[Past] upside down, keeping Kunqu in his life

China Well -off Network Exclusive Specialty

Text | "Well -off" · China Well -off reporter Yu Jingyuan

Gu Duzhen insisted that the better the traditional drama of Kunqu opera, the more Kunqu opera would not die. Preserving the traditional Kunqu opera repertoire enables Kunqu opera to be invincible and has the foundation of eternal value.

The inheritor Kunqu should be the art that lives on the stage. Gu Duzhen's obsession with Kunqu opera is on the stage. Photo confession/provided before the interview life

Not long ago, Kunqu Tai Dou Gu Duzhen died at the age of 94. He was born in 1928 and was the fifth generation of the "Crossing Cloud Tower" of Jiangnan's famous private library "Crossing Cloud Tower".

Speaking of Gu Duzhen, starting with his family. The glory of the Gu family started from Suzhou's famous garden -Yiyuan.

Yiyuan is the casual garden of the Gu family. 130 years ago, Gu Wenbin, the ancestor of the Gu family, gave birth to the heart of retreat. A garden was built in his hometown in Suzhou to settle in his later years. The name of the garden was "Yiyuan". This garden built in the late Qing Dynasty, because of the late construction time, was able to adopt the long gardens, became a fine product in Soviet -style gardens, and became the place where literati and elegant gathered.

Born in Suzhou Mingmen

During Gu Duzhen's childhood, Kunqu opera was very declining. However, in Suzhou, there are not a few people who love Kunqu opera, especially in the intellectual class, Kun opera is an important part of the amateur cultural life. In the past, scholars learned and sang drama were often regarded as "glory". Only learning to sing Kunqu is considered an elegant thing.

In Gu Duzhen's family, his father Gu Gongshuo and the three uncle all learned Kunqu. Almost all of them were Kunquan lovers. The "biography" generation of artists will also invite to teach Kunqu at home. Yiyuan also set up a mantra Tingqu Society, and members of the Qu Society regularly gather and sing. The most legendary "biography" of the Kunqu world, and the most prestigious literati, at the time, gathered in Yiyuan for clear singing and elegant activities.

In the eyes, Kunqu was deeply printed in Gu Duzhen's mind.

In 1937, the Anti -Japanese War broke out. Gu Duzhen's family went to the Shanghai Concession to take refuge. Gu Dujun, who is not yet, initiated the inter -school organization "Ming Society" ticketing agency that organized middle school students in the school and was elected as president. At that time, the drama was flourishing, and Gu Duzhen also participated in the students' amateur drama activities to promote the anti -Japanese and save the country.

In 1942, Gu Duzhen, a first grade of high school, was admitted to Shanghai Fine Arts Specialty School to study Western painting. For future livelihood considerations, and learned practical fine arts such as engraving stamps. Gu Duzhen, who was born in Shuxiangmen, was a childhood interest in painting. At the age of 8, he studied Chinese painting and engraving. He was praised in his childhood. However, you can use painting as an amateur hobby. Taking this with this meal, the family opposes it. Gu Duzhen's father's paintings are also well painted, but they do not want to be a painter. In the eyes of his father, there is no future to engage in this work. 4 brothers Gu Duzhen, the other three learned engineering, only he studied art.

After the victory of the Anti -Japanese War in 1945, Gu Dujun's family returned to Suzhou. He first tuned a year of high school courses and thought of Beijing's application for the Central Academy of Fine Arts, but he could not do it due to the outbreak of the liberation of the war. In 1946, the National Academy of Social Education moved from Sichuan to Suzhou and had an art education department. Gu Duzhen went to apply for the exam. The first volunteer was art, but he was admitted to the second volunteer drama. Later It was adjusted in the past. In Gu Duzhen's view, the role of drama inspiring the people is much stronger than art. Besides, the school is a public fee.

Actively participate in revolutionary work

At that time, the goal of the Suzhou National Academy of Social Education was through talents, performances, screenwriters, and directors, and even the history of western theater, the history of Chinese opera, stage art, theater management, etc. were all listed as compulsory courses. Gu Duzhen once said, "I have benefited, but because I have studied art, the teacher suggested that I work hard on stage art." Stage art has brought many benefits to Gu Duzhen's work in the future, including Kunqu opera work, including Kunqu opera work.

