Witness Version ④ 丨 Wang Yan: Xue Gu does not mud, creating buildings belonging to this era

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Architecture -Monument to the Times -has always reflected the spirit of the times in the form of space. Only through the architectural vocabulary of their own times can they be expressive. Since ancient times, it has no surprise.

On July 23, the Hangzhou National Edition Museum was officially completed. It was known as a boutique handed down project of "continuing Chinese literary pulse, firm cultural self -confidence, showing the image of a great country, and promoting civilized dialogue". The Chinese classic version and Chinese cultural relics are kept here, and the consequences of sustainable text.

Recently, we talk about Wang Yan, the main designer of the architecture. In the inheritance and innovation he described, in his persistence and awe, thinking and practice, he identified a world -called work called by a great era, and was also moved to a great era of refraction of the world.

"If there is competition, it is the competition in cultural heritage and innovation"

The development of the times is often together with opportunities. Architects have obtained more creative opportunities to practice ideas and convey ideas on the vast land of China.

When the opportunity reached out to Wang Yan, the first Chinese who won the highest honor award in the architectural industry -Pritzker Architecture Award was extremely excited.

After excitement, more feelings are stress.

"The word" handed down project ", the weight is too heavy, the challenge is huge."

In the past five thousand years in China, a thick and rich version of the content was brewed. Zhou's historian, Qin's stone room, Tianlu Pavilion in the Han Dynasty, the Hongwen Museum in the Tang Dynasty, and then to the Chongwenyuan of the Song Dynasty, the Wenyuan Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty, and the Siku Qige of the Qing Dynasty.

my country's dynasties have been inherited in an important position. Today, once the Hangzhou National Edition Museum is born, it is destined to become the national logo of the new era, and it is destined to be the strong ink in the construction process of Zhejiang's new era of cultural highland.

How will this logo be marked with the times and how to show Zhejiang?

The National Pavilion of the National Edition Pavilion, as the three branches of Hangzhou, Xi'an, and Guangzhou, were promoted almost at the same time. The four museums jointly undertake the heavy responsibility of the Chinese civilized seed gene library and version resource disaster recovery center.

Therefore, some people say that this is a wonderful same questions. And Wang Yan saw the heart of everyone looking for paths to inherit Chinese culture.

"At the beginning of the construction, each museum already has its own positioning. According to the requirements, the Beijing Pavilion should reflect the characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Xi'an Pavilion should present the style of the Han and Tang dynasties. It is the competition in cultural heritage and innovation. "

The inheritance and innovation of culture, the propositions of the times, the eternal challenge.

Wang Yan (left 2) at the project site

"If no new challenge is found in the project, it will not be excited."

The Hangzhou National Edition Hall is a "proposition composition". The topic is "Collection Building in the Garden Background of the Song Dynasty".

The Song Dynasty was the world's recognized peak of Chinese culture. Hangzhou, as the location of the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, focuses on the essence of the Song Dynasty culture.

The seemingly logical proposition is actually extremely difficult to achieve.

The gardens of the Song Dynasty did not leave any physical relics for future generations, and even there were only fragmented corners in Song painting. In fact, this is also a huge regret of a city and a nation -looking at the entire Hangzhou area, except for the heart of a tower of the tower, the building relics on the ground building in the Song Dynasty are very rare.

Who knows, the "impossible task" in the eyes of others was in the middle of Wang Yan.

After winning the Pritzker Architecture Award, some people often asked Wang Yan what life motto. His answer was "ready at all times." This time, he caught the opportunity again.

The garden is Wang Yan's pursuit of decades of architectural language.

Tong Yan is one of the four heroes in China and the pioneer of Chinese garden research. As early as the end of the 1980s, Wang Yan, who was in school, read the words "Chinese garden buildings in the" Children's Selection ", which has not yet been officially published," Chinese garden buildings are so inconsistent, even if there are no flowers and trees, it becomes a garden. " Suddenly in my heart. Later, he participated in the editor of the classic book "Southeast Garden Villa", which introduced the beauty of Chinese classical gardens to the world, and surveyed many gardens in the book.

In combination with Song culture with architecture, Wang Yan has already begun to practice.

He always advocated that "before as an architect, he should first be a literati." Beginning in 2002, Wang Yan studied Song painting and tried to transform it into a architectural language -the Xiangshan Campus of the Chinese Academy of Fine Arts has referenced "Mountain Villa" and "Xishan Qingyuan Picture"; ; Lin'an Museum is the "half landscape" structure of Song painting.

