Zhu Hong and Cao Wenqin: Dong Yuan, Nanpai Landscape Painting

Dong Yuan (about 923-962), also known as Dong Yuan, Zi Shida, Zhongling (Jinxian County), Jiangxi, master of painting from the Five Dynasties to the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the originator of Nanpai landscape painting in China, and Li Cheng and Fan Xian, said that "Three people in the Northern Song Dynasty". He was born in a turbulent era. The entire land of China was broken into the era of the fifth generation and ten kingdoms. The Southern Tang where he lived had only 37 years. His political life is very bland. He has been the deputy envoy of the Beiyuan of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Yan. However, the storm of politics and society has made his artistic glory. Dong Yuan used the unique techniques such as "Pan Ma Ji" and "Points", and for the first time, the Jiangnan landscape was used as the protagonist of painting, and the handsomeness, tranquility, warmth, and 迤逦 of the Jiangnan landscapes were pioneered, and they sang people and nature. The song of harmony has successfully opened the millennium journey of Chinese landscape painting Nanzong.

Dongyuan

Dong Yuan was born in the beautiful and rich fish and rice hometown -Jiangxi Jinxian. Under Qixian Mountain, Dong Yuan spent the carefree childhood by the side of Runxi Port. The Dong family still reproduced the rivers in the south of this mountain. Qixian Mountain, known as the source of Jiangxi's Wenmai, has become a cultural sacred place for Jiangxi because of Confucius' disciples, Yantai Mitanica, has set up altars here. Qixian Mountain and Runxi Port became Dong Yuan's natural enlightenment teacher with their own beauty and magic. Dong Yuan deeply loves the landscapes of his hometown. He played in the mountains, played in the water, and looked at the mountains and rivers. He watched the fishing boat under the sunset. However, compared with the quiet beauty of his hometown, his era is turbulent and bloody. He is living in the cracks of the era of Tang and Song dynasties. In 19907, the Tang Dynasty died, and the Chinese territory suddenly collapsed. In the Central Plains area, the horse lamps were even more like a dynasty. The back beams, the post -Tang Dynasty, the post -Jin, the post -Han and the post -week Zhou, until 960 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty replaced Zhou Jianguo. Outside the Central Plains region, there are ten parties of the separatist regime. , North Han. The Southern Tang Dynasty occupied the rich south, and the economic strength was the most powerful. At that time, the entire economic focus of China moved south due to the turbulence of the Central Plains, and the Lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty admired the governance and loved literature and art. China enjoys the prestigious cultural highland. As a result, Dong Yuan, who was pregnant with painting stunt, also came to Jiangning and was appreciated by Li Yan, the master of the Southern Tang Dynasty. He became the deputy envoy of Beiyuan. He specially painted the court and took care of some royal gardens. "Dong Beiyuan". Although he was in troubled times, he was able to settle down under the shelter of the monarch, and to create peace and painting.

Dong Yuan Xia Jingshankou to be partially crossed

On painting skills, Dong Yuan does be the first -class world. He can almost paint. He can come up with mountains and rivers, characters, and beasts. However, Dong Yuan was not willing to be a superb artist. He wanted to make a breakout of painting, break through the predecessors, break through himself, and show his style in unique visual language. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Chinese landscape paintings entered the first stage of development. The large and small and green landscapes prevailed for a while, and they were loved by the officials of the officials. At the same time that things arrived at the peak, it was also the beginning of its decline. Since the poet and painter Wang Wei used the novel views of "ink and wash" and "Poetry in Painting", the painters are struggling to explore the use of ink to express new new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express new ones to express their new ones. Painting style. The leading situation caused by the fifth generation and ten kingdoms gave artists more freely in culture and art. As a result, inheritance of ink and landscape paintings in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms of the Tang Dynasty, entering the second stage of development, forming two major genres represented by painter Jing Hao and southern painter Dong Yuan. Dong Yuan was born in the south and grew up in the south. He was an authentic southerner. He knows that the southern mountains and rivers are very different from the northern landscape. The northern mountains and rivers are majestic, the southern mountains and rivers are showing; Before him, no one had never put the southern landscape into painting. So he decided to use a brush to give back to the southern mountains and rivers that he grew up. He used the unique brushwork to show the moistness, stretch, confusion, and spirit show of the mountains and rivers in the south of the river. His "hemp" is like a hemp, showing the delicate and gentle texture of Jiangnan Tu Mountain. His "idea" fully shows the texture of the rocks. Different from the temperament of the big mountains and the masculine shore in the northern school, the Jiangnan landscape in Dong Yuan's pen is quiet, quiet, and gentle. Dong Yuan's existence works include "Xia Jingshankou to Crossing the Map", "Xiaoxiang Map", "Xiashan Map", "Map of the Map of Longsu", "Map of the Creek Bank" and so on.

