Why can the blacksmith shop hide the dragon and crimp tiger?
Author:Look at the think tank Time:2022.07.31
I wonder if you noticed that many blacksmiths in the TV series are full of skills.
There is such a scene in "The Condor Heroes". Yang Guo and Cheng Ying and his party fled to the roadside blacksmith's shop to avoid Li Mochou. Blacksmith Feng Mofeng was the six disciples of the Peach Blossom Island by Huang Yaoshi. Li Mochou thought that the skill of the lame blacksmith in front of him was average.
Coincidentally, in European and American film and television works, there are more cases of crouching tigers and hidden dragons in the shops of blacksmith. Bornes are not just small characters nesting in the blacksmith's shop. They are likely to be a hero who changes the destiny of the country, and may even be a god.
For example, the blacksmith Balian in the movie "The Kingdom of the Heaven" led the soldiers to defend the city of Jerusalem. In the TV series "Game of Thrones", the ironmith was one of the seven gods.
In addition, we can often see the role of blacksmith in some games. As an important NPC (non -player role), blacksmiths always actively help players to create and upgrade their weapons.
So, what is the blacksmith industry in history? Why do the blacksmith shop in games and film and television always hide the dragon and crouch?
Wen | Yunchuan
This article is reproduced from the WeChat public account "National Human History" (ID: GJRWLS). The original first was released on June 20, 2022. The original title "Why is the blacksmith shop in the film and television drama always hid and crocked? ", Does not mean looking at the view of the think tank.
1
In mythology, blacksmiths have mysterious power
In the early days of human history, blacksmith was an extraordinary career. Greece, Nordic, and Chinese mythology have portrayed the image full of mysterious blacksmith.
In the ancient Greek mythology, Hephaestus, one of the twelve masters, is a blacksmith. He is the son of Zeus and Hera.
It is said that Hifostos was "ugly and black and hairy." The mother, Hila, saw the newborn baby looks so ugly and was very angry and threw him down the Olympus.
Poor Heffistos has since become a concubine. Seeing his mother, Hila didn't like him, the gods laughed at him again. Herfistos could only leave the Olympus Mountain, go to the craftsmanship of Etner volcanic, and fight with the assistant's eyes.
Although the blacksmith Hifostos was unhappy, he still got a high status with his dexterous hands. In mythology, Hifostos is a god of craftsman, and the god of Vulcan and forging.
He has created many powerful weapons and crafts for the gods. We are familiar with Zeus's Aegis, the Trident of the Poseidon Poseidon, the Golden Arrow and Silver Arrow of Love God Cupid, and the armor of Achilles in the Troy War. It is his hand. Every time Hefistos was forging equipment, every time he tap was accompanied by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The Roman Name of Hffordos is Vulcan, which means Volcano in Western language.
In Nordic mythology, although the blacksmith did not rise to the Lord God, they also had very superb skills. Among them, the most famous is Sindri and Brock brothers.
This pair of dwarf brothers is also the prototype of the blacksmith brothers of the game "God of War 4". In the mythology, the blacksmith brothers created a lot of powerful artifacts, such as the creation of a magic boat, which can be placed on the pocket after the folding of this ship, and it can carry the tens of thousands of horses. He made a magic hammer called "Mjollnir". The magic hammer is a symbol of the Thunder. As long as it is hit by this hammer, it will definitely die. This hammer has another magic. No matter how far it is thrown, the hammer thrown out will return to Thor Tror.
There are also some myths related to smelting metals in Chinese mythology, such as the generals and Mo Xie couples during the Spring and Autumn Period. Legend has it that the two of them and Mo Xie were the sword of Chu Wang (saying Wu Wang). Ganna "uses the iron essence of Wushan, the golden hero of Liuhe", but in the past in March, the sword was still not cast.
Mo Xie was worried that the couple would not be killed by the brutal Chu Wang, and they chose to sacrifice himself and jump into the sword furnace. Her body and the raw materials in the furnace turned into two swords, namely "Sword" and "Mo Xie Sword". Now, when people mention these two swords, they always think that these are two peerless swords.
