Explore the beautiful starry sky and reveal the mystery of the universe -commemorating the 5th anniversary of the "wisdom" satellite in the rail operation

Author: Liu Hongwei

Today is June 15, 2022, and it is also the day when the "Huiyan" satellite is flying around the 5th anniversary of the earth. It is only 4 years according to the designed life. The endless stream, so scientists held a satellite extension meeting and decided to let it do it for another two years. At present, the star -load fuel of the satellite platform is as good as the beginning, which can meet multiple rail improvements. It is expected that the "wisdom" satellite can also run stably for several years.

Figure 1: "Wisdom Eye" satellite observation double neutron star and the artistic map of gravitational wave incident

The full name of the "Huyan" satellite is the hard X-ray modulation telescope (HXMT) satellite. It is the first X-ray astronomical satellite in my country. On June 15, 2017 at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center, with a scientist We are looking forward to flying to the vast universe. It runs on a near -ground circular orbit of 550km, mainly used to observe and study black holes, neutron stars, gamma rays, etc. It is also a hard -to -come space telescope. From the project in 1993 It took 24 years to launch the satellite launch. It can be said that it represents the beginning of the astronomical Chinese space and condenses the wisdom and efforts of several generations of scientists. Behind it is the unity and cooperation of a large number of scientists and the silent dedication and persistence. One of the scientists , She is the founder of my country's high -energy celestial physics and "Mrs. Curie in China". Academician He Zehui, who has contributed to satellite projects, is named "Hui Eye" to the satellite in order to commemorate her. I hope this space telescope can be like her like her His eyes are like a torch, and the black holes are found through the blockade of interstellar material, looking for the beautiful scenery of high -energy celestial bodies.

The "Huiyan" satellite is mainly to observe the X -rays of celestial radiation in the universe to achieve scientific goals. Everyone knows that X -rays are the same as electromagnetic waves as visible light, but the wavelength of X -rays is shorter. The telescope at the X -ray celestial sources cannot obtain the image of X -ray at all. In order to solve this problem, scientists have thought of many solutions. For example, German scientist Walter invented the designed plunder -like mirror, and still adopts the principle of optical imaging, which can realize the X -ray focus of a certain energy range. The principle is not difficult to understand, just like standing by the lake and drifting. The lake surface is easier to make beautiful water drifts. On the other hand, the smaller the flat tiles and the lake surface, the easier it is to make beautiful water drift. The mystery of the plunder -like mirror that allows X -ray reflexes is that the roughness of the mirror surface is low enough, and the angle between the X -ray incident and the mirror surface is small enough. For example, in 2012, the NUSTAR Spectroscopic Telescope Array, which was launched in the United States, realized 79,000 electronic volt -ray focusing imaging. The mirror surface used by Nustar was repeatedly overlapped by high -density and low -density materials, each layer, each layer. Both thickness and surface roughness have reached atomic levels, and the consistency and stability of the process are rare in the world. Due to the difficulty of making rated mirroring, it has high requirements for the industrial level of a country. So far, it has not been able to make such a smooth and reflected X -ray mirror.

Faced with the technology gap of the domestic production technology at that time, Chinese scientists put a different approach on the algorithm and proposed a direct demodulation imaging method. Hard X -ray modulation telescope is born with the proposal of this method. In the early 1990s, Academician Li Yiche and researcher Wu Mei of the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found a new algorithm in the continuous exploration. Even if the focus cannot be achieved, the signal after the demodulation can be effectively restored into an image. This Methods are called direct demodulation technology and obtained satisfactory accuracy. The modulation is scanning. Academician Li Yizhen combined with the scanning detection technology and this image processing technology to propose the concept of hard X -ray modulation telescope. I hope that this simple and mature method can make up for the defects of domestic technology and make imaging observations for hard X -ray sources. , Get the sky map.

Hard X -rays refer to X -rays above 20,000 electron volt, and those who are below 10,000 electron volt are called soft X -rays. The hard X-ray modulation telescope only uses the original name. In fact, it is no longer limited to the hard X-ray. , 8-35 KEV, 952CM2) and low-energy X-ray telescope (LE, 1-12 KEV, 384cm2), the first realization of 1 to 250 thousand electronic volt can be achieved, which is conducive to observing and studying X-rays from different energy paragraphs. The radiation mechanism of celestial bodies. Zhang Shuangnan, the current chief scientist of the satellite, also creatively added the task of observing gamma storms, which expanded the satellite energy coverage by 10 times on the basis of the original to 3 mega electronic volts. Of course, high -energy X -ray detectors are still the core component of this satellite effective load.

