There are many stories in furnaces

On July 4th, the newspaper published the article "Furnace: Create Commercial Legend on Sichuan -Tibet Line" in the 6th version. Comb. In fact, in the history of 5 or six hundred years, there are still many topics and stories about furnaces scattered in the corners of the years--

Recently, the reporter walked into this history again, looking for the descendants of researchers and furnaces, and listened to their legendary stories that happened in that era.

In the descendants of these researchers and furnaces, Li Shaodong, descendants of the furnaces living in Chengdu, have devoted themselves to the Tibetan Shaanxi merchants for more than ten years. The business research team visited and excavated the brilliant deeds of Shaanxi businessmen for thousands of years; Han Yonghong, deputy dean of the Shaanxi Academy of Literature, once re -taken Sichuan -Tibet business road with writer Ye Guangzheng and experienced the "Zhang family brother" to Sichuan hundreds of years ago to Sichuan. The course of Kangding business; there are also scholars who insist on researching and calling for the protection of furnaces, Shi Xiaobo, the editor -in -chief of the village of the Holy Niu East, and Hang Yan, the descendant of the furnace.

"Flame translation"

Break the old rules of Tibetan and Han unmarried

The reason why the fans can stand in the Sichuan -Tibet area, in addition to relying on hardships, loyalty, loyalty, and honesty, but also have the ability to learn continuously. The first step is to learn Tibetan language. They first invited the "Tong Di" teaching of the two Tibetan dialects. In order to popularize Tibetan language in Shaanxi Gang, Tibetan Readers in Tibetan Chinese are specially written, such as Tibetan Reading, such as Lang, the earth called Sat, the sun is Nima, and the moon is Dawa ... Everyone recites it. ,practice.

It is rumored that Shaanxi furnaces arrived in the area of ​​Batang, and they basically worked for people. They did some hard work such as carpenters, blacksmiths, and silver artists, and were often looked down on. The local toast (local chief) does not allow Tibetans to marry them. Over time, the furnaces made money through hard struggle, improved their lives, built the house, and even bought the land. Tusi has gradually changed their views on these furnaces.

There is a fan named Yang Su, with a high degree of culture, smart, and very talented. He is proficient in Tibetan and is also a first -class Tibetan Chinese translation. Once, the Qing government asked the Tusi in charge of Batang to the Beijing Dynasty. The Tusi could not go for some reason. Yang Su did not humiliate his mission. When he arrived in Beijing, he not only submitted a detailed report of the situation of Batang, but also received the emperor alone. The emperor was very satisfied with Batang's report, so he gave the appointment to the two toasts in charge of Batang, which was a large camp official and the second camp official, and a lot of gold and silver treasures were rewarded. After Yang Su returned to Batang, the two toasts naturally overjoyed. The camp officials gave her more than 100 acres of land to Yang Su, and the noble La Zongba, who ranked third in Batang, also married her daughter to Yang Su's son. Since then, the rules of Tibetan and Han have been unmarried.

The Tibetan and Hantong marriage brought more integration to the people of the two ethnic groups, which also facilitated trade activities. Coupled with the flexible and diverse operation methods of the furnace, and it talks about credit, it has won a high reputation among Tibetans.

5 pieces of silver balls and 6 paintings

The furnace couple "Code Letter" pass love

Han Jihong said that it is not easy for the fancayers to do business in foreign classics. They are extremely difficult to engage in business activities on the Sichuan -Tibet line -long roads, rugged and complex terrain, changing climate, ancient transportation methods ... Every pair of pairs of pairs They are all challenges, and when they return to their hometown, they become a luxury of them. Many furnaces travel on this Sichuan -Tibet line all year round. The thoughts of their hometown and wives and children are always accompanied by them. There are many furnaces. Go to your hometown.

There is a "mountains of Shaanxi Merchants" outside Batang City, which commemorates the dedication of the furnace of the furnace on the Sichuan -Tibet line and their contributions. According to Li Gang, a Shaanxi businessman named Zhang, who was surnamed Zhang, pulled yaks to sell tea in this mountain. Due to the difficult and lonely road, he often sang a ballad on the mountain road "The Well". Sing. Later, the Shaanxi merchant was killed in an avalanche. In order to commemorate him, the locals named the mountain "the mountain of Shaanxi merchants". Although the name sounds a bit romantic, it is not easy to sell tea. Every year when you turn over the snowy mountains, there will always be someone falling down -falling down the cliff and falling into the snow cave, the wind blows to the wind ... There is a 10,000 people outside Kangding City. Pit, the couplet of the mountain gate reads: "The eyes are full of tears of artemisia, and the hometown of the hometown." At a glance, it was known that it was Guanzhong's "hometown sound". , It is sour!