Although the social status of blacksmiths in different mythical systems is different, in general, the blacksmiths still have high skills and unlimited creativity. The blacksmith in mythology can manipulate the fire and create magical equipment, which also makes the blacksmith character have some mysterious power.
2
Occupible occupation in the iron era
Mythical stories reflect the social life at that time to a certain extent. Blacks have a mysterious power and have a certain relationship with the backward iron smelting technology in ancient times.
For people in ancient times, iron smelting is a profound learning. First of all, the iron ore of the raw material for iron is not easy to find. In ancient times, most of the countries that mastered iron smelting technology were not iron ore, but meteorite. The meteorite is a meteorite with a high iron content, which comes from nature. This kind of iron raw material that landed in the sky makes the iron smelting process more mysterious.
Secondly, people do not know enough about fire in ancient times and it is difficult to control the fire. Compared with copper, the melting point of iron is much higher. How to control the heat and iron at high temperature is also a problem that people need to overcome at that time.
Because of this, the iron smelting technology of ancient times is secretly existence. According to archaeologists, in 1400 BC, the Herzi people in West Asia first mastered artificial iron smelting technology. Although Hezhi's iron smelting technology is regarded as confidential, with the flow of population, iron smelting technology has been introduced into other surrounding countries, such as Assyria. The Assyrian is fighting, and there are many iron mines in the territory. After learning the iron smelting technology, the Assyrian used it in the military field and invented weapons such as siege hammer and shields. The position of iron in the military war is increasingly important. Later, iron smelting technology spread out through Europe, Asia, and Africa. The mainstream view of the academic community believes that China's iron smelting technology comes from the West.
In short, after the popularity of iron, human civilization also officially entered the iron era after the stone era and bronze era.
With the continuous deepening of people's understanding of fire and metal minerals, the mysterious color of the blacksmith has begun to weaken. However, as the main producer of the Terrace Times, blacksmith still gained a certain position in society with craftsmanship.
Especially in the medieval Europe. For the frequent European society, blacksmith is an indispensable industry. Among the surnames of English countries, Smith (blacksmith) is still the largest surname, which is related to the more blacksmith practitioners in the iron era.
The earliest medieval craftsmen were slaves and the property of noble or king. Later, the status of the blacksmith gradually increased. The medieval blacksmith can be roughly divided into two types:
First, Zhuang servant blacksmith, usually live in the organization of lords and manor, provides necessary production equipment for farmers and lords, also has small pieces of land, enjoy the preferential treatment of the lord. After completing the work of the lord, you can sell industrial products or services to the outside world;
The other is an independent blacksmith that can take the blacksmith furnace in the society. It is more free and can hire production. Some scholars even call this some blacksmith as "capitalist". After the rise of the city, the blacksmith began to gather to the city and set up a guild organization with a legal status.
From the perspective of the industry itself, the threshold of the blacksmith industry is not low at all. If you want to be a qualified blacksmith, you have to master basic metal common sense and ironmaking technology. In the Middle Ages, European society used charcoal and iron.
The iron refined by charcoal can be divided into several categories of raw iron, cast iron and cooked iron. The raw iron contains high carbon and is relatively crispy. It needs further refinement; the cast iron is crispy and fragile, and it is not suitable for manufacturing tools and weapons; strip -shaped iron, that is, cooked iron, relatively soft and plastic, can be used to make horseshoe iron and light weapons.
Middle Ages European iron smelting technology is far worse than China. Most of the European blacksmith iron refining also uses one -step operation, that is, refined the iron from the iron ore in the furnace. Blacks need to observe the color of furnace fire and slag at all times. The scum is too dark, indicating that the temperature of the fire is not enough, and the iron ore failed to completely restore it.
In order to be decarburized and shaped, the blacksmiths need to repeatedly beat the raw iron. From cooked iron to the final iron, it often needs to go through multiple crafts such as burning, forging, and quenching. Therefore, the blacksmith is a real artist.
In addition, refining iron and forging iron work requires not only experience, but also physical strength. After all, only the powerful master can wave the hammer and complete the forging work. In the medieval Europe, blacksmiths living in cities will choose to hire a group of apprentices to create iron.
