Facing the disadvantages of calligraphy criticism 丨 Talking from Sun Guoting's Calligraphy Criticism

"I taste my thoughts, which means that it is very good, and the person who knows it will be instructed. Qiaoli has no purpose; I heard; Lost; the good pseudo -seeing pseudo, like Ye Gong's fear.

Sun Guoting's "Book Book" is regarded by the book writers as the most important calligraphy theory. The above paragraphs come from it, but this passage is often ignored. We might as well look at the original intention of the "Book of Books" from Sun's.

▲ Partial part of Sun Guoting's "Book Book"

Japanese scholar Nakada Yongjiro said in the book "History of Chinese Calligraphy Theory" that during the Taizong to the Wu Dynasty, Wang Xizhi was pushed as the ideal person in the forest. Why is he excellent and excellent? What is the theoretical basis? There were few people explained clearly before Sun Guoting, which caused the blind obedience of many scholars. I do n’t know how to understand Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, and I do n’t know what to learn from Wang Xizhi. Sun Guoting felt this, and carefully wrote "Book Book", hoping to help others understand the true meaning of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy. However, the above text is the same as the content of the "Book Book", which will inevitably be marginalized.

Sun Guoting discussed all aspects of calligraphy learning from the perspective of evaluation, book body, and technique, and believed that calligraphy must reach the realm of "not excitement, self -far away", "from the heart, not overwhelming". Wang Xizhi's calligraphy did this, so it was pushed to the first. Sun Guoting described his book ideas as an example of Wang Xizhi as an example, and was regarded as Guizhen by future generations. In addition, Sun's composition with a bodied composition, gorgeous, read it in a hurry, making the scholars often intoxicated. "Different and disadvantages" and so on. However, the text cited by the text is unpredictable. Literally, it only expresses Sun Guoting's dissatisfaction with his own encounter. In comparison of "Books", the multi -faceted discussions of scholars, techniques, books, and creation seem to be worthless.

In -depth thinking that this text can be known that Sun's purpose is to use his own experience to criticize the atmosphere of calligraphy at the time, and maybe he should be regarded as a criticism of calligraphy criticism. Sun Guoting showed a book as a book, hoping to get the comments from the middle, but these people dismissed it. The fake predecessor's name was old, but he was well received, making Sun's feelings that it was difficult to find. We can roughly find that Sun's main ridicule: first, elaborate books, and people who are shallow by books; the other is that some people are high -end and sarcasm at will; the third is that as long as it is the ancient work, it is good to be good. The fourth is to follow others blindly.

Calligraphy has developed into the Tang Dynasty, and calligraphy criticism has become an important part of calligraphy art activities.

"Feng's Seeing News" records a anecdote between Li Yan and Xiao Cheng. Li Yan's books are well -known, but in order to become famous in the world, but he is obsessed with the bad habits of "Guigu and the present", and he disdains Xiao Cheng's calligraphy. Xiao's little trick, the true trace of the right army, Li Yan saw it, exclaimed "I haven't seen it in my life." Until the truth of the defendant, he changed his attitude again and said "not good", and guests in the seat have been following Li Yan's remarks. It is necessary to say that Li Yan's calligraphy level should be known to Xiao Cheng's calligraphy. Besides, Xiao Cheng's imitation of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy can be fake and true, so there is no problem of extraordinary evaluation. This ridiculous evaluation standard from the elite has become a pathological atmosphere, which has led to the phenomenon of "people and clouds" in the face of authority.

The bad habits of "Guigu and Chest" are full of many aspects such as calligraphy criticism, learning, and book style. It is precisely because this phenomenon is generally in the whole society, which has led to the prevalence of fake wind, which has increased the difficulty of calligraphy appraisal and criticism in future generations. For example, the "Mid -Autumn Festival Post", which has always been considered Wang Xianzhi's true trace, is actually written for Mi Yan, and "Huzhou Post", which is named Yan Zhenqing, has also been identified as the book of Mi Yan. Many research on Mi Yan showed that at that time, the wind of ancient times was full of ancient winds, and the phenomenon of "Guigu and the present" abound. Mi Yan has always been proud of his talents. A "bun" that is dissatisfied with the atmosphere of calligraphy at that time.

With the change of the dynasty, this phenomenon has not improved well. Although learning from the ancients is a necessary way, it is accompanied by blind "Chonggu", especially entering the Qing Dynasty. The painting style was appreciated by the royal family, but the painting works have completely lost their self, becoming the vassal of painting in the former dynasty, and even the Tang Dynasty or the Song Dynasty. Scholars in the field of fine arts have criticized this behavior more than once, calling it "the least debate." At the same time, the painting of "Four Monks" is difficult to enter the mainstream. Obviously, only "antique" at that time would be sought after, and it was better than the "Guigu Ji" criticized with Sun's criticism.

Based on the above cases, we found that the phenomenon of Sun's criticism is intertwined. The remarks of the wealthy people have obvious "instigating". Most of the ordinary people climb and follow them blindly. In addition, a large number of people who do not know how to pretend and rely on the old selling and selling the old people says that calligraphy criticism is in a embarrassing situation. exist.

It is true that calligraphy criticism is a necessary condition for the art of calligraphy to move forward, and even the direction of calligraphy. The healthy development of calligraphy criticism can promote the development of calligraphy art, and the lack of calligraphy criticism will hinder the development of calligraphy art. Over time, calligraphy reviews from calligraphy, man, and nature have entered the discussion of the style and techniques of similarity, which ushered in a new situation of calligraphy criticism. It does not mean that the disadvantages of the criticism of Sun's criticism disappear, but in addition to the four phenomena described earlier, due to the changes in the evaluation method, a new criticism is accompanied. When Kang Youwei wrote "Guangyi Boat Double 楫" and evaluated the inscriptions of the past, a lot of experienced vocabulary, such as "Bid Body, Ji Xing Qingqing", "Wu Yi Children, Super Jun", etc., and did not comment on the calligraphy in calligraphy. Specific issues such as style and technique. Although this method is understandable, understanding that these vocabulary needs to be based on a certain literary literacy and calligraphy, in order to distinguish the monument style from many similar rhetoric pictures. Kang Youwei had a high reputation at that time, and many expressions of the expression of "Guangyi Boat Double" expression as a reference, resulting in the calligraphy criticism of calligraphy gradually moving towards similar feelings of vocabulary. work. Especially when people with social influence are also using such criticisms, many people blindly follow and lose their judgment. In addition, the relationship between calligraphy and commodity economy is becoming increasingly closer, and calligraphy criticism has become more and more common, which has led to the loss of calligraphy in calligraphy.

In short, there are many problems in the development process of calligraphy criticisms, such as extraordinary and random reviews, leaning on the elderly, randomly sarcastic, blindly admiring the ancients, thick ancient and thin today, the authority of foolish faith, the clouds of people, the words of the words, the ambiguous power, the charm of power, the loss of fairness, etc. Essence Today, these problems have not been solved well, and some have become a factor that hinders the development of calligraphy art. Many people choose to avoid it, which causes them to "pass from generation to generation." However, we have to wake up: If today's calligraphy practitioners continue to turn a blind eye to this, they will only spread the disadvantages of calligraphy criticism, left and right calligraphy aesthetic consciousness, and eventually bring devastating blows to the traditional art of calligraphy.

July 31, 2022 "China Culture News"

The 3rd version published a special report

"Facing Calligraphy Criticism"

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Responsible editor: Zhang Haining

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