The hometown is about 3,000 miles from Kangding, the mountain is high, and the traffic is inconvenient. If you walk, you usually take more than 70 days in a single trip. The furnaces generally leave home at the age of 16 and 7, and basically 10 years to return home. At that time, the information between the two places was not easy. For these furnaces, it was really "family books reached thousands of money."

At that time, people's cultural level was generally not high, and many long -distance furnaces were difficult to connect with their families! If you write a letter, the letter may be expressed in difficulties, and I am afraid I can't understand it. As a result, in Batang County and Wanhuo County, there is a legend of such an interesting "cryptic letter" of "instead".

It is said that there is a furnace, because they can't return home all year round, but the earnings they earn and their own situation need to tell the family, and the wife does not have culture and does not know the text. What should I do? He thought hard and thought about it, and finally thought of a way to let a fellow of home returned home to his home with 5 silver circles and 6 paintings. I ca n’t understand the painting of the fellow, but the wife of this furnace knows the meaning of it: the first painting has 7 ducks, which means "wife--"; Only a goose pulled a dead elephant, meaning "I want to die (I, I, the Shaanxi dialect E)"; the third painting is to walk in a house alone, meaning "someone goes back"; Four paintings have 5 flies on one palm of one hand, meaning "5 pieces of silver round"; the fifth painting is painted with flowers and trees, which means "when the spring flowers bloom"; A man with an old umbrella walking to the house means "the old Shaanxi (Shaanxi and Umbrella homophonic) go home." The story of 5 silver rounds and 6 paintings is simple and romantic, reflecting the wisdom and touching couple of the furnace.

Xinyi White Horse

The business name is buried with "human gift"

During the Kangding commercial activities during the Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, Shaanxi merchants occupied the dominant position. Among the many business names they opened, "Detaihe" is a representative business name that cannot be bypassed. It opened from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty and closed before liberation. It has a history of operation of about 180 years. In order to promote the economic and cultural exchanges between the Han and Tibetan nations, "Detaihe" has played a very positive and important role, and at the same time, it has also passed on many popular stories. Among them, the most praise is the "white horse legend".

This story is no longer available in what year and month. It is said that "Detaihe" has an apprentice named He. He is young and courageous. He often rides a white steed and travels between Kangding to Ganzi. Based on the calculation of the horse station at that time, it took about fourteen or five days to go back and forth from Kangding to Ganzi, and the horse could run for a whole process in just seven or eight days. The dazzling white horse became the "star" in the business name at that time. It made the business information spiritual, and the valuable items were transported quickly, and they made great contributions to the "Detaihe" business.

Once, "Dutaihe" Ganzi Branch sent a clerk to carry silver two, riding this white horse back to Kangding, and encountered robbers (local Tibetan) robbery on the way. When the clerk was forced to stop, when he dismounted, he was in a hurry, and he was in a hurry, and he drew a whip of the white horse secretly. The white horse seemed to be in love, and she rushed away with her silver. The robbers found that there was nothing on the clerk who was robbed. After a few days, the clerk was released. And Bai Ma returned to the General Commercial Corporation of Kangding with Silver Two and safely, and the entire business name was shocked. After surprise, everyone was very fortunate, because people and wealth were kept.

This White Horse has been in the business name for more than 20 years, and has been hundreds of times between Kangding and Ganzi. The business name loves it very much. Later, the white horse died in the arrow furnace, and he regretted it. The "Detaihe" south and Song two people felt that they had made a lot of efforts to make a business name. To recognize the credit of the white horse, they specially customized the coffin for it and buried the white horse on Kangdingzi's ear slope. At that time, more than a dozen people in the full number were funeral, and the scene was very tragic.

The "White Horse Legend" has become a long -lasting story between the Shaanxi merchants. Today, it is still often mentioned by the Ganzi people.

"Hehe Erxian"

"Help" the big business company

There is another legendary version of the "Development History" of the "Detaihe" business. This version is related to the two fairy. This is the story of "Hehe Erxian" to help "De Taihe".

It turned out that "Detaihe" set up a store number in Kangding, because there was no modern bank savings and credit business at the time, so past merchants were often used to sending the current silver in the business account. Due to the good reputation of "Detaihe", many past merchants existing the two silver. On the 11th of the first month of a certain year, there was a guest with a surname He and a surname Hao who stored one thousand silver on the title. After that, he went back and never had a message. Everyone thinks that the two may suffer injuries, natural disasters or be killed by robbers.

