Ejection seats, air guards of air guards

Some people say that the last line of defense to save the life of the fighter pilot is the ejection life system of the fighter.

Starting from World War II, the flight speed of the aircraft exceeded 500km/h. At such a high speed, the pilot could not climb out of the cabin to parachute out of the cabin. It is not uncommon for being blown into the wing when parachuting. In the practice of military aviation life, people have observed that it is necessary to stay away from the plane to ensure the safety of pilots.

The method of ejection life was first proposed by the Germans during World War II. So far, there have been various forms such as an open pop -up seat, a separate ejection seat and a ejection cockpit. Petalog landing.

Among them, the most widely used ejection seats, the MK series of ejection seats produced by the British pop -up seat manufacturer Martin Beck has saved the life of 7675 pilots.

HE 219, produced by Heinkel, Germany, is the world's first aircraft to install ejection seats. Source: wikipedia

The ejection seat is usually used as a pilot seat. When the plane is in a critical moment, it can no longer be recovered, and the pilot will start the ejection life system. The manipulation handle of the ejection seat is usually between the pilot's knees. It is a bright colored pull ring. It only needs to be pulled up. The ejection life system will automatically start working. The possibility.

The yellow pull ring is the ejection seat manipulating handle picture source: wikipedia

After pulling the handle, the rocket is automatically ignited, and the cockpit glass lid is opened to the rear. This is the first step of the ejection. If the fighter uses a cap and ejection, it will be faster. There is almost no need to wait. The explosion cable on the cabin will blink the glass accurately and open the ejection channel.

The bending deeds on the cockpit 座 Picture source: Guangyu LiU, Microsical and Mechanical Properties of Tin-Based Alloys for MINIATINATING CORDS

The schematic diagram of the ejection method will first set off the glass compartment cover, and then ejected the seat out of the picture source: wikipedia

While opening the life passage, the power device of the ejection seat is automatically started. First, the ejaculation on the back of the seat push the pilot and the seat up and separate from the cabin. At the same time, the emergency oxygen supply system comes with the seat began to supply oxygen for pilots. The seat belt was automatically locked, and the pilot was firmly fixed on the back of the seat to prevent severe maneuverability from harming the pilot.

Immediately afterwards, the rocket engine at the bottom of the seat was turned on, and the people and the seat suddenly accelerated, and quickly rose to the safety height of the "rocket". At this time, the overload was as high as more than a dozen G. If the pilot has consciousness, he will see the crashing plane continues to fly forward.

The new type of ejection seats can collect data and speed of the aircraft, automatically control the ejection trajectory, and prevent the pilot from "inverted onion" to the ground with a bad posture of the aircraft. "Zero ejection" can be performed at 0 speed and 0 height.

At the MT. HOME exhibition in 2003, the F-16 pilot successfully ejected 0.8 seconds before the plane crashed.

It is worth mentioning that if the fighter is double -seat, as long as the handle of a ejection seat is pulled, the two pilots will be ejected into the cabin. For two aspects, one is that once the ejection is ejected, the shape of the aircraft will be the shape of the aircraft. Destruction, unable to fly normally, another pilot does not need to stay in the plane; the second is to help him escape when comrades -in -arms can not help themselves. The two pilots will be ejected, and the interval is about 1 second to prevent the ejection seats or other components colliding in the air.

During the ejection, the front seat and the back seat are not the picture source popped up at the same time: us navy

After successful escape from the plane, the back of the ejection seat will automatically expand a small umbrella. This umbrella is called a stable damping umbrella, which is used to stabilize the seat of the seat. Under the adjustment of stable damping umbrellas and fine -tuning engines, pilots and seats gradually stopped the rotation caused by inertia, and the speed also slowed to the level that was suitable for opening the parachute.

After the ejection, the stable umbrella on the back of the seat opens the picture source: us navy

At the stage of preparing an umbrella, the heavy seat body basically completed its mission. The umbrellar shot out of the parachute stored in the seat. The parachute connected to the pilot and the lifeburn. At the same time, the remaining seat belts were automatically opened. Separation from the seat -this sounds a bit like the process of the rocket lift. The two -stage promotion device composed of the maggots and the rocket engine provides power to "Rockets". After the mission is separated, the "Rockets" are truly transported. "Load" is the ejected pilot himself. The carrier of the carrier rocket sent the loads such as satellites and spacecraft to the space to perform tasks, and the special "rocket" of the ejection seat is to protect the precious "load" during crisis. Between two or three seconds after the umbrella, dozens of square meters of umbrella can be fully expanded, and the pilot landed slowly. The parachute equipped with the ejection seat landed with the experimental person.

Successful landing does not mean that it is completely out of danger. Painters with pilots are likely to land to the wild wilderness, forests, and even the sea. Before the rescue arrives, you need to face a variety of harsh natural environments. At this time, the lifeburn fixed under the parachute can come in handy. As part of the ejection life system, the lifebirth package is usually stored under the seat. At the critical moment of the ejection life, the signal generator, positioning equipment and other devices can be provided to help the pilots call for help. Symptoms of life, waiting for rescue.

If it is during the war, the situation is more complicated. The pilot who placed the order is usually a high -value target that the enemy is very interested in. Therefore, the successful pilot who has a successful skydiving also needs to actively hide and use the weapon self -defense in the life package to wait for the search and rescue of his own troops.

U.S. National Guard's 169th fighter fighter wing equipped with life packages and self -defense weapons pictures. Source: S.C. Air National Guard

Unlike the "security first" passenger plane, the original intention of the fighter is to confront and confront. The fighter pilot drove several times the speed of the sound speed on the air battlefield. The knife tip danced, destined to face more danger. The ejection life system gave the military pilot's last heavy protection at the critical moment. It means that a warrior can return from the battlefield safely. Perhaps in the future, unmanned equipment can win the war replaced by flesh and blood, but before that, someone needs to take a heavy weight to lead the guard.

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: aloysius

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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