How does the National Land Day 丨 rice and soil formed?

Although this sentence seems to be reasonable, it seems that the important impact of land on crop growth although this sentence seems to be deserved. Taihu Basin has the reputation of fish and rice hometown. Due to the superiority of natural conditions, and the hard work and reasonable fertilizer of farmers for thousands of years, it is distributed in Taihu Lake in Taihu Lake. The landscape is lush all year round.

The fine cultivation of rice and soil in Taihu Lake is not only long -established, but also famous in the country. This fertile land has created many kinds of rice experts. Tang Baoming, a farmer's model of farmers in Jiangyin County in the 1950s.

Soil fertility is the basis of planting

The three provinces and cities of the Taihu area across the river, Zhejiang, and Shanghai are one of the old rice areas with a long history of farming in my country. Before liberation, there were only two or three hundred pounds of rice per mu, and the three -wheat acre was only 100 pounds. After liberation, farmers' production enthusiasm continued to play, realizing the indicators of Sanmai Gana Rice, and the increasing production indicators. Due to the continuous improvement and innovation of rice cultivation measures, the continuous improvement of soil fertility, in the 1970s, the production of rice per mu in the 1970s had exceeded 1,000 pounds.

Agricultural production is affected by the natural factors and human factors. The fertile soil is the basis for the high yield of crops. Cultivating fertile rice soil is an inseparable part of the construction of high -yield and stable basic farmland.

Rice soil is an extremely important type of soil. It is widely distributed. Taking my country as an example, the southern red soil area, the Northeast Black Earth area, and the Yangtze River Basin all have a piece of rice soil distributed. Each summer is planted in the summer, and rice is rich in rice. As a staple food for the people of our country, we must stretch the rice bowl firmly in our own hands.

Yunnan Red Land Picture Source: Veer Gallery

To this end, in order to realize the hiding food and the skills of hiding food, we must vigorously cultivate fertile rice soil; the cultivation process of fertile rice soil varies from the cultivation system, and also changes with the improvement of production level. The more obvious the impact of farming.

What are the fertility characteristics of rice soil?

The characteristics of fertile rice and soil in various places are different, but the common features are that water, fertilizer, qi, and thermal factors are more coordinated, with moderate nutrients, robust soil, easy to regulate, suitable for crop growth, high yield and stable production.

1. Moderate soil leakage: Water is an important material condition that affects soil nutrients, air, temperature and other conditions. Farmers from all over the country attach great importance to "water adjustment, gas adjustment, fertilizer" and "water adjustment, temperature and fertilizer". effect.

In production practice, the peasants are easy to dry according to whether the water surface water is easy to dry, and the water conditions of the rice soil are divided into three types: "refreshing water", "leakage" and "cyst water" to distinguish the quality of the soil. Generally, the fertile rice soil is mostly refreshing water fields. It has a moderate leakage, refreshing water, water preservation and fertilizer. It can not only update the soil environment, improve the nutritional conditions and environment of the soil, but also supplement oxygen supplement to the soil and bring the fertilizers applied into the roots.

The leakage of the leakage field is too large, and the leakage and leakage are fertilized. Due to the excessive dilution or loss of nutrients, it is unfavorable to the growth of rice. The soil leakage of the cyst water field is extremely poor, the water is less and less, and the water and nutrients are less losing. However, due to the accumulation of toxic substances, the metabolism process of rice growth will be suppressed.

These situations show that the nutritional conditions and environmental conditions of rice are affected by soil leakage. Survey data show that Shuangshui Field is easy to adjust and can provide a good soil environment for high -yield rice.

2. Good soil structure: Fat rice and soil have a good section structure, generally consisting of four layers, that is, deep farming layers, more developed plow bottom layers, obvious vertical stratum corporal layers and well -retained bottom soil Floor. These four levels have both their own characteristics and harmoniously form a whole.

3. Moderate and coordinated soil nutrients: The organic matter of fertile rice soil and other nutrients does not, the better, but the appropriate amount and coordination. This is a fertile rice soil one of the most important fertility characteristics.

In summary, rice soil is a unique type of soil. It is a kind of soil formed by the cultivation of rice under the cultivation system that is cultivated by planting rice or under the cultivation of rice.

The color of rice soil is different in different vertical directions?

Below, the author takes the rice soil in the Taihu area of ​​his hometown as an example to specifically describe the color characteristics of rice soil. This feature is mainly manifested on the soil section, that is, in the vertical direction, in addition, in different areas, that is, the horizontal direction is also different. According to the natural terrain and landforms in the Taihu area, it can be expressed in four areas.

1. Low hills

The district is located in the west and northern parts of the Taihu area, with low mountain hills. The foot slope and the soil hills have been built in the fields to diversion rice. After many years of rice, it has formed side seepage of rice and soil, also known as horsesh liver soil; it is seen from the soil section, the farming layer is light gray yellow, a small amount of rust pattern and blood spots. C first.

Left: Terraces (Source: Literature 1) Right: Ma liver and soil section (picture source: literature 1)

2. Taihu Plain District

The district is located in the northern and east of Taihu Lake, consisting of loess substances. It is flat and open. In the northern plain, the development of rice leaks, also known as black soil, can be seen from its soil section that the farming layer is gray -yellow rust pattern, which is based on the gray -yellow gel film and rust spots. Gray with a large amount of tuberculosis rust spots.

In the village side of the village and the plain area, the cultivation of people is cultivated, and it is multi -developed into refreshing water and rice soil. The rust spots become yellow -brown below it, and then the gray -yellow brown becomes brown -gray, with rusty spots and lime tuberculosis. Left: Wu Ni Earth Section (Source: Literature 1) Right: cool rice soil section (Source: Literature 1)

3. Flowing plain area

The district is distributed on both sides of the Yangtze River and the Qiantang River. It can be divided into two parts: Haiji Plains and Venturing Plains. Sandy leakage rice and soil are mostly distributed on both sides of the river and the river. The typical soil section shows that the farming layer is gray yellow -brown, light yellow brown, and the bottom is the gray sand soil layer.

Establishing rice soil section (picture source: Literature 1)

4. Low -lying Putian District

The district is in a lake depression. Due to drainage and stacking effects, a unique soil combination and resumption are formed, mainly swamp rice soil. This district can be divided into multiple sub -regions. Yangcheng Lake Putian District: Mainly Putian. After the soil is dehydrated, it forms a edge -shaped structure.

Hangjia Lake Dangtian District: The texture is mild, the swamp is long, and the gray diving layer appears more. Other Putian Districts are mostly transferred to the hilly plains. The texture is more sticky, and the gray -white diveding layer often appears. It can be seen from the picture that the surface is the peat layer, blue and black, light yellow underneath, with a blood -blooded section; the deep -white potential layer.

Left: Swamp rice soil section (Source: Literature 1) Right: The morphological characteristics of blood blood (Source: Literature 1)

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Chen Dongfeng Li Chengbao (Nanjing Soil Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

references

1. Xu Qi et al., 1980, rice and soil in Taihu, China, Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House.

2. Editor -in -chief of the Nanjing Institute of Soil Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1978, China Soil, Science Press.

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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