In the early days of entrepreneurship, adding one thousand and two silver capital, which has naturally helped the business of "Detaihe", which has naturally helped the business. Since then, the business of the business is booming. In order to commemorate and thank He and Hao, the two owners of the South and Songs also performed myths by the two guests, and they also developed myths. Sending. In folk culture, "Hehe Erxian" is a monk with a smiley and unkempt, a lotus leaf lotus, a homophonic "harmony"; one hand holds a treasure box, the homophonic "combined". The unkempt "Hehe Erxian" represents people's beautiful wishes, showing that the newcomers are good for a century and their family unity and harmony.

Since then, "Hehe Erxian" has become the "mascot" of "De Taihe". Most of the days when Shaanxi merchants worship the God of Wealth are the ninth day of the first month, and "Detaihe" is the god of wealth on the 11th of the first month. They specifically invited someone to draw a "Hehe Erxian" who held Yuanbao in the middle hall, worshiping the morning and evening incense lanterns. Later, a rule gradually formed: Eleven of the first month of each year, the Han and Tibetan commerce will worship the musk on the table, open the next day, watch the goods as a price, and the price from "Detaihe" is always slightly slightly slightly higher than the market price. High Point.

According to the descendants of the owner of "Detaihe", after liberation, he also saw this portrait at the home of Bei Daozhuang. The portrait was about two meters high and one meter wide. Later, he was unfortunately destroyed.

Legendary stove

The big calligrapher wrote the epitaph of epitaphs for him "'De Taihe' Shanghai Sub -Nigato Ning Yu is also a legend. Inside, it is deeply inferior to ', and then go to Greater Shanghai to open up foreign -related business, it is worth writing. "Li Shaodong's impression of the legendary furnace Ningyu was very deep.

Ning Yu, the word Pei Qing, was born in the seven years of Tongzhi (1868) in Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. He is now a native of Zhang Liangzhai, Qindu Street, Qinyi District, Xi'an City. Ning Yu was very smart and agile when he was a child. Because of the poor family, he went to the county's business number at a young age. At that time, the requirements for the workers were very high. Not only did they have to play boxing, they also read four books and five classics. The workmanship starts from the kitchen, and it is not easy to remove the door panel for two or three years to remove the door panel. One happened later, which can be said to completely change Ning Yu's life. The silver was lost in the business, and someone framed Ning Yu stole. He was half -dead by the owner. Although he later proved his innocence, Ning Yu vowed to go to the arrow furnace to be a furnace, and never earned money and never returned home. After entering the "Detaihe" company at the age of 20, he learned the musk industry. Ning Yu quickly stood out and was deeply loved and focused on the shopkeeper.

The work of acquiring musk is very hard. Ning Yu is single to enter the grassland alone, deeper into a boring place, does not fear the cold, and walks thousands of miles away. It can not be returned in four or five years. Despite being so difficult, he still went to the grassland twice, which was respected by the people around him.

Because of his intelligence and suffering, Ning Yu was sent to Shanghai to create a business by Dongjia, and he still did musk business. When initially entrepreneurial, it was known in the industry for authenticity. At that time, selling musk a pound can get three hundred and two silver. After doing the same behavior, he made more money and wanted to raise the price, but he was afraid that Ning Yu would disrupt the plan, so he repeatedly advised him to increase the price together. Ning Yu agreed on the surface, and it was still sold at the original price in private. Because he is honest and credible, not only Chinese businessmen, but also foreign businessmen are willing to cooperate with him. At the age of thirty -one, he was already famous in the number.

In Shanghai, Ning Yu was prestigious in the industry with dare to tell the truth. At that time, in the Shanghai Department Store industry, musk's taxes accounted for only one -third of the taxes of other industries, and the taxpayers also wanted to unify the musk tax and other taxes. Ning Yu resolutely disagreed. He was struggling according to the reason that this incident was gone, and his colleagues were more respectful and admired by Ning Yu.

Ning Yu is rich and does not forget the folks. He is happy and has always supported the development of his hometown. Zhang Liangzhai Village has the Guandi Temple created during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty in the east of the Ming Dynasty. In 1909, Ning Yu raised funds for renovation and built two new rooms. Ning Yu knows that learning is the most important. He specially purchased a lot of books from Shanghai and distributed to poor scholars and children in the countryside to urge and encourage everyone to read.

In 1919, Ning Yu returned to her hometown. In 1920, the "Detaihe" owner also appointed Ning Yu to take over as the main shopkeeper. Soon, Ning Yu noticed that the business of "Detaihe" was increasingly declining, so he resigned from the owner. It is said that he then came to Shanghai and obtained huge profits due to a musk business. Then he returned to his hometown to set up four hectares and built three five -way village courtyard. On July 24, 1926, Ning Yu died of illness at the age of 58. His epitaph wrote and wrote a calligrapher Song Bolu.