3
"Dragon Tiger" in the Blacksmith's shop
During the iron smelting process, many blacksmiths studied iron smelting technology. Their innovation achievements have had a huge impact on productivity reforms and even world development. From this perspective, some "Dragon Tigers" have indeed come out of the blacksmith shop.
For example, in 1709, the blacksmith Abraham Darby invented the method of making raw iron in coal in the coal valley. The innovation of coke iron purification technology has laid the foundation for the large number of modern steel production.
The coal valley near Birmingham is also known as the "birthplace of the industrial revolution" and has the construction of the Industrial Revolution Museum.
At the same time, the blacksmith Thomas Newcomen invented the steam engine of the single piston. The steam engine of the Newcomen uses the steam as the driving force to hit the water out of the mine. Later, many engineers continued to improve on the basis of the Newkomen steam engine. The invention of the steam engine provides convenient motivation for the industrial revolution.
Another example is the German Krupp company developed from the blacksmith. Krupp has had a huge impact on the modern Chinese military industry. Krupp was just a small blacksmith shop at first. After constant accumulation of capital, the blacksmith shop gradually grew into a large steel company, and later began to make guns.
Krupp later made tank steel. Compared with ordinary steel, tank steel is more tough and low -carbon content. It is an excellent material for making artillery. The famous Krupp cannon is a boring steel cannon made of tank steel, which has excellent performance. During the battle, Germany used the artillery produced by Krupp to win the French army. The foundation of the German unity was established. The Krupp cannon was also famous.
Li Hongzhang is also a "Krupp Grand Fan". In 1866, Li Hongzhang visited Krupp. After returning to China, Li Hongzhang bought 328 cannons of various calibers from Krupp, and was shot in the turrets such as Dagukou and Beitangshan Customs.
In 1877, the Huai Army of Li Hongzhang had been equipped with 19 artillery battalions and 114 Karrupp cannons. Li Hongzhang also sent students to study artillery and engineering engineering technology at the Kruff Factory. In the late Qing Dynasty, most of the cannons from south to north on the coastline of China were the Krupp cannons. Who would have thought that the small blacksmith shop could be transformed into a gun factory, and even produced weapons and equipment that affected the destiny of the country. After the industrial revolution, the machine gradually replaced the handicrafts. The blacksmiths, which had had a significant impact on people's production and life, also silently retreated to the scenes of the historical stage. It seems that people's memories of the blacksmith also seem to leave only a series of "Ding Ding Dang" iron sounds.
Next time in movies or games, if you encounter blacksmiths again, whether they are creative craftsmanship, heroes who change their historical direction, or hard -working iron people, they need not be surprised. After all, these images reflect some characteristics of the blacksmith group.
The "dragon tiger" hidden in the blacksmith shop does not refer to a person, but refers to those blacksmith groups with creativity, continuous advancement and hard work.
Reference materials:
[1] Zheng Guoping: "2300 common sense of Greek mythology that Chinese people must know", ten -volume publishing company, 2012.
[2] He Xianwu, editor -in -chief of Wang Qiuhua: "Chinese Cultural Relics and Archeology Dictionary", Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House, 1993.
[3] Liu Xuexun: "New Ceremony of the Origin of the Surgery of China Railway", which is contained in Zhu Yuqi, editor -in -chief of Meng Xianshi: "Exploring the Western Region Civilization [4] Collection of Mr. Wang Binghua's 80th birthday."
[5] Xu Hao: "Research on Industrial and Commercial and Commerce in Middle Ages", life · Reading · Xinzhi Sanlian Bookstore, 2018.
[6] (Sunday) Zhongshan Xiutaro: "Getting started of Technical History", Shandong Education Press, 2015
[7] Zhang Shesheng: "Old Beijing Character Museum Li Hongzhang Old Shadow", Beijing Daily Press, 2018.
[8] Wu Jintong: "Technical Change of the British Iron Reining Industry (1700-1815)", a master's degree in Nanjing University, 2013.
[9] Huang Yinyin: "Blacksmith", in the "World Culture Symbol Dictionary", Hunan Literature and Art Publishing House, 1992.
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