Banyue talk 丨 Civilized exploration for the past years, the results contributed once to see

Civilized explorations have been seen in the past years, and the results have contributed once to see

Tan Yifan

On May 27, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducted 39th collective study on deepening the Chinese civilization exploration project. The Chinese archeological research project, the largest Chinese archeological research project so far in the Chinese civilization source project, once again entered the field of vision. The source of civilization, asking "why China", and thinking about "what is civilization", what research results have been achieved in these years, and what kind of evidence of the origin of Chinese civilization?

The origin of the source project

The so -called Chinese civilization exploration source project (hereinafter referred to as "exploration source project") is a main means based on archeological investigation and excavation of relevant information, supported by modern science and technology, and adopting multi -disciplinary cross -research methods to reveal the Chinese nation five Major scientific research projects of the origin and early development of the millennium civilization. There are many interpretations of "civilization", and when the project is based on the project, "civilization" focuses on the emergence of ancient state forms. In other words, the rise of the country as the main symbol of entering a civilized society.

The exploration source project revolves around 4 capital sites including Yuhang Liangzhu, Zhejiang Yuhang Liangzhu, Xiangfen Temple Temple in Shanxi, Shanxi Xiangfen Temple, Shaanxi Shenmu Shi, and Henan Yanshi. Other central sites in the basin implementation key excavations, and carry out large -scale archeological investigations on the settlement group around these sites to explore how the civilized process and the environment of these areas are in the way. of.

The origin of civilization and the emergence of the country is one of the most important events in human history. The international academic circles have been paying attention to related issues very early. However, the origin and early development of ancient civilizations represented by China, lacking awareness for a long time. From the 1920s to the 1980s, China's archeology gradually accumulated certain results, and had the conditions for systematically researching the origin and formation of Chinese civilization.

After years of preparation, the "Chinese Civilization Origin and Early Development Comprehensive Research" project was officially established in 2002, referred to as the "Chinese Civilization Source Project". Scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, and local archeological research institutions have successively contributed. In the fourth phase of the project, nearly 60 scientific research units nationwide participated in, involving 17 disciplines. In 2016, the fourth phase of the exploration source project was settled, and the fifth phase is currently underway.

Sanxingdui Site No. 8 "Sacrifice Pit" see the part of the copper altar from the copper altar, Shen Bo Han Photo

What important achievements of the exploration source to find out

In the first 4th phase of the exploration source project, under the strong cooperation of the Chinese archeological community, it achieved considerable results. In other words, there are several aspects.

First, I have a relatively clear understanding of several key time nodes of the origin of Chinese civilization. Now it is basically determined that before tens of thousands of years in Chinese prehistoric agriculture, after a long accumulation of development, until about 6,000 years or earlier, it became a relatively mature agricultural system. On this basis, from about 6000 years ago, local cultures in related areas have accelerated the development of civilization. 5,000 years ago, represented by Liangzhu Civilization, some parts of the Yellow River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin took the lead in entering the stage of civilization and establishing a country. About 3800 years ago, society in multiple places has established its own country and entered civilization.

Second, the development of Chinese civilization is a process of diversity. Within the geographical scope of the Yellow River Basin, the Yangtze River Basin, and the Xiliao River Basin, the diverse and scattered civilizations are in the process of developing and competing with each other. The diversified pattern of civilization has been highlighted at its origins.

Archaeological data show that the trend of integration is even more obvious in the Central Plains region. Based on the extensive absorption of the surrounding cultural advanced factors, the Central Plains became a core of harvesting, providing the foundation for economy, culture and systems for the summer and business civilizations in the future. Measured by a longer -term historical scale, we can say that this diverse process has also become the source of the unified country of the Chinese nation and multi -ethnic nation.

The exploration source project has evidenced that Chinese civilization is a native and local civilization. It has confirmed that the origin and early development of Chinese civilization have no direct records of text, but it is indeed a sign of faithfulness. A blank period.

Third, further proves that our civilization is open civilization, and has a strong integration and absorption ability. In the process of integration, different civilizations of the Chinese land influenced each other and interacted frequently, and exchanges have gradually emerged. About 3000 years ago, Chinese civilization and other civilizations have contact. Wheat crops from Central Asia, livestock varieties such as sheep, and bronze metallurgical technology have successively entered China during this period to inject new new ones of Chinese civilization development into new development of new development. Energy reflects the ability of Chinese civilization. This ability is also an important foundation for the continuous stretching of Chinese civilization.

Chinese plan defined by civilization

It is particularly worth mentioning that on the basis of a solid work of the China Civilization Source Project, the China Civilization Source Project redefines civilization, proposed a Chinese plan to enter a civilized society, and made original contributions to the study of world civilization.

The logo formed by civilization, the international academic circles have previously been generalized as three elements -cities, metallurgical technology and text. This standard comes from the early research of civilizations such as the ancient Lianghe River Basin and the ancient Egypt, whether it is "all of them"? Archeologists of the exploration source project have found that "counter -seat" is not easy for ancient China Essence Establishing standards for civilization should be to summarize and improve universal characteristics in continuous research, and dare to correct the predecessor.依据20年来获得的考古材料，探源工程归纳出了进入文明社会的四个普遍性特征：一是生产力，农业和手工业有相当程度发展;二是社会明显分化;三是出现作为政治、经济、 Cities in the cultural center; fourth, the existence of royal power and the country. On the one hand, these four standards reflect the characteristics of Chinese history, and on the other hand, it is more in line with the generality of human history and the reality of diversity and differences.

"Exploration Source Project 2.0" new highlight

At the end of 2020, the fifth phase of the China Civilization Source Project was launched, and the exploration source project entered a new stage of deepening research. Over the past two years, "Exploration Source Project 2.0" has made surprising progress.

——In more than 20 fields of field work projects, it has made important breakthroughs. Among them, the two tasks of Sanxingdui and Ji Cicheng sites were evaluated by the National Cultural Relics Bureau's "Top Ten Archaeological Discovery" in 2021. The new archaeological results released by Samsung Dou, especially repeatedly attracting attention.

——The tried to use more diverse annual measures to explore the absolute age of ancient relics, and made breakthroughs in the study of Shicheng and large settlements along the Great Wall of China centered on Shisu as the center.

——Bepopher comprehensive support of scientific and technological forces, the research of ancient environmental research further reveals the basic environmental characteristics of the areas of different sites. Environmental archeology is revealing more possibilities of natural and cultural relations between China and cultural relations during the origin of civilization.

——The regional differences in summing up the origin of Chinese civilization and the economic behavior of the early development stage (the economic behavior of human beings to obtain basic resources for survival) during the early development stage, and there are more conversations with the world's international archeological frontiers. Self -confidence, especially in terms of specialization and large -scale research on the handicraft economy.

——The project team started to focus on the flow of human civilization and early development stage, and focus on the flow of people in different regions and diet structure as the research goals. New technologies for bone archeology have begun to contribute to the more subtle level of exploration source projects.

New research over the past two years further shows that the origin of Chinese civilization has always been an open and tolerant process. It actively absorbs the advanced factors of other civilizations and can continue to be new.

(Published in "Half Moon Talk", No. 12, 2022)

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