating with the same industry, must also take on the government's running for the government. The section of the households included in the "strong buy" and "strong sale". "Strong Buy", that is, the varieties and quantities that are purchased by the government each year, are distributed according to the plan, and require "restricted supply"; "strong sale", that is, the government government forcibly assigned the remaining supplies, and the households are responsible for sale. Regardless of whether it is strong buying or strong selling, it is generally necessary to keep the task with quality and quantity.

In March of the seventh year of Xining (1074), it was in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The price of rice was expensive, and the glutinous rice in Beijing was extremely short. The government issued a strong buying task to Mixing, but the purchase price was set as the price before the price increase. Mi Xing has a Cao Yan, because the low -cost acquisition of glutinous rice is not available, and the task of "Glutinous rice five hundred stones" is not completed.

As for the strong sale, the government will assign the difficult items such as tea, salt, and wine that are difficult to sell to the households for sale. For example, when Song Xiaosong, the Chen tea with "backlogs and depths and damage to the edible". , Or order the head to be sold, the price is closed. " In addition, there are wines, rice, wheat, etc., forced to sell to the guild, and also require the profit to ensure that the profits are guaranteed.

As the capital of the first good, Kaifeng, Tokyo is the most severe place to control and control. The government's strong buying and strong selling behavior occurs. The compensation was miserable.

If Zhao Pan'er and Sun Sanniang in "Menghua Record" is true to open a store in Tokyo, then the biggest difficulty they face is this "science match" from the government.

At the same time, Zhao Pan'er also needed to face the crowding of big tea merchants. Big Tea Merchants are the upper levels of the guild. They use economic forces that small and medium -sized merchants do not have to manipulate prices and control the rights of supply and commodity.

Wang Anshi once said to Song Shenzong: "House of mergers, such as tea, there are more than ten households. If the guests take the tea to Beijing, they will give off the swallows first and begged to pricing. Dare to take advantage of profit, but you have to set a high price, that is, to pay for the fee on the lower households to pay for its fee. "

In other words, when tea is in Beijing, they must be sold to large merchants at a low price and ask them to set a high price for tea. In this way, those who open tea buildings and sell tea can only buy tea at high prices.

Zhao Pan'er bought tea from the channels of tea, and they must buy high -priced tea, and the profit space will become smaller.

In addition to buying tea at high prices, Zhao Pan'er also faces the competition of many peers.

In the early ancient teahouses, most of them were only for pedestrians and past businessmen Jia Xie's thirst, with a single purpose. But in the Song Dynasty, Chafang had both business transactions, friends, and information dissemination. Lu You's "Lao Xueyu Note" records that Qin Yue's granddaughter Chong Guo has a pet cat lost. He is limited to Lin'an House search. Because the tea people come and go, the liquidity is great, the news spreads throughout the city, and the cat will soon find it.

At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, many tea houses were opened in Jingjing City, and even tea houses were even in remote rural towns. The Northern Song Dynasty Zhang Ziduan's "The Map of the River in the Qingming" showed the prosperity of the business of Kaifeng City Teafang wine restaurants in Tokyo.

Tea Tu Tou (Partial) Yuan · Qian Choose

To do business, there must be a means

The TV series "Menghua Record" also shows us Zhao Pan'er's business mind. Indeed, there must be means to do business. The methods displayed in the TV series actually exist in the Song Dynasty.

"There is a selling noodle shop next door to the yellow -fledged mouthball tea house, and the mother of the mother of the mother of Zhongwine's mother's family is named a cave ghost tea house. This is the situation of the Song Dynasty tea shop recorded in the Song Dynasty in the Song Dynasty in the "Dream Liang Lu". Among them, "One Cave Ghost Tea House" was opened by a woman.

The name "One Cave Ghost" in the Chafang comes from the Song Dynasty "The Ghost of the West Mountain and One Cave Ghost". This story tells a series of strange things that Wang Puyi Wu Hong said after the media. The mother Wang, who opened this tea house, used this strange name, which was both mysterious and seductive and highlighted, becoming a place in the city's "scholar -doctor period friend meeting."

In the "Menghua Record" drama, Zhao Pan'er also gave the tea tower a "half -covered noodle" store name. This name was used in the early Northern Song Dynasty, which was very clever. If it is used in the middle and late Song Dynasty, the attraction to the scholar is not enough.

Compared with the "One Cave Ghost", the name "half -cover" comes from more elegant poems. This store is taken from the poems of Bai Juyi, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, "still hug the pipa half -cover". Bai Juyi was generally praised in the Tang Dynasty. In the early generation of the Song Dynasty, Zunbai Xuebai became a major feature of the literary world at that time. Among the poets of the "Xi Kun style" of the Renzong Dynasty, Yang Yi, Ji Jian, etc. all learned "white body". However, in the middle of the Song Dynasty, Bai Juyi's "Qian" poetic style was questioned, and his evaluation of him was greatly reduced.

In the early Song Dynasty, with the name of "half -cover" as the store name, it borrowed Bai Juyi's poem name, but also to clearly understand that there is a "pipa girl" in the store. Low.

In the play, in order to highlight the "first pipa of Jiangnan", Zhao Pan'er also made Song Yinzhang the image of "Princess Qian's Princess". This trick "Lahupin is a big banner" really uses it. In the Song Dynasty, some merchants had used this recruitment business.

At that time, Su Shi was degraded to Hainan, and her neighbor was an old woman who sold her dumplings. She invited Su Dongpo several times to make a poem for her. "Playing the Junzi Gift to the neighbor" is that Su Shi was invited to write: "The slim hand is rubbed to the jade color, the blue oil is fried and tender yellow and deep. Lao Xun's sister -in -law is very popular and has attracted a lot of diners.

