[Scientific Research Progress] Reasons for the deposition and fossils to reveal the reasons for the rise of land bi extermination and the rise of dinosaur ecology at the end of the three stacks

At the end of the Triangle, one of the five biostatic extinction in the history of geological history has led to a large number of terrestrial organism extinction, but the dinosaurs avoided this disaster and quickly occupied the ecological master after the end of the three -stacking creature extinction incident Puts dominate Jurassic and White Bulk World. What are the causes of the dirty land biological extinction? Why can dinosaurs survive in the natural disaster of biostatic and develop rapidly after the disaster?

There is a base mammal in the dinosaur's mouth. The background is the eruption of the Atlantic Super Fire Chengyan Province in the Panjia Equatorial area.

(Larry felder drawn)

In recent years, Researcher Sha Jin Geng, Nanjing Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Dr. Fang Yen, who cooperates with Professor Paul Olsen of Columbia University in the United States, and others to the Haojiagou in the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang The high -resolution measurement and research was conducted, and it was found that the volcanic winter caused by the eruption of the central Atlantic superflinter province was the main cause of the extermination of the terrible land biological extinction at the end of the tri -stack; combined with the system development bracket method, the feathers with insulation function for the first time have long been revealed Adapt to the cold climate of the polar ground is the main reason why the dinosaurs escaped the velvery of the three stacks and quickly occupy the main reasons of the Jurassic ecology. Related research results were published on July 2 in the international well -known journal "Science Advances".

1) The Ice Root Deposition and Dinosaur Footprint Records of the Junggar Basin revealed for the first time to reveal the severe cold climate of the dinosaur adapting to the polar season

In the early days of the three stacks to the early Jurassic world, the greenhouse was a typical greenhouse in the history of the earth. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide reached 1000-6000 PPM. There was no glacier on the earth. The research team re -corrected the ancient latitude of the Junggar Basin and believed that it was located in the Arctic region of Panjia (~ 71 ゜ N) in the Panjia continent. For the first time, the research team found ice raft deposition in the Junggar Basin to the early Jurassic Lake. Its main characteristic is that sand grains or small gravel (0.1-15 mm) float in the mud rock (0.1-63 μm), granularity size. The analysis results are obvious dual -peak type. Ice raft deposits may be due to the frozen gravel of the lake at the bottom of the lake when the shore lake is icing in winter. The ice of the lake in spring is melted. Some ice floats with frozen gravel to the center of the lake. It may be that the winter wind blows the gravel on the land to the ice, the ice of the spring lake melts, and the gravel falls into the deep lake mud. The discovery of the Ice Root deposits in the Junggar Basin indicates that even during the greenhouse and earth with the bipolar without glaciers, seasonal freezing (below zero).

Junggar Basin Late Three Stacks to Early Juraki World Ice Root Stacking Features

Coincidentally, for the first time, the research team found the exquisitely preserved dinosaur footprint fossils in the Junggar Basin to find exquisite dinosaur footprints in the mudstone, indicating that the dinosaurs of the dinosaur in the evening of the three stacks live in the polar regions, and and and and also live in polar areas, and and also live in polar regions, and and also live in polar areas, and and also live in polar areas, and and also live in polar regions, and and also live in polar areas, and also live. Adapt to the severe cold climate (freezing below zero).

2) The dinosaurs of the evening three stackers are mainly distributed in the middle and high latitudes regions

The ancient geographical location and dinosaur distribution map of the Gargage Basin in the evening

In the evening, the distribution of dinosaurs has obvious latitudes: especially herbivorous dinosaurs are mainly distributed in medium and high latitudes; low latitudes areas with non -dinosaurs and non -primary dragons. For example, semi -water -raised dragon eyes and predators (including herbivorous and carnivorous); although carnivorous dinosaurs also exist in low latitudes, the group occupies very small.

In the evening, the distribution of plants is also obvious: the equatorial area is mainly pine and cypress, seed ferns, and ferns; the diversity of subtropical regions is low, mainly pine and cypress; With high diversity, northern China has abundant deciduous plants, pine cypress, ginkgo and trees with obvious growth patterns, which are consistent with the cold winter conclusions proved by ice rafts.

3) System development bracket method indicates that dinosaurs have feathers with insulation function

The branches of some non -bird beast feet dinosaurs and two base -based grass -eating bird -oriented birds have feathers. According to the system development bracket method, the research team infer that dinosaurs are born with feathers, but these feathers are obviously not used for flying. In addition, the dinosaur's feather structure is similar to the feather structure of pterosaur, which can infer the entire bird's crickets that are inherently feathers. The research team believes that these primitive feathers are most likely to be used for thermal insulation of dinosaurs and even the entire bird.

Evolution branch diagram of important physiological characteristics on the system development framework

In the evening, the low latitudes are dominated by grassy and carnivorous dinosaur, which lacks herbivorous dinosaurs, indicating that herbivorous dinosaurs in low latitudes are competitive. The research team believes that this competition may be closely related to the changing and unpredictable plant resources and the rate of animal metabolism. Essence On the contrary, in the medium and high latitudes, grass -eating predators are significantly less than that of herbs. The research team believes that the primitive feathers with thermal insulation function ensure that grass -eating dinosaurs can resist the cold winter of high latitudes. , And then exclusively enjoy the abundant and stable plant resources of the medium and high latitudes, and the predators who have no feather insulation are unable to survive because they cannot resist the cold winter of the middle and high latitudes.

4) The volcanic winter has caused the eruption of the central Atlantic superflies in the end of the three -stack of land biostatic in the late Triangle. The global warming, ocean acidification, and hypoxia caused by the large number of CO2 caused by super volcanic eruption have always been considered the cause of marine creature extinction, but the global warming seems to be unable to explain the response of land organisms. Global warming should cause four -foot animal and plants to migrate to high latitudes, but in fact, four -foot animal in high latitudes, especially the basic lizards, not only survived in the extinction, but also migrated after the incident to the incident to the incident. Low latitudes areas, and large first dragon types in tropical areas, including dragons and predators, are almost all extinct. Therefore, the research team believes that super volcanic eruptions are the primary factor in winter in winter.

5) The rise of dinosaurs ecosystem after the end of the three stacks

Based on the ico sedimentation and dinosaurs' footprint fossil records of the Junggar Basin in my country, this study has proved that the dinosaurs with feathers have been adapted to the seasonal cold climate since the first time in the evening. The volcanic winter caused by the eruption of super volcano eruptions in the end of the end; most of the first dragon -type animals without feather insulation are extinct in the volcanic winter. Only a few small types of relatively small volumes are avoided in the cave and escaped the disaster.

The dinosaur volume increased rapidly after the end of the three -stacking biological extinction incident, and the geographical distribution range expanded rapidly: the wolverine foot dinosaurs expanded from the middle and high latitudes of the three stacks to the low latitudes; the affirmative bird hip dinosaurs appeared for the first time; The volume of the beasts' dinosaurs has increased by nearly 20%; the total number of dinosaurs is nearly doubled. Since then, the dinosaur has opened the era of earth -land hegemony for up to 130 million years!

The first funding fund of this study is a key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

◎ Thesis related information:

Paul Olsen*, Jingeng Sha*, Yanan Fang, Clara Chang, Jessica H. Whiteside, Sean Kinney, Hans-Dieter Sues, Dennis Kent, Morgan Schaller, Vivi Vajda, 2022. Arctic ice and the ecological rise of the dinosaurs. Science Advances Then, then, then

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo6342.

Copywriting | Fang Yen (Nanjing Institute of Geological Paraphor Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Capture Edit | Liu Yun

Copywriting review | Chen Xiaogen

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