Zhou Libo: Summary theme

After reading the special theme of the Literature and Art "The Problem", I also have some ideas, so I might as well talk about it here.

Recently I watched the film "Master Qiao on the Sears" and felt tasteful. I heard that this film has been staged in Beijing for a few weeks, and it can be seen that it is very popular with the audience. The outline of its story is: a lingering person who entered the scientific research in Beijing with a little nerd was involved in an incident of a bully grabbing. He was sitting in the sedan and was lifted to the bullies. On the way, I found out what was going on and had an opportunity to escape, but he did not escape. He wanted to rescue the woman who had been misfortune. This person is confused, and the big things are not confused; In the old society, this is a rare figure. The film concentratedly wrote a person's incident, and slightly carved the character's characteristic character. Although it describes the past, the protagonist is a feudal society. I still like to watch, and there is no harm after watching it. It can be seen that a variety of themes can be used to write fascinating works.

Naturally, the subject matter is important and unimportant, but no matter what theme works are dealing with, in order to make it artistic charm, it must be deeply excavated and performing strongly. Some audiences always look at the major themes, but they are always boring. For example, a drama, clearly and hypnotic effects, but if you do n’t hold your head, open your eyes, look down, and you seem to be sorry for the author. Secondly, he shows that he has no political cultivation, so he has to suffer.

Some works are not particular about concentration, which violates the typical principles advocated by Chairman Mao. Such authors often make a large number of people entering their works, thinking that this is to show the masses. In fact, this is a completely wrong understanding. One of the reasons why people like traditional opera is because it portrays the characters very concentrated. There are only two people in "Women's Solution" in Yutangchun. There should be two solutions. The author tried to omit one and concentrate the drama on the old solution and Su San. A question and answer, singing very attractive. There are only four characters in the "Three Halls of Trial" in the same play. The three officials and Yutangchun's minds, expressions, and questions were portrayed, and they sang the drama how lively. It can be seen that the excitement does not care about people. The waste of manpower is the biggest waste, and this principle is also suitable for literary creation. Our classical novels also pay attention to concentration. People who are speaking often say: "Two flowers bloom, each of them", there are only two flowers, and they must also leave one. Various arts have its restrictions. The stage, screen, and pen and ink all require highly concentrated and superb organization. To show millions of people, it is impossible to invite them to the stage. In order to create a kind of atmosphere, sometimes there are scenes of the masses, but this kind of scene should not be too much, and some can also be treated with a dark field when it is necessary to use this type of row. On the vast majority of occasions, the author should choose the representatives of the masses, focus on depicting, and deeply carve. Most of the characters in Lu Xun are representative social models. He wrote the soil in "Hometown". This character reflects the farmers who have not yet aware of the old society. The characters must be saved, you are not saved, the reader will help you: forget it after reading it.

It should be important, but it should not be able to. According to the party's education, I should, and I am willing to write the autumn uprising, write Jinggangshan and Wanli Long March, but I am suffering from without such experiences. I barely write is adventure. Writers can only start from reality. They cannot be based on their wishes, let alone from the expectations of others. Naturally, there is also a master in the world that can really write a variety of characters. All kinds of men and women can give life and personality in his hands. Cao Xueqin is one among such people, but there are very few people; and such talented people also have restrictions. He wrote a woman, especially the lady and girl in the feudal family, which is really wonderful, but if he wants to write the boxing of Lu Zhishen in Kansai, he is afraid that he may not be able to surpass Schneider. According to the existing materials, we know that Cao Xueqin is from a big noble family. The life of his youth is estimated to be the same as the life of Jiafu aristocracy. He can write men and women around the Grand View Garden and Garden because they are very familiar with such people.

Only when you are very familiar with the object you want to write can you be deeply excavated; only by digging deep can you let go and boldly fantasize. Fantasy can make the nature of the character, the part of the event may develop, and the vivid performance. The treatment of any subject requires fantasy. Naturally, fantasy is by no means fabricating out of thin air, and it is by no means a fake flower without leaves and leaves. Fake blossoms can't be moved. What people like are the deep -leaf flowers that really grow from the soil.

Since there are restrictions on writers, how can they write a variety of themes? And our time has indeed emerged various subjects, brave battles, hard work, the spirit of dedication of the party's cause, exciting movement, and poetic sentiment. Isn't it the full picture of the times when it is reflected and performed? This is what we do not comprehensively reflect our various themes and shape all kinds of characters, and it cannot be regarded as a comprehensive reflection of this era. But this work must be completed; all writers, everyone expresss their most familiar themes, "Eight Immortals cross the sea, each shows its ability." In this way, our colorful era will be now , Form a vast garden of all flowers. So, can the same writer handle a variety of subjects and describe various characters? I think this can be done. Du Fu and Li Bai in our country have used their own poems to deal with various themes. There are only thirty -four articles created by Lu Xun, but he depicts a variety of characters such as farmers, drivers, naive children, women who suffer, declined old intellectuals, etc. lifelike. It can be seen that a writer can handle various themes. However, in order to do this, the life circle of the writer must be expanded, and those who are observed, analyzed and studied as much as possible, and make friends from all walks of life. Writers have lived in a factory for a long time, a country, or in a troops. They are a good way to be familiar with workers and peasants. But these long -term deeper comrades must also run more than a few more places, open their horizons, and be familiar with various characters, which is of great benefit to creation. There is no first expanding their horizons, no one who is familiar with various classes and occupations. If a writer wants to deal with diverse themes, I think there is only a way to fail.

