Entering Zhoukou Museum Read the civilized memory above Wanqiu

Zhoukou Daily · Zhou Dao client reporter Qiao Xiaona correspondent Li Quanli Mu Le Tang Tao text/picture

Yangshao Culture Folding Belly Pottery

Han green glaze red pottery lying sheep residence

Pei Li Gang Cultural Shimo Plate

The theme of the International Museum Day in 2022 is "the power of the museum", because the museum is a bridge that connects the past, present and the future, and contains the inheritance of civilization and the wisdom of ancient knowledge. As a Zhoukou of "Emperor's Hometown and Lao Tzu's Hometown", the cultural relics displayed by the Zhoukou Museum contain many cultural power stories, carrying civilized memories above Wanqiu.

History of Museum

Some scholars believe that the Alexander Museum, which was founded in the 3rd century BC, is the earliest museum in the world. This museum is actually the temple of Muse. Because the term Museum in English is derived from the Mouseion in ancient Greek, the museum is recognized as the earliest museum in the world.

As for when the museums of our country originated from, some people think that it is the ancestral temple of the Western Zhou royal family, and some scholars believe that it is the Shiquge of the Western Han Dynasty. However, museums with real modern significance are generally believed to be the Nantong Museum founded by Zhang Jian, a well -known ethnic industrialist in the late Qing Dynasty and the famous national industrialist Zhang Yan. According to the three major elements of museum collections, audiences and exhibition exhibitions, this conclusion is correct.

In ancient my country attached great importance to the collection and display of cultural utensils. A large number of oracle fragments unearthed in Yin Ruins have a royal collection. According to the "Zhou Li" records: "The Treasures of the Town of the Country." That is, the collection of national utensils is mainly in the royal family and Zongmiao. In the palace, ancestral temples, and palaces of the life, all sacrifice, magic weapon, and treasures. During the period when Confucius traveled in Chen Guo, he identified Chen Linggong's hidden wooden arrows in the domestic government. The Shiquge of Weiyang Palace in the Western Han Dynasty is a royal book collection hall. In the Song Dynasty, Jin Shixue began to be generated. Its research objects were mainly antiquities. Ouyang Xiu's "Ji Gu Lu" was a representative book of Jinshiology. There was also a record of inscriptions on Luyi Taiqing Palace. Although my country has a long -term collection culture tradition and golden stone culture, because it has not passed the society, benefited the general public, and eventually did not form a true museum, until the establishment of Nantong Museum more than 100 years ago.

Zhou Bo's development process

Zhoukou Museum's business began in the 1980s. In 1983, the original Zhoukou Museum, which was established with Zhoukou Guandi Temple, was the earliest museum established in the Zhoukou area. After that, Huaiyang, Fugou, and Xiang Cheng have successively established museums. In 2011, the Zhoukou Museum was completed and open to the public for free. Zhoukou really had a museum with modern significance. At present, the development of the Zhoukou Museum has continued to accelerate. It has 24 museums at all levels, including 8 private museums. These museums have played an important role in propagating Zhoukou's historical culture, carrying out patriotism education, popularizing scientific and cultural knowledge, and improving the quality of the national culture.

The construction area of ​​Zhoukou Museum is 16,000 square meters, and the exhibition area is 8,000 square meters. It is the national second -level museum and the largest and most complete municipal -level comprehensive museum in Zhoukou. It undertakes the functions of cultural relics, display display, publicity education, and scientific research. It is an important image window for showing more than 8,000 years of history and culture. It is also the second class that the majority of young people know about ancient and present. The basic display of the Zhoukou Museum is named "Wanqiu". "Erya" records: "Chen Youwanqiu". According to legend, Fuxi was built in Wanqiu and raised the first ray of the Chinese civilization. Wanqiu, specifically to a geographical orientation, is the ancient city of Pingliangtai, which is more than 6,000 years from Huaiyang District, Huaiyang District, Zhoukou. The name "Wanqiu" comes from the poem "Book of Songs · Chen Feng". The Wanqiu here is a broad concept. Essence "Above Wanqiu -Zhoukou Historical Cultural Relics Display" is divided into 5 parts, namely the beginning of humanities, the avenue of the avenue, the three generations of Huazhang, Mangyuan Hong claws, and the wave Xingbu. Representative cultural relics brings together boutique cultural relics such as jade, ceramics, bronze, stone carvings, etc., highlighting the historical status of Zhoukou in the Chinese civilization and Yellow River culture. This Chen Zhan can be said to be the perfect epitome of Zhoukou's history and culture.