Dong Yuan Longsu suburb

Dong Yuan's "Xiaoxiang Map" occupies a very important position in the history of painting in China. It is the opening work of the "Southern School" landscape. It is precisely because of the continued efforts of collectors in the past dynasties that we can see the style of this famous painting after thousands of years. When the scroll is expanded, you can feel that you stand on the top of the mountain at this time, and the scenery rushes into your arms without reservations. The mountains in the south of the river slowly expand. There is no ripple on it. Under the foot of the mountain, Maolin Sen and the reeds were staggered. More than a dozen fishermen were fishing with the net. The head of Jiang Shui drifted a leisurely boat. On the boat, there were waiters kneeling in front of the ship, and the waiter held an umbrella. The one in the middle was obviously a noble owner. One person was shaken by one person at the beginning and end of the boat. On the shore, several musicians were waiting for a while, and two women in red stared at the light boat. This dramatic scene is obviously a piece of Dong Yuan's description of the life of the southern Tang nobles. In this painting, you can see the continuous mountains, the lush trees, the openness of the rivers, and the vertical and horizontal of the continents. You can even feel the mother of nature as if the mother is light makeup and reveal the style. People are rejoicing in their mother's arms, weak but lively, free and moved. In the Northern Song Dynasty calligraphy and painting, Mi Yan praised Dong Yuan's technique: "The peaks and mountains are out of place, the clouds are obscure, and they are not pretending to be naive." There is also a thrilling story about this painting. After Dong Qichang of the Ming Dynasty, "Xiaoxiang Map" was passed on to the hands of Yuan Kezhi, the son of Yuan Keli, the Ministry of Military Affairs. At this time, it was the last year of the Ming Dynasty. In the war and floods, the calligraphy and calligraphy of libraries that the Yuan family had worked hard for decades was destroyed, and "Xiaoxiang Map" was spared to be difficult to be brought to Jiangsu because it was brought to Jiangsu by Yuan Shu. After the Qing Dynasty, "Xiaoxiang Map" entered the palace to become the treasure of the royal family. In the end of the Qing Dynasty, Pu Yi took the painting out of the palace, and since then the folks have been flowing. Until the liberation, Zhang Daqian was sold to the Chinese government in Hong Kong. This thousand -year -old painting finally returned to the arms of the mother of the motherland. Dong Yuan Xiaoxiang Map

Dong Yuan finally became the founder of the Chinese landscape painting "Nanzong". With his spirituality and talent, he gave the richest gift to Jiangnan, who raised him. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo mentioned in "Mengxi Pen Talk": "Dong Yuan is good at painting, Long Gong Qiu Lan's vision, writing more about Jiangnan Zhenshan, not a stroke of strange mountains." The landscape painting has been inherited for thousands of years, and the development of Nanzong has grown. decline. Dong Yuan's artistic nourishment given to the descendants of Huaxia has never been cut off. After thousands of years, Huang Binhong and Fu Baoshi were revealed by Dong Yuan's paintings, and once again showed a strong oriental style and Chinese aesthetic taste in the paintings.

Source: Open Jiangxi's book

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