[Auto Culture] China's automobile industry starts -the construction memory of the first automobile manufacturer (below)

-Codor Press--

The car records the changes in the years and witnessed the innovation of the times. From ancient times to the present, from the aesthetics of the car and horse trip, to the free feelings of holding the steering wheel, the wisdom ingenuity condensed from the car design and manufacturing, or the fashion art and self -expression carried by the car ... Society is still personal, cars have completely changed our production and lifestyle, and car culture has really integrated into your life.

Time is a silent historic recorder who enters the car society and looks back at the development of my country's automotive industry from the aspects of automobile invention, design, production, and use. One by one has witnessed the development process of my country's economy, technology, culture, society and other fields. Let us go back to history together and explore the mark of automobile culture.

In this car culture, we returned to the original point of the starting point of China's automobile industry, reviewing the years of the construction of the first car manufacturer.

On July 15, 1953, the foundation of the first automobile manufacturing plant (hereinafter referred to as "FAW") opened the prelude to the "three -year construction of FAW". On this hot soil full of passion, with the support of the people across the country and the help of the Soviet Union, a climax was set off. How did they create a miracle from scratch?

Learn while drying, take off the "white hat"

At that time, most of the builders from the country, except for a minority engineering and technical personnel and technical workers, were mostly leading cadres, soldiers, and young students. Except for some technical experts returning from abroad, most people do not have large industrial production technology, management knowledge and practical experience, and have no concept of large -scale automobile production. In the face of this situation, the head of FAW Plant Rao Bin first seized the key issues, and tens of thousands of construction troops must master the construction skills. He proposed "one -sided construction, one -sided learning, taking off the 'white hat', and changing outside behavior."

FAW employee University

In early 1952, FAW established Changchun Automobile Technology School. In 1953, a staff education system for employee education systems such as leadership training classes, amateur cultural schools, Zhongxin Night School, Technical School, and driver schools were formed. The entire FAW is like a university. According to the principle of lacking and what to learn, it is targeted to organize learning. The factory hired Soviet education experts to formulate teaching plans and teach, and also transferred dozens of graduates from Tsinghua University, Shanghai Jiaotong University and other universities as teachers. The majority of the builders overcome the shortcomings that do not understand cars and do not build cars. They work hard at the construction site during the day and work hard at night. At that time, the education building was brightly lit every night. Under the organization of the trade union and the Communist Youth League, young workers also paired with senior technicians, set up teachers and apprentices, and taught them according to planning targets.

Professional technical manual prepared by the factory in the early stage

All departments, all levels, and majors of the entire factory, from the factory director to workers, from employees to family members into the learning campaign, realized the true "all -staff training". According to statistics in 1956, "the number of employees was 18,719 that year, and a total of 32,219 employees participating in various short -term technology and business training; There were 24,180 employees in the class; a total of 4,300 people participated in amateur culture learning, excluding personnel who commissioned foreign factories and school training. "

Learning training scene

The vast number of cadres and employees with the enthusiasm of building the first automobile manufacturer in New China, learning production technology and management knowledge like thirsty. The boom of all -staff learning has played an important role in the successful production of the factory, and also completed the mission of "getting out of the car, the talent, and the experience".

In 1955, FAW -in -law's post -study graduation certificate

Higgiov, general expert of the Soviet Union to build FAW -FAR, at the construction site

From 1953 to 1957, FAW sent 9 batches of 519 interns to the Soviet Union. The picture shows the party secretary and leader Li Lanqing of the last batch of interns to visit the Moscow Auto Show

National support, set off a climax of construction

FAW Construction was strongly supported by the country. The Organization Department of the Central Committee of the CPC Central Committee has mobilized a large number of cadres to support FAW from more than 20 provinces and cities in East China, Northeast China. The construction construction is based on the five divisions of the construction of the Ministry of Construction and Industry, which is transferred to the Ministry of Construction, Shanghai East China Construction Company, and the construction company of the Machinery Bureau of the Ministry of Industry of the Ministry of Industry, as well as a large number of young farmers transferred from Heilongjiang and Jilin. The installation power mainly includes Zhongnan Installation Company, the first electromechanical installation company of the first machine department, and the installation company in East China, Shenyang and other places.