In 1947, Gu Duzhen secretly joined the Communist Party of China. Due to the needs of the revolution, at the end of 1948, the organization decided to let him take a suspension procedure from the Suzhou National Academy of Social Education to participate in the special propaganda team composed of 4 people. The tofu milk workshop, secret oil printing "Freshman" published in the name of the Federation of Underground Studies.

In 1955, the Suzhou Cultural Bureau was established, and the Cultural Federation and the Cultural Bureau jointly office. Gu Duzhen was the deputy director. In 1957, he participated in the preparation of the Suzhou Opera Research Office, served as Deputy Director, presided over the work, and managed the art work of the Sukun Opera Troupe in Jiangsu Province. In 1972, Gu Duzhen resumed his work and was transferred to the head of the Sukun Opera Troupe of Jiangsu Province. In March 1982, after Gu Duxuan's initiative, he reconstructed the Kun opera tranquility in Suzhou, and he presided over his incident to inherit and protect the cultural heritage of the Kun opera. In 1989, the Suzhou Kun opera opera institution cooperated with the Chinese Department of Suzhou University to establish a bachelor's degree in Chinese language and literature, recruiting 20 undergraduates and 1 Japanese graduate student. Teaching of curriculum. Gu Duzhen has been engaged in the research of Kun opera academic theory all year round. He presided over the selection of "New Editor of Rhymes", "Selection of Kunqu Opera" and "Kun opera wearable", and published two issues of "Kun opera art" magazine. Full of polishing the "Longevity Hall" directed by Gu Duzhen in 2004, attracting a piece of admiration on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. Photo confession/provided before the interview life

Since the 1950s, after decades of consistent with Kunqu opera, Gu Duzhen not only personally participated in the training of three -generation actors of "successor, Cheng, and Hong", but also had scripts and director processing of many traditional Kunqu opera dramas. The rescue of the older generation of Kun opera artists and the rescue of the image materials spared no effort.

Gu Duzhen said that he was engaged in Kunqu completely obeyed work, and then because of his sense of historical responsibility. He has been engaged in opera work since he served as Minister of Cultural Federation in Suzhou in 1951. In 1955, the Suzhou Cultural Bureau was established, and the Cultural Federation and the Cultural Bureau were office. The director was Democrat and old writer Fan Yanqiao. Gu Duzhen was the deputy director. He was not adapted to the official. He also hoped to engage in artistic practice and do something solid. Before 2 years, Gu Duzhen took the initiative to resign from the position of deputy director and participated in the preparation of the Suzhou Opera Research Office. He served as the deputy director and presided over the work.

"Conservative" inheritor of Kunqu opera

Kunqu should be the art that lives on the stage. Gu Duzhen's obsession with Kunqu opera is on the stage.

At the end of 1959, Gu Duzhen and others who cared about Kunqu were brewing Zhang Jiqing and others to establish the Nanjing Troupe of Jiangsu Province in Jiangsu Province. In -depth considerations are actually to rescue Kunqu opera, and finally determined "Dream" as Zhang Jiqing's "dowry". "Dream of Dreams" is a discount in "Rhako Mountain". This is a long time for the Kunqu opera stage. Gu Duzhen and other costs were a lot of settlement. Finally, he invited the "Chuan" character Zhu Chuanyu to teach this drama. Zhu Chuanzhen said at the time: "Selling the face of the Gu Gu, I taught it."

During the play, Gu Duzhen was watching as usual. "Until I know the whole drama, because I will do a little director processing as usual because of the end of the drama. The main reason is to help the actors deepen the understanding and help the actors find the inner basis from external actions. Advance the traditional performance, add and delete; it is also a bit of work in the whole drama's overallness and integrity. "Finally, Gu Duyu will also make artistic treatment of the mood that the whole drama should reflect.