Ning Yu is excellent, and his wife, Sun Peide, is also smart and courageous, and is also very commercial. She personally handled housework, arranged production directly, and managed the whole family life. The Ning family has nearly 300 acres of cultivated land, about 100 acres of rental land, 15 long -term workers each year, 4 maids, and also opened a "three more virtues" grocery stores in Qindu Town. Sun Peide cooperated with the steward, the head (long worker) and the shopkeeper to manage the shops, fields, and families in order. Moreover, she has a good family and taught her son. Both sons and two nephews are successful. Therefore, the government has been exempted from their "rich households" for three consecutive years. In 1930, the sky was drought and the famine, and Sun Peide took out twenty stone rice to relieve the poor. At that time, the government also rewarded her the "Second Golden Charter". In 1933, the "Rebellion County Chronicle", the comments of "husband and righteous woman, Ning's family" were used to evaluate her.

Witch to calligraphy and painting

Leave how much sigh

There are two people who are almost the same period as Ning Yu. The old things about their paintings and celebrities are still sighing now.

In 1912, Cui Minghuan (now Niu Dongzhongbao, Niodongzhong, Lianyi District, Xi'an, Xi'an) after 1912, followed by Ning Yu. He was good at painting, calligraphy, and loved collection. He is good at operating and understands Japanese. He once made business in Southeast Asia and Japan, and the exports of the musk of his business name were among the best in Shanghai, known as "Cui Siye". He often contacted friends in the calligraphy and painting industry and the gentry in Shaanxi to drink tea and communicate on the number, and collected many calligraphy and paintings given by famous streams. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, he sent 9 boxes of calligraphy and painting from Shanghai from Shanghai, stored in Yongmao Essential Shop in Qindu Town, and was later robbed. Some of the remaining calligraphy and painting, some gifts, some of them were sold for food during the difficulties of the 1960s, and some were paid in the turmoil age. Among them, there are Zhang Daqian's paintings, including the calligraphy works in the right Ren, including Zhou Baisheng (also known as Tong, Jiangsu Changzhou, are good at gongbi painting costume figure paintings, watercolor rubbing and brushwork. Four screens of landscape flowers painted by Mengshu Pei.

Another man named Yang Yisan (now native of Huangdui Village, Yiyi District, Xi'an). He has been a total number of shopkeepers in "De Taihe" for more than forty years. "Lord", died in 2000 at the age of 105. In the life of Yang Yisan, there are many interesting and moving stories. Here I tell a period of "Qingming Shanghe Tu", which he bought the Ming Dynasty painting master Qiu Ying, and then lost his experience. One day in 1939, Qiu Wenbin, the owner of Kangding Qiu Family Guozhuang, wanted to sell it to Yang Yisan. After Yang Zhan opened it, he found that it was the "Qingming Shanghe Tu" painted by Qiu Ying. Qiu Ying is a master of copying ancient paintings. The Ji Ying is realistic and the world is famous. Yang Yisan fell in love at first sight. Qiu Wenbin asked for two hundred oceans. Yang Yi asked Mr. account room to pay for three or two words, and then hung the painting in the chamber of the business. It can be seen that his love for this painting.

In 1944, Zhang Daqian traveled to Kangding and lived in the house of Zhang Lotian, manager of Kangzang Trading Company. One day, someone was about Zhang Daqian to the hall of Yang Yisan's business. After arriving, Zhang Daqian touched the beard for more than an hour, and praised the painting. After seven or eight days, Zhang Daqian came to Yang Yisan's business name again, and it took a long time before the painting. Before Zhang Daqian left Kangding, he presented Yang Yi three lotus maps, and went to "Qingming Shanghe Tu" for a while.

Later, Yang Yisan always treasured this painting. After liberation, due to the difficulty of family, Yang Yisan took this painting to Chengdu to sell it. I did not expect that the buyer only opened the price of 50 yuan, and he returned angrily. During the turmoil, Yang Yisan put this painting in his friend's house. After many years, I would like to dedicate this to the country. Unexpectedly, this painting has been lost. Yang Yisan looked around, but the "Qingming Shanghe Tu" painted by Qiu Ying was still missing.

In the late 1980s, Yang Yisan, in his 90s, met with the famous national historian and old friend Ren Naiqiang. The two were very happy. When talking about the loss of "Qingming Shanghe Tu", Mr. Ren Naiqiang called: unfortunately! pity! This is the national treasure, and it is indeed a big loss.

Supply: Zhang Xiao, a reporter from Xi'an Newspaper All Media

Illustrate Wang Jincheng

Edit: Li Xiaotian ｜ Review: Siyuan

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