In the spring of 2019, before I didn't know the purpose of the Hangzhou National Edition Museum, Wang Yan just completed a two -week Song painting trip, went to the United States, traveled to the major public museums such as the Metropolitan Museum, as well as several private museums to observe Study Song painting. Just right, he can go to the warehouse to see the true traces.

Song Yun's "rhyme" is an invisible and unsightful temperament and atmosphere, and it is difficult to accurately speak and convey. At this time, all kinds of accumulation flickered into the creation of an architectural artwork.

Wang Yan led us to see the entrance of the mountain storage. Longjing tea trees on the wall reproduce the indifference of the Song people. The hundreds of thousands of tea seedlings were planned to be planted later.

Initially, the site selection of the Hangzhou National Edition was still an abandoned pit. Most people seem to be a piece of water left, and the Song Dynasty gardens like landscape painting are different. Wang Yan can identify the weather from the break.

On the one hand, the broken wall of the "big mountain" of Song painting suddenly inspired his passion. "The garden is a three -dimensional landscape painting, and there is no soul without the main peak. You see, that is the main peak!" The South Gate is another key move. When the eyes look at the gate of the south, the door will be blocked by the mountain. This "beauty of reflection" is a very typical Song painting artistic conception.

Most of the important buildings in ancient and modern China and foreign countries open the door in the middle. But cultural research tells Wang Yan that the main entrance of Chinese gardens will never be on the central axis. However, if you want to open the side door, it is extremely difficult to allow it in the terrain, unless you go to the mountains.

In the end, Wang Yanjing's research calculation plan retained all the original mountains on the scene, and found the basis in Song painting.

This time, with Wang Yan's team, there are six or seven top domestic teams. Later, he learned that being able to open the south gate was one of the important reasons for winning.

The most "real problem" that Wang Yan said is a large -scale use, progressive plum cyan celadon screen fan. The screen fan can open and close the picture screen. The gorgeous colors in the sun make the whole building suddenly form a volume of "rivers and mountain maps".

The Hangzhou National Edition also known as "Wenrun Pavilion". Wang Yan used celadon to properly present the "Run" of Wenrun Pavilion. How to use the material after selection?

"At that time, I was just turning the picture album and saw Ma Yuan's particularly small painting. The painting was on the edge of the West Lake in the Song Dynasty. A literati was playing the piano, and the two were listening. There was a U -shaped screen behind the piano. , Draw a pine tree on the screen, forming a very architectible space. "Suddenly, Wang Yan thought that he could use the ground to form a flat progress, and use the screen -like layer -like screen fan to present the charm of the layered.

But is it enough to have experience advantages?

Anyone who does anything, if you can't leave the past and seek a new "highland", may be defeated.

"We do architecture. If there is no new challenge in the project, we will not be excited." Wang Yan did not allow himself to be tripped over by advantages.

Hangzhou National Edition Pavilion

"We need to make an interpretation of this era in this generation"

There is a sound: it is better to be a building group that imitates the Song.

Wang Yan couldn't agree with this. "One of my ideas is never antique buildings. That's the least interesting!"

From ancient times to the present, every building, which can be named by the history, has expressed and reflects the progress of the times and the pursuit of culture.

If it is just a willingness to imitate, isn't it a backwardness of thought? Intersection

The best commemoration of history is to create new history. Wang Yan bluntly said: "We need to make an interpretation of this era in this generation of language."

Learning ancientness is not mud, breaking the law is not contrary to law. Wang Yan further proposed that it is necessary to create a "modern Song Yun" with the recognition of Chinese style and Zhejiang.

"Modern Song Yun" revealed a respect for the past--

"Thousand Characters" said: "The voices of empty valley, the virtuality to listen." Wang Yan believes that the basic concept of Chinese architecture is not a whole, but an empty body.

"I make buildings like mountains. The most important thing for architecture is hidden in it. You will find that your entrance is very small, but it is as large as the mountain. very complicated."

The Hangzhou National Edition Pavilion "South Park North Pavilion, Pavilion One". The ranking of 13 monomer buildings follows the mountains, and it is dense. The very important double gallery system, as well as the main building and the bridge of the water pavilion, are the abstract structure of landscape painting. They brought the twists and turns of the landscape in the garden, expressing the "far -reaching" of the "three far" painting methods of landscape painting.