National support of FAW Construction

Under the total progress of the unified construction factory, the installation progress of civil construction and equipment is formulated according to the work number and workshop, and the date of production preparation and commissioning and trial production is formulated according to parts. In order to complete the three -year completion and production task, the construction of civil construction, equipment installation, production preparations, cross -operation, and auxiliary workshops are used in the construction workshop construction. In the first year, the civil trial operation, concentrated power completed the foundation of wood workshops and forging workshops, and began to assisted the lifting of the workshop and assembly workshop. In the second year, on the basis of summing up experience, a large number of civil engineering projects were launched, and ten major factories and dozens of affiliated construction projects such as casting, forging, chassis, engines, and body were put into construction. Exploration of the experience of crossing the civil engineering operation. In the third year, based on the principles of the installation, installation and production of civil construction, comprehensive cross -comprehensive cross -comprehensive cross -intensive crossing, production preparation and auxiliary production at the same time, and exploring the experience of organizational production. In the first half of the fourth year, entered the whole preparations for construction.

In the first year of construction, the manuscript of the "First Automobile Manufacturing Factory Production Preparation Report" written by Meng Shaonong in 1953, the woodworking field and the thermal power plant were constructed. In 1954, he entered the peak of civil construction, and there were two or three hundred train skin every day. It was full of various specifications and models of materials and equipment. Installation projects began in 1955. The construction army from all over the country was busy and struggling to achieve the goal of "building Changchun Automobile Factory in three years". The construction army adhered to the rainy season construction, winter construction, and cross -construction, and adopted measures such as "Rain Wars" and "locomotive heating" and other measures to continuously speed up the construction speed.

Artificial frozen soil

The builders tied the steel bars

Winter construction adopts a locomotive steam heating

The popular "Site Songs", which was popular at that time, vividly depicts the scene of the night on the construction site: "Burning the spark of welding on the steel frame, thousands of bright lights hanging on the construction site." A total of 106 engineering plans for large -scale automobile manufacturers have a total of 106 engineering plans. Those who use the construction site as a battlefield and rush to the end of the time, even in the winter of minus 20 or thirty degrees. Feng Yunxiang, the former deputy general chief economist of FAW Group, recalled, "It is very difficult, but no one has fallen behind. At that time, there was a belief that to build the first automobile manufacturer in China and built the automotive factory. This is the simple and great ideal of creating the new China automotive industry. With common efforts, in the blank space of history, the factory buildings rose up.

FAW Construction Scenery

FAW Gas Station

Adjust the chassis workshop in production in 1955

The upcoming corner of the forging workshop building

Multi -line operations, factories and production preparations at the same time

Along with the rapid progress of civil construction and equipment installation projects on the construction site, heavy and complex production preparations are also being launched in an orderly manner. In order to control the progress of production preparations, according to the suggestions of Soviet experts, FAW adopted the "Equipment Installation Progress Table" and "Recording Form for Production Preparation", that is, the famous "Table 1" and "Table 2" of the factory at that time to ensure that it is guaranteed to ensure The production preparation work is carried out in an orderly manner.

In August 1953, Rao Bin and the Soviet Union's FAW -FAC Expert Higgiov's research work

The Soviet Union not only undertakes FAW's comprehensive design tasks, but also sent nearly 200 experts to guide the construction of civil construction, equipment installation and commissioning, etc.

At that time, 5,409 product drawings and technical materials provided by the Soviet Union, with 16,942 craftsmanship drawings. At that time, the main task of the Central Design Office of the Craft Department was to convert more than 100,000 workflows, non -standard drawings, and more than 2 million words of technical data provided by the Soviet Union into the Chinese version in a short period of time, and provided them to all units. The work of drawing and expansion once became a bottleneck for production preparation. In order to complete the copying supply of drawings with quality and quantitative manner, after short -term business technology training, more than 100 drawers are divided into 11 groups to carry out competitions for Bomoka. The drawer Yu Jin Ling led the group members to create the "Darge Water Drawing Method", which changed the traditional traction method of one person and one picture. Several procedures such as straight solid lines, solid lines, writing and other processes. After the promotion of this large assignment method, the drawing efficiency was increased by 50%.