The basic display of the Zhoukou Museum has four outstanding characteristics: First, the positioning of the exhibition can be divided into history exhibitions and special exhibitions. The Zhoukou Museum belongs to the history of the general history. Highlighting the distinctive characteristics of Zhoukou's historical and culture, Zhoukou, as the old capital of the emperor, the old man, Chen Chu's hometown, and the Central Plains Port City, the relevant personnel fully reflect the distinctive local culture of Fuxi culture, Laozi culture, farming culture, and transportation culture. Features; the third is that the exhibits are all cultural relics, basically they are national precious cultural relics, and there is no reproduction of the products; the fourth is every stage of the development of Chinese history. Zhoukou has cultural relic interpretations. This is also a highlight of the exhibition.

When you enter the Zhoukou Museum, you will find that there is a "business card" under each piece of cultural relics, that is, the name, material, and source of each piece of cultural relics are very clear. Most of these cultural relics were unearthed through archeology, and some were collected and donated to the public, and the public security departments were handed over to crack down on cultural relics.

Cultural relics have never been an antique, and each piece of cultural relics have a story. Every cultural relics of the Zhoukou Museum show our unique charm to us Zhoukou's history and culture. The site of the ancient city of Huaiyang Pingliangtai, the ruins of the Chen Chuchi city, the cultural relics of the stars, the three -strait and the memories of the Zhoujiakou of the Three Straits can be found in the Zhoukou Museum. Humanistic start

As the first part of "Wanqiu", "The beginning of Humanities" shows the original cultural style of the Zhoukou area. As soon as you entered the gate of the Zhoukou Museum, the paleontological fossils found in Zhoukou in Zhoukou showed that in ancient times, it was flat, fertile, and rivers. It is an ideal place for ancient human life and various animals to inhabit.

With its special geographical location and superior natural environment, Zhoukou has become one of the important birthplaces of the Chinese nation and one of the core inheritance areas of the Chinese civilization. This is not only the place where Fuxi, Nuwa, and Shennong are legendary here, but also found a large number of new stone artifacts in the Archaeological work. At present, it has found the relics of Pei Ligang culture in more than 10 Neolithic culture in Fuou, Xihua, Shangshui, Xiangcheng, Taikang, Luyi and other places in Zhoukou. Pei Li Gang culture was a culture in the early Shinshi era. It was named because it was first discovered in Pei Ligang in Xinzheng, Henan, and it was more than 8,000 years ago. The production tools during this period are mainly grinding stone tools. Among them, the stone mills and stone mills collected by Pei Li Gang cultural relics in Zhoukou areas are the physical objects that run through the entire farming history. It shows that our Zhoukou has been an important birthplace of farming culture since ancient times.

Pei Li Gangwen fossils unearthed in Zhoukou grow 100 cm, 44 cm wide, 8.5 cm high, and have an oval shape. The earliest and largest Pei Ligangwen fossil grinding discs found in our country can be called "Huaxia's first stone grinding plate". It is used with stone mills and is mainly used for processing grain.

The Zhoukou area not only unearthed Pei Li Gang culture to harvest grain sickle, pottery crickets used to polish pottery, bones, and pottery pendants for fishing and hunting. Stone mill, stone mill stick. The stone ax is used for cutting trees, and the stone shovel is used to reclaim the wasteland. It can be seen that during this period of agricultural production to grain processing, there are all kinds of tools, which shows that at this time the era of pure hunting and primitive knife -plowing and fire, entering the stage of farming agriculture, witnessing Zhoukou's more advanced agricultural production level at that time Essence

Judging from the unearthed cultural relics displayed by the "Humanities" part, the Zhoukou area from 7,000 to 5,000 is the place where Yangshao Culture, Dawenkou Culture and Qujialing Culture have a diversified meeting. The three major groups of Huaxia, Dongyi, and Miao Man collided and fused here, forming a distinctive regional culture, and also prepared conditions for the generation of ancient civilization. Yangshao culture has developed from Pei Li Gang culture. Five to 7,000 years ago, colorful pottery culture is its distinctive feature. In the late stages of Yangshao, Dawenkou culture from the Haiyu area, also known as Dongyi culture, expanded to the Zhoukou area west, and integrated with Yangshao cultural exchanges with eastward expansion. Longshan culture is a culture in the late Neolithic era. It is named after being discovered in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, Shandong. Archeology proves that the Central Plains area of ​​the Longshan Times has taken the lead in entering the state of the State State of IWC, and the ancient city of Huaiyang Pingliangtai is the only location in the Longshan period in the eastern Henan region. Although the area of ​​this city is not large, it has a milestone in the history of my country's urban development and has been rated as the "Top Ten Archaeological Discovery of the National Top 2019".