Emphasizing familiar people, admitting that observation, analysis, and research people are the first condition for writing, they will inevitably cause such questions: can historical novels, monster novels, fairy tales, etc. Can I write it? Since it is a historical and historical figure, we have left the real world, and we cannot observe it. Can this be written too? It can be written, and the evidence is already written. Luo Guanzhong, Shi Naiyu, Lu Xun and Guo Moruo both wrote historical novels or scripts. But as long as you analyze it carefully, you will find that most of the historical works have such characteristics: First, the details of life are rough. Second, there are generally written materials as a basis, but it is also incorporated into a lot of real life. Luo Guanzhong wrote "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", which mainly based on Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms" and Pei Songzhi's "Three Kingdoms Note", etc., and other literary values, such as the Three Kingdoms, etc., but also seemed to have a place for the author's own life experience. The author lived in the late Yuan Dynasty and experienced the life of the war at that time. The war in the late Han Dynasty and the end of the Yuan Dynasty, such as strategic tactics, weapons styles, and heavy transportation, all of which were generally similar. The author can start from his own experience to speculate the scene of life in the Three Kingdoms era.

Any myth also starts from people's lives and people's ideas. For example, the myths in our country love to describe the emperor and Yan Luo Tianzi. These two respects, one is called lonely 33 days, and one is in the eighteen floors of hell, but their political system is similar to the monarchy of the world. Obviously, people's lives and The twists and turns of ideas. Another example is Pu Songling's "Liao Zhai Zhi Yi", who wrote a lot of fox ghosts. In fact, they are all written women and love. Fox points or "autumn" are things that can be known at a glance.

Fairy tales have charming power. Not only children love to see, they are also very happy to stay away from adults who have lived in childhood. In fairy tales, animals can speak, wood and stone will nod, all things in the universe are all the wisdom and words of people. Isn't this ridiculous? It is not ridiculous to children. When the child saw the moon hiding in the cloud pile, he said, "The moon is going home," or "the moon goes home to find a mother." Is there a home for the moon? Where is her house? Children don't want to. They only know: "Since I have a home and a mother, the moon is naturally. Isn't it okay?" This is the psychology of children, which is called anthropomorphic. Therefore, fairy tale authors must understand children's life, language and psychology, or have a childlike heart, or to have poetic love and memory of the passing golden childhood. Children's literary writers do not pay attention to this aspect, but study the language of moving, planting, minerals, or birds and beasts. It is difficult to predict what he wants to get.

Naturally, the language of dynamic, planting, mineral studies or birds and beasts can also write what children need, that is, scientific sketches, and also literary works. It can be seen from this that the same subject matter, because the perspectives of various writers are different, can write various works. A little white rabbit, in the hands of the scientific prose, can write a sketch of common sense of communication science. It can be written in the hands of fairy tale writers, and you can write a story of a white rabbit. There are several ways to write the same subject matter, which is not rare in literature and art. A historical movement is always very complicated and very large. A factory is never as simple and monotonous as people think; it has a variety of people, various ages, various personality, and various types of work, and various types of work; The connection. The village is the same. The huge and complex real life can provide writers with a variety of themes. Every subject is allowed to observe and study from various perspectives, and perform their creation in different styles. Our era is a great, colorful era. The masses love and cherish literary and artistic works. The production of various themes of this era will be welcomed by readers as long as the content of full content and superb skills. Our party name calling writers strived to reflect workers and peasants, and at the same time put forward the policy of "all flowers bloom, hundreds of schools are contending". It should be acknowledged that the life and struggle of workers, peasants and soldiers are an important subject, but we will never exclude, and we hope that all writers will reflect various themes from their own perspectives according to their own wishes and possibilities. Socialist literature and art should be a colorful kaleidoscope in socialist real life. No matter the subject matter and style, it is not suitable for any restrictions. I welcomes this discussion initiated by the Literature and Art, and puts forward some immature opinions, looking forward to Gaoming advice.

This article is supplemented according to the revision of my conversation records compiled by the Literature and Art editor. Lito attachment.

(Originally containing "Literature and Art", No. 6, 1961)

WeChat editor: Lu Yimeng

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