1954 FAW Central Design Room Drawings

Technicians are transforming drawings

Production preparation is a complex and detailed project. There are 2,335 types of self -made automobile parts, involving 13 basic production workshops and more than 20 auxiliary production and service departments. The 409 collaborative products purchased out of the country are distributed in 16 cities and 46 factories across the country. There are also 16 major steel and 7 non -ferrous metals trial production and a large amount of raw materials and auxiliary materials. The total number of equipment at that time reached more than 8,000, of which 38.4%of large complex equipment came from the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. The remaining equipment is manufactured by 150 factories in 39 cities across the country. By September 1959, the needs of production production were basically guaranteed. There are 24,186 types of tools, of which 50%of the non -standard tools commission the Soviet Union, and 11,000 non -standard tools made in China.

Workers are assembling engines

The components required by the liberated license car, especially the main parts of the chassis, engine, body, etc., from the rough to the finished product are almost made by FAW, the attachments such as tires, bearing, glass, and electrical appliances are supplied by foreign factories. It accounted for about 30%of the cost of car at that time. From August 1955 to June 1956, there were 569 types of components of 1929 parts of each workshop basically ended. 13 workshops such as engines successively produced engines, rear axles, steeringrs, cars, etc.

From nothing, "liberation" brand car offline

On July 13, 1956, the first "Liberation" brand CA10 car was successfully trial. On the 14th, the first batch of "liberation" licensed cars slowly drove out of the assembly line. Since then, the history of my country cannot make vehicles in batches. On the same day, the first batch of 12 domestic "liberation" brands drove on the streets of Changchun and went to the provincial party committee and municipal party committee. Han Yulin, the former deputy director and chief engineer of FAW, recalled, "The red flags along the way, the ears and drums were noisy, and the roads were crowded with the masses. The couplet 'hopes to build a car factory as soon as possible, and the people of all people in the empty lanes are fighting for the liberation card'. "

On the morning of July 14, 1956, the third anniversary of the establishment of the factory and the representative meeting of advanced producers was held. After the meeting, the employees gathered from all directions to the Central Avenue, and watched the first batch of "Liberation" brand cars on July 15, 1956 "People's Daily" reported "First Automobile Manufacturing Factory Building"

On October 14, 1956, the National Acceptance Commission discussed and approved the FAW basic construction project appraisal. On October 15, 1956, FAW held a startup ceremony and officially transferred production. The employees of the entire factory were full of joy and put into the battle of production.

On October 15, 1956, FAW held a startup ceremony

FAW is completed, with a construction area of ​​702,000 square meters, of which the construction area of ​​the factory area is 382,000 square meters

Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, with the help of the country support and the Soviet Union, the builders of FAW have built a car manufacturer that can make a large number of production on the assembly line for only three years. The completion of FAW has laid the foundation for my country's industrialization development. In the era when the material was extremely scarce, it was the spirit of supporting them to build a self -reliance and hard work for the construction of New China. Through the old photos and witnesses, we seem to have returned to the years of passion and burning, and faintly saw the youthful youth, the ups and downs, and the hard and happy time ... Come, this spirit and mission inspire us to move forward!

Written article/Xiong Wei

Some photos are from the Internet

references

[1] Editorial Board of "History of Chinese Automobile Industry". Chinese Automobile Industry History [M]. Beijing: People's Transportation Press, 1996.7

[2] Propaganda Department of China's First Automobile Group Corporation. FAW Memory [M]. Changchun: Northeast Normal University Press, 2013.6

[3] Zheng Mingwu. Auto cradle: Changchun First Auto Manufacturing Factory Construction [M]. Changchun: Jilin Publishing Group Co., Ltd., 2009.12

[4] First Automobile Manufacturing Factory. The construction management experience of the construction of the first car manufacturer [M]. Beijing: Construction Engineering Press, 1956

[5] Cecilia Chun. In the 1950s, the Soviet Union's aid construction of the First Auto Manufacturer Overview [J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2004.7

- END -