Avenue Youwei

The thick and moisturizing soil and soil has raised the sage Lao Tzu, making Luyi County the birthplace of Taoist doctrine. It is the so -called "one yin and one yang", and Lao Tzu is the historical and cultural essence of the three emperors and five emperors. With its unique way of thinking, the Taoist doctrine is founded. Lao Tzu's culture is in line with Fuxi culture, which can be found in the second part of the Zhoukou Museum's second part of the "Avenue Youwei".

This part of the system shows Lao Tzu's life thoughts and cultural influence. Because the influence of Lao Tzu focuses on the culture and culture, there are fewer physical display in this part, and the cultural relics related to Lao Tzu are not found. Therefore, during the exhibition of the Zhoukou Museum, except for the cultural relics and Tai of the eldest son of the Taiqing Palace of Luyi, Taiqing Palace Tomb. Some building components unearthed from the Qing Palace site mainly adopt auxiliary papers such as text, relief, painting, and "Tao Te Ching" to reflect Lao Tzu's deeds.

Archaeological excavations have proved that Lao Tzu's hometown is in the primitive society to Shang and Zhou Dynasties, which is a human settlement. Earlier Western Soning Tomb, which was found 500 meters on the west side of the Taiqing Palace, was a major discovery of the archeology of my country ’s business and Zhou dynasties in recent years. There are nearly 2,000 cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of the eldest son. Many bronze wares include inscriptions such as "the eldest son's mouth" and "sub -mouth". Some experts believe that the "eldest son's mouth" may be the king of the kingdom of Song Dynasty or his brother Weizhong Yan. The early tomb of the Western Zhou Dynasty was more than 400 years earlier than Lao Tzu's birth. This shows that Lao Tzu has a thick cultural heritage in his hometown. From here, it is by no chance that a great thinker and philosopher such as Lao Tzu.

In 1997, the cultural relics department discovered the architectural component of the Song Dynasty -dragon kiss and green glaze dragon tiles during archeological excavations of the Taiqing Palace. A batch of building components were unearthed on the construction site of the Tang and Song dynasties, which not only reproduced the glory of the former Taiqing Palace, but also the physical testimony of the Emperor of the Song Dynasty. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin Bing attacked the Central Plains, Tokyo lost, and the King of Zhao Song was partial Jiangnan. After the Golden people occupied the Central Plains, they also respected Lao Tzu. They specially dispatched messengers to Taiqing Palace to worship and build Taiqing Palace. The golden peony tiles unearthed in Taiqing Palace are exquisitely decorated and solid, showing Lao Tzu's lofty position in the minds of the rulers of ethnic minorities.

Three Generations of Huazhang

The third part of the "Three Generations of China" mainly shows the cultural relics of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties unearthed from Zhoukou. The Shenqiu milk fragrancetage site found that there were cultural utensils in Xinzhai in the early years of Xia Culture, including pottery tanks, pottery bowls, pottery beans, and pottery. After archeological excavation, the Huaiyang Shizhuang site found the grain warehouse city from 4000 to 3700 this time, and its era was roughly equivalent to early Xia Dynasty. This shows that Zhoukou is an important distribution area of ​​Xia culture and is worthy of attention in the exploration of Xia culture.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the queen of the Zhou Dynasty declined, the princes dominated, the ritual collapsed, and the merger of the war was frequent. The area of ​​Zhoukou once became the main battlefield of the national hegemony. The bronze weapons displayed in the Zhoukou Museum, swords, Ge, spear, crossbow machines, crickets, etc., witnessed the historical storm of meeting each other at that time. The sharp weapon opened the way for the pioneering of the territory and the integration of culture, and the most worth mentioning is the wrong Jin Yue Wang Jian. Error Jin Yuejian was unearthed in a Chu Tomb in the Huaiyang Pingliangtai, with a length of 59.9 cm and a width of 5.4 cm. The sword body is narrow, the sword body is willow -shaped, and the bird's carcass inlaid with error gold crafts on the sword grid "Yue Wang Yue Wang" and "not only" and other inscriptions. The "wrong gold" process is actually embedded in gold, silver or red copper in the grooves on the surface of the bronze, and then smoothed to present a special decorative effect of a pattern or inscription. This "wrong gold and silver" technology is mostly used on high -grade bronze wares, symbolizing the identity and status of prince Guizhen.

