Is the volcanic burst huge energy?Sorry, this only accounts for 2% of Earth's thermal energy

01

There is an energy flow on the earth on the earth. Although it is insignificant compared to solar radiation, it really affects the evolution of life on the ground, and its impact on the fate of human civilization is also inestimable.

This energy continued to reshape the marine riverbed at a moment, constantly stitching and tearing the land. Moreover, this large geological structure process is accompanied by repeated devastating disasters, such as strong earthquakes, tsunami crossing the ocean, and spectacular volcanic eruptions. These disasters will reshape the surface and will also bring devastating blows to life.

There are two sources of heat in the earth:

One is the basic thermal energy released during the slow cooling process of the earth's melting metal (mostly iron) core;

The other is the thermal energy released by radioactive substances (especially uranium 235, uranium 238, 钍 232, and potassium 40). The latter's energy flux is more important.

Although we can't determine the proportion of these two thermal sources at present, we have learned that the global power of geothermal energy has been learned by a lot of measurement is about 44 TW.

Except for the surface area of ​​the global power in the world, the global average power density of geothermal energy is less than 90 mW/m2, compared with the average sunshine density of 170 W/M2, the difference is 3 orders of magnitude.

There are significant differences in geothermal power density of different geographical locations on the earth: the average value of the sea bed is more than 70%higher than the average of land. On land, the value of ancient crustal rock areas is the lowest, and the Canadian shield area is a typical example.

In contrast, the youngest sea bed exudation is about three times the average of the sea bed. According to records, the largest place with the highest average value is the seabed distributed along the large ocean ridge. Here, the rising hot rock rises to form a new seabed. Therefore, the geothermal flow of the Pacific Ocean accounts for almost half of the geothermal geothermal. The hot spring at the bottom of the sea will spray a spectacular pillar. The temperature of the water is as high as 360 ° C, and the power density can reach the culprit per square meter. Only the power density when the volcano erupts can be compared with it.

About 60%of geothermal geothermal will be used for new sea beds formed along about 55,000km of sea ridges. These sea ridges divide the crust into multiple solid and slow -moving geological structure sections. The thickness of some places is less than 10 km, while other sectors carry large land, and the thickness of the crust in many places even exceeds 100 km.

According to the global spread of less than 5cm per year, the basalt of the coastal ridges rising from the mantle below to create a new sea bed of about 3km2 each year.

In the Aafal region, the Great Rift Valley of the East Africa, and the central part of Iceland in Eliteria and Somali, this cracking process can be witnessed on land.

The continuous spread of marine sectors will inevitably collide with a larger land sector, and the sea bed will inevitably be recovered into the mantle by diving downward.

The mantle layer is located between the crustal and liquid dartuctuclear, and it is a solid -state layer close to 3000 km thick. The deep -sea groove is the most magnificent and amazing feature of the dive effect of the sector.

This continuous cycle has led to no more than 200 million years in the age of all sea beds. In fact, most of the sea beds are less than 100 million years old. In addition, this is the reason why most of the most violent earthquakes (usually caused large -scale tsunami) and volcanic eruption are concentrated near the dive zone.

These areas constitute a huge semi -circular composed of deep -sea grooves in the Pacific Ocean. This semi -circular is extended from the Alexian Islands to the soup north of New Zealand. In these places, the Pacific sector with a faster movement will be squeezed to almost no movement. Below Australia and Eurasia.

Another major collision form between the marine sector and the mainland sector will form a towering ridge. For example, the collision between the Indian sector and the Eurasian sector is still pushing the Himalayas, and the Alps are also from the African sector and the Eurasian sector western in the west. The collision of the side part is created.

02

Many details of the energy and mechanics of the geological structure of the earth are still unknown, but there is no doubt that the dive effect of the surging magma of the coastal ridges and the section of the coastal ditch drives the largest cycle on the earth.

The new sea bed formed by the mantra magma is located at 3km above the deep sea plains. The hot rock stones of these sea beds have huge gravity potential and can provide thrust away from the sea bed.

Along the gap, the sinking of the cold sea bed will generate tension because it will force the torque to the sticky mantle. The importance of this force has been proven, because people have found that the average speed of the sector movement is closely related to the length of the dive: the short -term generation speed of the Pacific sector is as high as 20cm per year, and the long -term speed is as high as 90km per million years.

Such a speed shows that the mantle resistance that is directly proportional to the sector's area and movement speed must be relatively small.

Because volcanic eruption is intermittent and usually durable, the energy released by volcanic eruption only accounts for a small part of the global geothermal energy release.

Recently, it is estimated that this part of the energy accounts for about 2%of the total energy flux, but the difference between each year will be very large, because the two spectacular large -scale volcanic activities may be separated for decades. At the same time, some volcanic eruptions are violent, but the time is short; other volcanoes will continue to be active for a long time.

Most of the total energy released by volcanic releases are thermal energy, which is 1 to 3 magnitude more than other energy, but the carrier of different volcano releases thermal energy is different. Many volcanic heat energy is taken away from large -scale volcanic ash. These volcanic ash can be ascended all the way to flat flow layers, which will cause the ground temperature around the world to be lower than the normal level for several consecutive months.

At present, the most dangerous heat release is debris flow. It is mixed with volcanic materials such as fine gray and large rocks, and mixed with hot gas that may exceed 500 ° C. The hillside rushes to 100 km, burning everything that is burned and buried.

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