[Qianqian craftsman] Cowhide ship: The cultural heritage of never obliged on the Zhaquhe River

Qiqian black tent

Qinghai Online Network (Wen Tu/Xiao Yangzhen) The Tibetan people living in the Snowy Plateau have their own unique insights on life. Shenshan Shenghu is inseparable from their lives. A variety of historical and culture shows the blood of blood and blood. Kilitan boats are the production and living products raised on this hot soil. Since the Tang Dynasty, Qianqian County has gathered in Jiaqian County as an important nodes on the ancient road of tea horses. Cowkar boats have become the Lancang River dry flowing river. Important water transportation has a role that has a contribution to promoting national unity and has a history of more than 500 years.

From the appearance alone, the ships of brown boats are not as small and exquisite as Jiangnan tourists, and they are not as magnificent as the piercing cargo ship, but instead reflect the eclectic and primitive ecology of the production everywhere. A cowhide boat needs to make more than three complete yak skin. It pays great attention to the procedures and skills of slaughtering cowhide, and uses light pine woods to make a boat. Before making, soak the cowhide in the water, put a small amount of butter and salt, and tie the cowhide head and limbs. After drying, the leather shows yellow brown. Needle, lines, and elasticity have strict requirements. People with rich experience can be completed. During the use process, it is necessary to use oil quality such as butter and other oil to prevent the skin from cracking.

There are nine handicraft production and crew members in history. They live on the port of Zhikangka, the central part of Buwei Valley, Juela Township. For a long time, they are in charge of the port. It plays a vital role in development and witnessed the friendship of Tibetan and Han.

Zhihua Ginima is the secretary of the party branch of Buwei Village, Juela Township, and a provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritor of the provincial intangible cultural heritage of cowhide. In his memory, leather boats are his common items. His father is one of the inheritors of the nine generations. His predecessor Zhihua Babies is one of the four inheritors in the village. I want to pass on this skill. In 2014, he served as the party branch secretary of the village. Since then, Zhihua Guinima has followed the elderly in the village to learn to make cowhide. This is the crystallization of the ancestors' wisdom. The excellent traditional culture should inherit and develop.

Zhihua Guinima

"Zhihua" was a "rowing person" in Tibet, and "Zhihua" appeared in the family name. It can be seen that the love and respect of people's cowhide boats at that time and the far -reaching influence of cowhide boats on the local area. As the helm of the entire ship, "Zhihua" requires people who are healthy, strong, and familiar with all kinds of water conditions and experienced people. During the interview, Zhihua Guinima shared the product of the wisdom of the Tibetan people, the wisdom of the cowhki boat with me. It is tightened when it encounters the water to ensure that the racks will not spread during the journey. When they encounter rugged river beds, they can be tied side by side by side to increase the safety factor.

A leather boat can take at least ten adults, and one "Zhihua" can control the ship. Because the cowhide boat is light and large in size, people on the boat can easily reach the destination. According to this characteristic, the front end of the cowhide ship is thicker. Moreover, due to the toughness and gentleness of the leather boat, they are not afraid of reef impact. The ships after landing can be easily carried by "Zhihua" and easy to carry. "No matter how wider the river is, it is difficult to cross the skin. No matter how fast the water is flowing, it always flows under the skin of the skin." This proverb circulating among the Tibetan people shows that the importance of leather boats in the life of the Tibetan people is Safety and practicality of the people when they cross the river.

Cruckets have a long history and powerful functions. Its origin can be traced back to the Tubo period. In the early murals of the Potala Palace and Sangye Temple, the early figures of cowhide can be seen. During the Tubo period, the cowhide boat was round and round. It is estimated that it is only equivalent to half the size of the current kraft boat. The ship can accommodate up to three or four people. According to rumors, during the ninth generation of Zandongjie (the 2nd century BC), the residents of the Yalong tribe were stretched out of cowhide ship and drove on the river. "Tibetan Zhi Wei Tibetan Tongzhi" contains: "In the Tibetan River, it has a wooden boat to prepare for it." The earliest Tibetan records of cowhide boats that can be seen today appear in Tibetan Tibetan Tibetan language. In the literature.

Creathine not only appeared in the life of Tibetan people as an important water transportation, but also played an important role in anti -aggression war and transportation materials. In 1904, when the British imperialist invaded Tibet, the Tibetan people had drowned the invading army in the Zhecksham ferry in the Yarlung Tibetan River, and contributed to defending Tibet. After the peaceful liberation of Tibet, the Tibetan people along the river also used cowhide to take the responsibility of material exchanges and friendly exchanges, which facilitated the people's production and life.

Today's leather boats are rectangular, rounded and round, and can take a maximum of 14 people. The long river of history is endless. Today, more than 500 years later, as an ancient cultural heritage, kraft boat gradually faded out of people's vision. When it gallop the river, the hard -working craftsman never forgets the cultural heritage left by the ancestors.

In 2018, Zhihua Guinima was identified as the fourth batch of provincial intangible cultural heritage inheritors. For many years, he has trained more than 60 people in local arts, and the largest of which is in his 70s.At the same time, he seized all kinds of exhibitions and publicity opportunities, introduced tourists to tourists on the spot, and participated in the shooting and shooting production skills of the "Silk Road Qinghai Road" performance organized by the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee.Zhihua Guinima said: "In the future, you want to develop cultural tourism in the future. Visitors experience the fun of drifting leather boats here. On the one hand, it is to inherit traditional culture. On the other hand, leather boat drift can drive villagers' income to promote rural revitalization."Buwei Village is adjacent to the Zhaqu River, and the forest resources in the territory are rich. The entire countryside is located in a forest area. Every summer, the green trees are lined and the scenery is very beautiful.

Cultural inheritance, merit in contemporary, benefit in Qianqiu.Without the traditional continuation, there is no light of today's splendid culture. The history of the cowhide boat is endless in the water of the river. It carries the expectations of the expectations of new life.

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