In addition to bronze appliances, Zhoukou's jade culture has a history of more than 4,000 years. In 2019, archaeologists found a jade crown trimming film in the Longshan period at the site of Pingliangtai City. It is the earliest jade in Zhoukou. Jade articles are an important symbol of ancient level identity. Only upper aristocrats with higher status levels are qualified to own. In the Han Dynasty, in addition to the jade in the tomb of the emperor's vassals and nobles, it also had a certain degree of ritual nature. Many jade articles have entered the home of ordinary people, which also reflects the development of economic and social development and the prosperity of the people's life from another side. You can see from the fourth chapter of the Zhoukou Museum "Mang Yuan Hong Claw".

Manghara Hyun

The fourth part of the "Mangyuan Hong Claw" mainly exhibited the development trajectory of the history of the Qin and Han dynasties, and the civilization creation of all sentient beings in the east of Henan Rangyuan. In the Han Dynasty, the strategic location of Zhoukou was very important. The Han royal family was regarded as "the outskirts of the world" and "the place of strength". Many of the Han Dynasty princes were guarded here. In the Western Han Dynasty, Huaiyang County was placed here, and Huaiyang was established. Chen Wang Liu Chong's Tomb, which was excavated in Huaiyang Beiguan, witnessed this history.

During the two Han Dynasty, Zhoukou was flat and populated. With the widespread popularity of wells, the widespread use of iron agricultural tools and new agricultural tools, and the improvement of farming technology, agricultural production progress was significant, and animal husbandry was developed. Essence Nongzhishe, grains and the world. The developed agriculture in the Han Dynasty also promoted the development of the family breeding industry. Therefore, every family has built a pigpen with fences and fences. The Han Dynasty pottery pigs unearthed from the Zhoukou area were often connected to the toilet, reflecting the production lifestyle of farmers raising pigs and accumulating fertilizers at that time.

The green glaze lying sheep in the Zhoukou Museum is a national first -class cultural relic. Its vivid shape and green and clear glaze are a rare art treasure. The sheep in ancient times "Xiang" had auspicious meaning. The lying sheep is a wine device. There is an image of the lying sheep in the wine shop unearthed from the Han Dynasty portrait bricks. The shape of the wine planting device is made into a lying sheep, reminding everyone that even if the life is rich, you must not forget your original intention, know how to be grateful, and filial to your parents.

According to historical records, during the Spring and Autumn Period, many folk artists made a living with juggling skills. The Han Dynasty inverted acrobatic domestic helpers in the Zhoukou Museum can prove that Zhoukou is now a well -known "hometown of acrobatics" in the country. The inverted acrobatic figurines of the Han Dynasty were unearthed in Shenqiu County. Its head combed, with both hands on the ground, and the legs were rolled up naturally, vivid and interesting. It has a history of about 2000 years, indicating that Zhoukou folk acrobatics were relatively active at the time.

The Han Dynasty was the first prosperous world in our history. Through unearthed cultural relics, it can also be inferred that Zhoukou at that time was based on the development of agricultural development. After the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, which had been changed frequently, Zhoukou finally showed a prosperous scene again during the unified Sui and Tang dynasties.

After the social turmoil of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, Zhoukou in the Sui and Tang dynasties once again entered the prosperous period of prosperity. The Tang Sancai in Zhoukou witnessed the glory of the Tang Dynasty. The yellow glaze in Shouzhou Kiln witnessed the development of Zhoukou water transportation. In the Song Dynasty, Chenzhou became the "Fujun" of Gyeonggi. The status of Zhoukou was more prominent and the socio -economy was more prosperous.

In 1999, the white glazed white glazed pot of the deaper kiln in the brick room of the Huaiyang Song Dynasty was a historical testimony of the social and economic prosperity of the Song Dynasty. Dark brown tires, make makeup soil with wares, carved patterns on it, device mouth and bottom decorated with lotus petals. The strong color contrast makes the decoration on the porcelain tire more three -dimensional and highly artistic value. This is the only preserved in the world that the well -preserved Song Dynasty -sealed kiln white glaze -clean flower can be seen, which is precious. Bo Xingbu

According to historical records, the porcelain of Shouzhou kiln in Anhui has been widely disseminated in Zhoukou through Zhoukou Shawa River Water during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, indicating that Zhoukou's shipping history has a long history. As the town of transportation, Zhoukou began during the Yongle period of the early Ming Dynasty. The real prosperity was in the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially during the Kangxi and Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. This is the content of the last part of the theme exhibition.