"Actually, what is the most amazing Chinese culture is that we have retained enough diversity. And Westerners '" mathematics heads' and 'geometric heads' thinks people cannot organize such diversity together. "Culture Confidence is vividly reflected in Wang Yan.

"Modern Song Yun" also expresses a kind of imagination for the future-

Only when the Taiping is prosperous, you can cultivate the reservoir;

Wang Yan set his ambition: "We want to create a building that can represent the high level of this era, so that she can talk to the highest cultural peak in Chinese history!"

What a stirred saying!

Everyone was enthusiastic and eager to try. At this time, the most difficult part has just begun.

Hangzhou National Version Museum Wenrun Pavilion

"The high degree of design of the times, no quality of the times, everything is futile."

With full calculation, the construction period of the Hangzhou National Edition is only three years.

The highest rammed earth walls in the world's new projects are currently completed; the water concrete volume of the clear water concrete of the railway station in Xiong'an New District is far more than the largest railway station in Asia; Roofs ... In the limited time, Wang Ye was allowed to practice many "first" and many innovations, testing the courage, pattern of Zhejiang, and the motivation for cultural heritage and innovation.

Wang Yan concluded that the most sophisticated place of Chinese architecture lies in the "natural and real construction system" -the secondary treatment and decoration after completion with natural materials.

At the beginning of the project, he anchored the architectural base point of the Hangzhou National Edition.

This is almost a "unmanned area" in a professional field.

"On the one hand, all the structural computing, the quality of the material acceptance, etc. are based on non -natural materials; on the other hand, everyone is used to using 'packaging" to make buildings. "Wang Yan said. How to solve the "natural and true construction system"? Wang Yan's team has been thinking about more than 20 years, and has a lot of practical experience and achievements. However, due to various reasons, the design institutes, construction and other units participating in the construction are the first time with the Wang Yan team.

No experience means risk.

"There is no high quality of the time, and everything is futile." Wang Yan said.

Wang Yan once described the birth of a good building like this: "At the beginning, you embraced a very pure and ideal idea; afterwards, you must go through many dangers like the Long March. At the end, you also maintain the purity you initially ideal, without half a point loss, or even harder. "

The pursuit of perfection and excellence is a kind of attitude of a successful person. To solve the "experience problem", Wang Yan's approach was to do his best at the scene.

For example, for rammed earth walls.

This kind of rammed soil was deeply developed by Wang Yan's team and UNESCO in the French Institute of Land. It was made of pure ecological materials made of modern machinery. The ingredients were only soil, sand and water. Wang Yan led the team to test the rammed soil of the Hangzhou National Version Pavilion. Then he opened a training course at the construction site.

Try the workers again and try it until winter. There are almost little left. The masonry of the rammed earth requires that the surrounding temperature should not be too low. Wang Yan's team touched his scalp and proposed a new solution. "One side of the rammed soil wall is wearing a cotton jacket, and it is blown with a hot fan inside. We have to take the thermometer several times a day. The scene is really spectacular."

For example, to celadon screen fans.

In the past, celadon was used in daily vessels, and it was rare as the main building material. This time, Wang Yan not only used special celadon, but also burned into large -sized tablets. To this end, Wang Yan's team inspected the handmade Longquan kiln in Longquan. The family went to visit the various kiln mouths, and finally chose the three kiln mouths.

4 plum green base colors, 3 large kiln mouths, 12 hue, more than tens of thousands of porcelain pieces. Hundreds of porcelain screen fans are composed of hundreds of porcelain pieces. In order to organize the "uniform" organization, Wang Yan's team and Longquan local, owners, construction units, and supervision companies confirmed in writing documents again and again, and also made a concise number system for craftsmen to make the operation clear at a glance. The team also designed copper buckles for each porcelain to ensure that porcelain slices are complete when loading and unloading.

In addition, Wang Yan's team also conceived a control system to control more than 200 樘 screen fans. This attempt is unprecedented. The original single -piece mechanical fan originally designed by Zhejiang private enterprise Dafeng Industrial is 35 cm, which is too bulky. After several discussions, the thickness dropped to 22 cm. Wang Yan sighed: The technical level of Zhejiang private enterprises is really exquisite.

Another example, for steel structure.

The roof of the Hangzhou National Version uses steel and wood structure. Earlier, Wang Yan had done some small experiments, such as the rain shed of the Lin'an Museum. But this time he was going to challenge the 24 -meter large span, surpassing the theoretical basis of the existing domestic steel structure computing system. The design institute, which is responsible for cooperating, can't even draw the construction drawings. Wang Yan's team charged.