Compared with the old woman, the story of Song Wuzhang, who lives in the intersection of the Song Dynasty, is even more sensational. Song Wuzheng was originally from Jingjing. The family was originally opened at the restaurant. She also cooks a good fish. After the south, she lived near Lin'an Suti and lived on this craft. In the sixth year of Chunxi (1179), Tai Shang emperor Zhao Gou traveled to West Lake by dragon boat. Song Wuzheng's screaming sound of Jingjing attracted him. Zhao Gou then ordered Song Wuyu to make fish ravioli. Zhao Gou tasted his mouth, and he still had the taste of his hometown. He couldn't help giving, and immediately gave Qian Qianwen, silver money, and ten silk. Since then, Song Wuzhang opened a store outside Qiantangmen, and people rushed to try something new. Some people wrote a poem: "A bowl of fish is worth a few dollars, and the old Beijing heritage is braised. At the time, people's faith comes to the market.

In addition to hype, Zhao Pan'er must have certain social experience.

"Suiyin Road" records a scam that happened in Lin'an: "There is a teenager to buy old silk silk at high prices, and quotes the tea shop, saying:" Waiting for my mother trading. Outside the tea shop, I said: 'Inner and my mother, the money is in the mother's place.' Take the silk and enter it, and the ears say: 'Our mother, the money is also in the mother. Mo Zhi. "The teenager cheated, and cheated the two women's silk cloth.

As the helm of a shop, Zhao Pan'er must have a certain ability to know the scam.

Dou Tea Map (Local) Ming Tang Yin (Biography)

Female businessmen, not many successful success in the Song Dynasty

In the play, the screenwriter arranged the underlying identity for Zhao Pan'er: Zhao Pan'er was the trick of breaking up. It is in line with historical reality in this identity.

Liu Yuchun and Yang Guo of Wuhan University have analyzed the women's situation in the Song Dynasty business, and found that women in business are mostly in the middle and lower levels of society. The main driving force for business is the need for life.

The concepts of Song Mingli's "saving heavenly destruction of people" and "starving to death and lost their festivals" and other concepts left the stereotypes of "Song Dynasty women's status low". However, although the Song and Ming dynasties were born in the Song Dynasty, it really had an impact on actual life and daily customs. In fact, it was actually in the Ming Dynasty. At that time, the strong business atmosphere of business provided many opportunities for civilian women, allowing them to participate in more business activities.

Zhao Pan'er operated a tea house or restaurant as the bottom. As far as the social atmosphere at the time was concerned, such an identity provided them with ethical "legitimacy".

According to scholar statistics, most women in the Song Dynasty do business, most of which are small merchant hawkers. "One day's food", the vendors ran for three meals a day.

There are also some women, and the business is slightly larger, and tea houses, hotels, hotels, and pharmacies are opened. But it is rare to make business bigger. Like the "One Cave Ghost" tea house, the female owner of the "One Cave Ghost" and the Song Wuzhangyu shop, it is successful.

Unlike the image of the glorious tea house owner in the TV series, it may only be enough to get enough food and clothing. During the Chunxi reign, the residents of the west of Fuzhou City You Shi, "Family is poor, can only enable small tea shops, often insufficient food, and sighs and sorrows." The small teahouse has little profit, and it can't feed a family. The store couples are always frowning.

In the TV series, Zhao Pan'er wanted to change the string and do the restaurant business. In fact, Jingjing implemented a "disclosure" at the time, and implemented a monopoly policy for the production and trading of wine. The winemaker must buy the wine quota from the government. After buying a quota, you can make wine and sell wine. In the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were about 70 restaurants in Jingjing to make wine. If Zhao Pan'er wants to open the restaurant, you must buy wine from these 70 stores. In order to make more money, the government has pushed the wine quota to the market. The wine households buy more quotas and make more wines, and the market is so big. The more wine, the cheaper the price. Sometimes, it is not enough to buy wine quotas. During the Song Renzong period, "Liu Baoheng, a rich people in Beijing opened the wine farm, had more than one million money, and the three divisions sent officials to the governors, and Baoheng sold production for sale." Liu Baoheng opened the wine farm. In the end, he owed more than a hundred thousand dollars in the government government.

Song Dynasty literati Ye Shi described in "Zhu Niangqu" a life of a woman in a hotel. The Zhu Niang's family had been living in wine for generations. In her generation, the business lost, making the poet's emotion.

Zhao Pan'er changed to the restaurant business. If there were no other "flowers" and only sold wine, the pressure of survival was more than that.

Yangtze Evening News/Zi Niu Journalist Zang Lei

Reference materials:

Analysis of the situation of women in the business of the Song Dynasty, Liu Yichun Yang Guo, Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2011.2 Women in the Song Dynasty business, Liu Yuchun, Master's Degree Thesis 2008

Women in the Song Dynasty business and analysis, Zhang Jinhua, Chinese history research 2006.4

Misunderstanding of women's status in the Song Dynasty, Huang Yao, Journal of Jincheng Vocational and Technical College 2019.12

Tea Chun Vulgar, Yu Yue, Shanghai People's Publishing House 2008.4

Morality Research on Business Guild in the Song Dynasty, Xiao Qin, Master's Degree Thesis 2011

Ordinary people go to the Northern Song Dynasty to engage in their careers. Most of them have to fall down, saying Jiulin, short historical record 2022.6.15

The ancient version of "Call me a big shopkeeper": How can a woman in the Song Dynasty "clear the customs"?Shi Jueming, national human history 2022.6.14

Edit: Qin Xiaoyi

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