Zhoukou, formerly known as Zhoujiadu. Shahe, Luohe, and Jalu River converged in Zhoukou, passed through the city, and Tongjiang reached the sea. Due to the geographical shape of Zhoukou, the social economy was prosperous during the Ming and Qing dynasties, so Zhoukou also had the reputation of "Xiao Hankou". Zhoukou's transportation, east of Nanjing, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin in the north. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the business was prosperous here, and it was also called "the four major commercial towns in Henan" with Zhu Xianzhen, Daocou Town, and Liandian Town. Xiong Tingxuan, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, described in "Crossing Zhou Family": "Wanjia Lighting Jiangpu, Qianfan gathered like Han Yan".

From a pile of pier piles collected by the Zhoukou Museum, you can clearly see that there are many river clams shells that are adhesive on it. The pier "pile" laid in the late Qing Dynasty. In April 2022, the water level of the Shawan River declined, and this row of wooden stakes appeared again in front of everyone. They witnessed the glory of Zhoukou Yunyun culture.

The "Chasing Bo Xingbu" section has the Tongqing Dynasties. It is strictly forbidden to slipfu and the Sedo Shutter. It is currently the only cultural relics related to protecting water transportation in our city. The main content is during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. Formulate the articles of association, clarify the price of pulling fiber, and prohibit the criminals from ransom passenger ships. It not only provides a good business environment for the prosperity of Zhoukou water transportation and the prosperity of business, but also provides rare physical materials for studying the history and culture of Zhoukou's water transportation.

There are many porcelain in Chen Zhan, mainly daily necessities. Not only are there a lot of complete preservation so far, but also a large number of Ming and Qing porcelains are found around the old terminal of Zhoukou. These porcelain are produced from the south, passed through the water to Zhoukou, went ashore to remove the boat, and changed the land. Zhoukou became an important cargo transit station, which also led to economic development and the rise of cities. "Bo Xingbu" shows the past of Zhoukou's ancient town from transportation to prosperity. The endless Shawan River nourishes all beings and has promoted the development of towns along the river.

Nowadays, Zhoukou City has determined the development positioning of "Lingang New City and Open Frontier", which is moving towards the goals of the port city center center center. Zhoukou Water Transport has once again moved towards new glory.

"Museum Hot" highlights cultural self -confidence

The beginning of humanities witnessed agricultural civilization. The avenue showed the essence of philosophy. The three generations of Chinese chapters compiled a new development chapter. Mangyuan Hong claws reproduced the changes in the clouds. Entering the Zhoukou Museum, from a piece of cultural relics, feel the wisdom of the ancients; walk out of the Zhoukou Museum, see people through people, and enlighten the wisdom of the ancients.

In recent years, no matter whether it is an online cloud exhibition or an offline field, more and more people enter the museum, which can be said to have formed a "museum fever". Like Museums from all over the country, the audiences who receive each year are increasing year by year, especially on holidays, which are often full. The reason for this phenomenon is that, as the people's demand for culture is becoming increasingly strong, cultural consumption has become fashionable; second, with the continuous enhancement of the self -confidence of the Chinese nation's culture, the improvement of the level of the museum Chen Zhan has "lived" the cultural relics "live" Getting up, the attractiveness of the audience is continuously enhanced; the third is that the attention of the new media to the museum is getting higher and higher, and the vigorous publicity of Wenbo has also promoted the rise of the "museum fever". The launch of a group of high -quality literary programs has stimulated people's love for traditional culture, which has also prompted more and more people to enter the museum and experience the charm of traditional Chinese culture on the spot.

"Museum Hot" attracts more attention to the protection of cultural relics. The government has continuously launched cultural relics protection measures, more social resources have invested in the cultural expo industry, and more people have participated in the protection of cultural relics, which has promoted the improvement of cultural relics protection and high -quality development of museum construction. The "museum fever" allows the cultural relics in the museum to live, so that the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation is promoted, and the national cohesion is further enhanced!

- END -