Although the hard X -ray modulation telescope cannot be focused on imaging, it is due to feasible technology and good algorithms. It has a lot of unpredictable advantages, such as: (1) energy width, covering 1 to 250KEV, which is conducive to studying the X -ray radiation mechanism of different energy paragraphs. (2) Large detection area and many signals, which can find more features for the same observation celestial sources. (3) The field of view is large and the sky is fast. It can complete the silver surface scan in about two days. Because the general mirror telescope is small, it takes a long time to scan a sky area, so generally only fixed -point observations are made. (4) When observing the low -energy region, the advanced CCD detector is used to effectively avoid the accumulation of photons. It will not be blind to see the bright source. (5) The "dead" time is short, and the lost photons are much less than other detectors, and the detection efficiency is better. (6) Under the premise of not changing the software and hardware, innovatively adjusts the high voltage of the working high pressure of the optoelectronics pipe, adding an observation mode of gamma ray violence, and expanding the observation area. The "Huiyan" satellite has a unique advantage for 5 years, accumulated rich scientific data, and also produced a series of major scientific achievements. For example, on April 28, 2020, two radio telescopes on the earth received a signal of fast radio violence FRB200428. Before the 8.6S "Wisdom Eye" satellite detected the neutron star SGR J1935+2154 in the universe, The X -ray erupted, and the design of its unique mandarin designs, positioned the position of X -ray violence from the accuracy of radio electricity observation, the position of the X -ray storm SGR J1935+2154, and the time difference between the 8.6s is exactly the same as that of the interstellar substance to the radio signal signal The delay is equivalent. It is confirmed that the rapid radio violence originated from the outbreak of the magnetic star and cracked the mystery of the origin of fast radio violence. On February 19, 2021, the result was published online in the international journal Nature Astronomy (Natural Astronomy). Fast radio violence comes from the discovery of magnetic stars. The British "Nature" and the United States "Science" were included in the top ten scientific breakthroughs in 2020.

The "Huiyan" satellite is also directly and reliable to measure the strongest magnetic field of the universe to date. About 100 million times, the result was published at the international journal Astrophysical Journal Letters (APJL) on August 10, 2020.

The "Huiyan" satellite discovered the relatively recent relativity jet from the black hole, which was published online on September 21, 2020 on "Nature · Astronomy".

It also discovered the plasma flow (referred to as the crown) of the black hole in the black hole in the black hole in the black hole, and the speed evolution of the crowns was observed in the black hole double star. On Nature Communications ("Nature · Communication").

It carried out X -ray pulse star navigation experiments, and the positioning accuracy reached within 10 kilometers (3 times the standard deviation). It further verified the feasibility of using the vessel's independent navigation of the spacecraft, laying the foundation for the actual application of the future in the future. Related papers were officially published in the "Ocean Physics Magazine" (additional issue) in the United States on August 21, 2019.

On August 17, 2017, the "Hui Eye" satellite was lucky to monitor the world's first double neutron star and gravitational waves during the rail test. The radiation properties of vod) have given strict restrictions, and have made important contributions to comprehensively understanding the physical mechanism of the gravitational wave event and the physical mechanism of gravitational waves.

The "Huiyi" satellite has a complete detection of high -energy radiation process of the 24th solar activity week. It provides new observation results for understanding the high energy radiation of the sun over time. Astrophysical Journal).

For the first time, the "Huiyan" satellite clearly observed the panoramic view of the black hole double star explosion, revealing the mechanism of the standard image generation of the two -star explosion of the Black Hole. superior.

At present, it has made important contributions in the direction of gravitational wave gamma violence, fast radio storms, black holes, and neutron stars. It has published more than 120 papers and published more than 3,500 articles.

Figure 2: "Wisdom Eye" Satellite Observation of the Mystery of Magnetic Star Cracking the Origin of Express Electricity Storm

Figure 3: "Wisdom Eye" satellite measurement to the strongest magnetic field of the universe

Figure 4: "Huyan" satellite found the relativity injection closest to the black hole

The launch of the "Huiyan" satellite and its research results have contributed the power of Chinese for X -ray astronomy. I believe that in the future, she must live up to expectations and contribute more scientific results to the world. In order to better study the extreme astronomical phenomenon in the universe, Chinese scientists have proposed a large-scale international cooperation project enhanced X-ray time change and polarizing space observatory (ENTP), an enhanced X-Ray Timing and Polarimetry Mission (Extp). It is mainly involved in more than 100 research institutes including Europe, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, and France, including Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Spain, and France.聚焦望远镜阵列（Spectroscopy Focusing Array, SFA）、偏振测量聚焦望远镜阵列（Polarimetry Focusing Array, PFA）、大面积准直型望远镜阵列（Large Area Detector， LAD）、广角监视器（Wide Field Monitor），将实现Large-scale, high dynamic range, high-signal-to-noise-to-noise-to-no-noise-to-no-noise X-ray "can spectrity-time change" and "time change-polar" observation; it is the next-generation flagship space X-ray observatory in my country. "There is a significant improvement, which can see the universe more finely. What's more important is that it will use the rated telescope technology, let us wait and see. Figure 5: Extp schematic diagram

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