However, all these cannot be ax, but what Gu Duxuan is called "sand skin polishing". It is successful to make the audience not see the traces of the director processing. It is also Gu Duzhen's consistent "conservative" style of Kunqu's tradition. During his lifetime, he said: "For" Dream of Dreams ", the director I did is to concentrate in both aspects: First, help the actor move towards the 'experience', because the actor's learning drama always starts from imitating the external figure, and it has to go to the experience. The next time you want to find the inner basis; the second is to strengthen the mood of dreams from the overall treatment. "

Later, "Dream of Dreams" became a signboard of Zhang Jiqing. "Dream of Dreams" and her "Dream" and "Finding Dreams" together achieved the elegance of Zhang Jiqing's "Zhang Sanmeng".

Gu Duzhen, who was born in drama, was actually the director most. In 2004, he returned to the director vigorously. The "Longevity Hall", which is "more traditional than tradition", attracted an admiration on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

Ye Jintian, who is the one who is in the dance and dancing, is very concerned at the beginning of the cooperation. He is afraid that his conservative will conflict with Ye Jintian, "but we just have a unified thinking after just chatting" -Coloning 50 % discounts into a merger into a merger into a 50 % discount into a merger. 28 % off, three days in a row. However, in this process, the script has not been changed, and three constant unchanged: music unchanged, band establishment unchanged, and the performance style unchanged. For clothing, Gu Duzhen's request is that the costumes on the ground maintained the original style, and the clothing of the heavenly play can be innovated.

Adhere to tradition, curve to save Kun

Gu Duzhen has always opposed the evaluation of Kunqu opera at the box office. He once said: "Many people think that Kunqu opera is due to the scarcity of the audience, and there is no audience without reform. Kunqu opera still has not changed. It is the society that has changed, and the living environment of Kunqu opera has changed. This is the essence of the problem. "

In 1984, Gu Duzhen retired from the Sukun Opera Troupe of Jiangsu Province and began to "save Kun", trying to follow the folk route to revitalize the Kun opera. Gu Duzhen said that he did this completely out of a sense of historical mission. In the 1980s, Gu Duzhen lived in the deep house of the house was bought by a factory. He donated all the income and set up the Kun opera Foundation. He originally planned to run an enterprise under the Kunqu Opera Foundation, hoping that the company would make money to support Kunqu opera. Although he failed to succeed, Gu Duyu's ambitions to guard Kunqu have never been put on hold. Gu Duzhen began to rescue the inheritance and rescue the traditional Kunqu opera drama that has not yet lost. "The heritage that really wants to rescue is the stage performance part of the actor with time art." Gu Duzhen once said, "The painter has died, painters are left, musicians have died, and the scores are left, but the actor died, but the performance was performed together with the performance The art is taken away, so it is necessary to rescue. The important way to rescue the performing arts is to learn from the next generation of actors to the previous generation of actors and copy the creative results of their predecessors. "In 2006, Kunqu was listed as the world's intangible culture After the heritage, more people joined the ranks of protecting Kunqu. However, the more universal claims are "reform" and "moving the knife" in Kunqu opera, which makes Gu Duzhen extremely anxious.

Gu Duzhen once bluntly said: "The value of Kunqu as a classical art lies in having so many excellent traditional repertoires. This is the advantage of Kunqu opera and the capital of Kun opera. Go, change the face of all -recognition, the inherent inherent things in Kunqu opera are weakened or even existing. As a classical art, the Kunqu opera will "depreciate ', and even" capital' to eclipse "bankruptcy '."

Gu Duxuan, who has always been called "conservative", did not pay attention to innovation? "I will also innovate. I learned Western art. In the 1960s, I also ranked in the Kunqu version of Jiao Yulu." He was very clear. At the cost of reducing its cultural value, the result is to eliminate itself in essence. Kunqu's own value stipulates that it should go against the trend and stick to the position. "

Until recent years, Gu Duzhen was still active on the front line of "inheritance and protecting the cultural heritage of Kunqu". "The Legend of the Red Mansion Dream", which is responsible for the artistic director and personally responsible for the script festival, was staged in the seventh China Kunma Festival in 2018. Gu Duzhen insisted that the better the traditional drama of Kunqu opera was preserved, the more Kunqu opera would not die. It is preserved in Kunqu opera's traditional drama that enables Kunqu opera to be invincible and has the foundation of eternal value.

("Well -off" · China Well -off Exclusive Draft)

This article was published in "Well -off" in late May 2022

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