Cultural Relics Association Talk · Warring States Period ｜ Golden Beast Town: Look at the mutual learning of civilization more than 2000 years ago

The "Cultural Relics Association Talk" series will take you for thousands of years, watching the collections of the Nanjing Museum's collections from the Warring States Period to the Qing Dynasty with Chinese and foreign cultural relics.

Today we enter the Warring States Period.

Warring States wrong silver embedded pine stone 螭 compound bronze mirror

Cultural relic introduction:

The diameter of the copper mirror is 29cm, and the overall mirror surface and the back mirror back are combined into a mirror, which belongs to the top copper mirror production process during the Warring States Period. The back of the mirror is carved with a pupae, which is inlaid with fine silver wire and silver bubble. The gap between the back and the mirror surface was inlaid with turquoise; there were three copper rings cast on the edge, and one of the copper rings was dotted with two elliptical valley patterns.

Expert Reviews:

The bronze mirror first appeared at the west end of the Asia -Europe continent. More than 4,000 years ago, the manufacturing technology of bronze mirrors and bronze wares was introduced to China with early cultural exchanges. This is also a major event for cross -regional and cultural exchanges in human civilization in human civilization. Since then, with the increasingly exquisiteness of Chinese bronze casting skills, Chinese bronze mirrors have formed their own system and style.

In general, the "source" of living appliances such as copper mirrors comes from the West; the open leaves and blooming gorgeous "flow" are China in the east. The Eastern Zhou Dynasty was the period when the bronze mirror developed in China ’s independent and rapid development. After the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the bronze mirror has become an important and characteristic cultural logo in the Chinese civilization.

——Shao ​​Jun, a research librarian in Nanjing Museum

The Warring States Period Linglong glazed ball decoration

Cultural relic introduction:

The main texture of Linglong ball is mud -gray -white pottery, with a spherical shape, hollow in the middle, short -ring feet in the lower part, one -way grooves in the inside of the ring feet, and low temperature glazed glaze. The shape is in a circle -shaped shape with 8 螭 早 (a dragon in China), and one of the tails of the tail of the pupae and the exquisite spherical spherical.

This 螭 Linglong glazed ball is the first discovery in archeological excavations. Its material is similar to the "Dragonfly Eye" glazed beads unearthed from the Tomb of Chu, which is more similar to the visual perception. Linglong glazed balls are undoubtedly a treasure of early Chinese glazed ceramics with its unique shape, red and white and blue glazed pottery craftsmanship, and dot -shaped glazed glazed techniques.

Expert Reviews:

The earliest glass manufacturing, began in the East Coast of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia. Since then, through the early cultural exchanges of the Asia -Europe Grassland Road, all the way to eastward. Around the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Chinese began to understand and learn from this method of artificial synthetic raw materials. By continuously exploring and trying, they gradually developed. By the Warring States Period, glass and glaze manufacturing technology with Chinese characteristics had been formed. This glazed ball belongs to the ceramic tire glazed. Its body is a pottery tire. The craftsman uses an artificially synthetic type of glaze wrap outside the pottery tire, and then it is fired at high temperature to firmly attach it on the surface of the ceramic tire; and because of various types The glaze contains the different mineral elements. After high temperature, the glazed surface shows various types of gorgeous colors.

——Shao ​​Jun, a research librarian in Nanjing Museum

Warring States Golden Beast Town

Cultural relic introduction:

Golden beast is the heaviest gold product in ancient China, which is by far, weighs 9,100 grams. It is curled up as a whole, the head pillow is on the forelimb, the first leaning on the front knee, the ears on both sides of the brain, attached to the ears, opening the mouth to teeth; Essence The beast neck is wearing a three -wheeled collar, indicating that it is a beast raised by artificially after being domesticated. On both sides of the back of the head of the head, there is a rough ring, which is convenient when it is convenient to use. Tongtong -decorative round markings are hit after being cast into the animal body. Golden beast is an important combination of ancient metal casting technology and decorative technology.

Expert Reviews:

The shining gold products are the aesthetic and value orientation pursued by Western civilization. As early as during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the cultural exchanges between the Huaxia civilization and the northern grassland nations, gold products gradually introduced to China. During the Warring States Period, China's use of gold wares gradually became one of the trends of upper society. At that time, the nobles pursued the use of gold wares, such as drinking cups, bowls of dishes and rice, and spoons for meals. Regarding this golden beast, the researchers judged through its shape and unique ring button. It was originally used to suppress the ancients to sit on the ground -the seat of the mat, showing the user's noble and special aristocratic identity.

It is worth noting that the casting of the golden beast decorative body adopts the hammer craft, which may be affected by the golden decoration techniques of the northern grassland nomadic people. This decorative technique undoubtedly increases the reflection of the outer layer of the goldenware, making the entire gold beast visually shining and moving.

——Shao ​​Jun, a research librarian in Nanjing Museum

Warring States gold cake, horseshoe gold

Cultural relic introduction:

Golden cakes and horseshoe gold unearthed from a cellar in Jiangsu's Nanyaozhuang. These two gold wares are gold currencies that pass through the Qin and Han dynasties of the ancient Chinese Warring States Period. Among these gold wares, there are ten round gold cakes and fifteen horseshoe gold, weighing between 248-462.2 grams. During the Warring States Period, the Chu State of Jiangsu region was rich in gold. This gold currency is not only the storage method of wealth during the Warring States Period, but also the currency of the major trade between the country.

Expert Reviews:

The physical and bronze inscriptions discovered by archaeological discovery records that during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China mainly used Haibei as a currency. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, a large number of copper cast currency appeared and used. In the interaction of Huaxia Civilization and the Northern Grassland Civilization, it not only made gold a member of the premium decorative materials. After the Warring States Period, gold also became an important monetary resources.

According to archeological discovery, the bronze mirrors and silk fabrics of Chu State found that the distant South Siberia was visible to the indirect trade exchanges across civilizations before the Han Dynasty.When conducting large trade, different civilizations need to be recognized as general equivalent.Therefore, many early Chinese gold was obtained through the early grassland Silk Road trade.By the Han Dynasty, history books have clearly recorded that gold has become the main means of trade circulation on the Maritime Silk Road.——Shao Jun, a research librarian in Nanjing Museum

Planning: Shen Yan

Coordinating: Fu Yanyan

Poster: Li Ronghua (intern)

Maritime: Liu Liu

Xie Xie: Nanjing Museum, Suzhou Kunji Theater

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