On the side of the south gate, a test field was even opened. All the previous practices were repeatedly pressed at the scene by 1: 1 until the requirements were reached.

The Hangzhou National Edition Museum is probably the project project that is by far the most "worrying".

For 3 years, Wang Yan went to the construction site almost every week to communicate and coordinate, supervise and teaching. In the last few months of the project, the frequency was even as high as daily. Some people describe that he has built a "Huangpu Military Academy" at the construction site.

With a rough statistics of design companies with practical architectural effects, they have more than 2,000 mails related to technical exchanges with Wang Yan's team. Generally, only a hundred copies of emails of similar -scale projects are needed.

Hangzhou National Version Pavilion Water Pavilion

"Culture is extremely fragile, and generations of generations need to work hard, cultivate, and care for inheritance."

The form of culture is diverse. It is an entity, a kind of thought, a set of ways and practices, and may also be a aesthetic that has never been unified.

Building also looks forward to conscience.

"Culture is not naturally there. Culture is extremely fragile. It requires generations and generations to repeatedly work hard, cultivate, and care for inheritance." Except for the loading version itself, Wang Yan believes that she can provide multiple paths for the inheritance of the Wenmai, thousands of paths, thousands Thousands of people.

For architectural professionals, he thought that it may be a construction system that can be used to learn ——

During the construction process, the project avoided several "super supports", including huge amounts of differences, and severe timeout periods. Later, they repeatedly carried out material samples, disassembling steps, and installation methods for debugging. "From the spatial pattern to the material and construction technology, I hope to leave more than one building, but a complete language to explore the new" French Construction Fa "in this era."

In the public, he thought that what he said should be beautiful, "the future of Chinese architecture will never abandon its past" -

Celadon, bronze, rammed soil; water pavilion, corridor, gardens; Longjing, pine trees, lotus in the pond, and watched from a certain perspective in the museum, the Song paintings that will meet unexpectedly -standing on the south of the main hall to the south of the pond Hope, the unsatisfactory Riyan exposed the lines of the rocks, and the mixed, mixed trees, and thatched grass were full of fun. On the southeast side, the mountain peaks are high and ethereal, such as Fan Kuan's "Mountains Traveling", on the west, the grass and trees on the top of the mountain, and the stone wall texture is like Li Tang's big ax to split. The buildings of the new era are composed of various "Chinese symbols", which itself condenses countless concrete cultures. If you work hard, people will realize some philosophical ideas of "the unity of heaven and man, the Taoism Nature". There will be some seemingly not too smooth designs in the museum. For example, a pillar suddenly obliquely obliquely obliquely leaving a small tree for growth space; the design team even changed three drawings to paint three times and Song paintings. The middle pole is similar to the pine tree.

And Yu Wang himself, the reporter, from his elaboration of his decades of architectural concepts, smelled the impact of a promotion of an era on a career and an industry -

"Before 2000, the architecture I made was white. After 2000, I started to be interested in traditional materials that are not reflective. At that time, China was demolished and built, and I went to recycle materials. In the past two years, China has begun to start in China. China has begun to start in these two years. We pay more and more attention to protection, and there are not so many materials recycling. We will re -organize the system. This time, we focus on creating a system of dialogue with civilization, such as the oriental charm of bamboo lines of water and concrete. Wood -grain clear water concrete, represents the conversation of two civilizations. "

Architecture is an ubiquitous art. Once it is open to a variety of social life, it will be transformed into aesthetic language to influence the human spiritual world.

At the end of the interview, Wang Yan and the reporter told such a story.

There is a water pavilion in the museum. It was the final building monomer that was completed throughout the project. It is small in scale, but it is very difficult to build. The bone is a traditional suspended wood structure with huge glass. At first glance, it is similar to the appearance of "Asia's largest Apple retail flagship store" by the West Lake in Hangzhou.

After the construction was completed, a claymith who participated in the construction looked at his "masterpiece" and his eyes were bright.

He said: "I think it is much more beautiful than the‘ Apple shop ’!”

Speaking with the reporter at this time, in the low sky, suddenly the mountain rain came, the wind sounded, and there was a momentum of "Wan Yan Songfeng Map".

Wang Yan's eyes are also brilliant: If this mudwatermaker is present, you should also feel loose wind.

Perhaps this is another meaning of the so -called "handed down project".

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