How to break through the "card neck" in China "artificial solar"

Reporter Fan Wei Cao Siqi

The use of nuclear agglomerations to obtain continuous clean energy supply like the sun is a long -term dream of human beings. China has gone to the forefront of the world in the use of controlling nuclear fusion. In December 2020, the new generation of "artificial solar" developed by the China Nuclear Group Nuclear Industry Southwest Physics Research Institute-China Ringer 2 M device (HL-2M) was achieved for the first time. Among the 76ers who undertake this high -end science project, 57 were young people under the age of 35. On May 4th Youth Day, this team of Yong climbing technology has won the 26th "China Youth May Fourth Medal Collective". "Global Times" reporter recently interviewed China's "growing sun" team to listen to them how to realize China's "fusion energy dream" under the blockade of foreign technology.

The core components are independent design and manufacturing in China

Zhong Wulu, deputy director of the Institute of Fusion Science of the Southwest Physics Research Institute of China Nuclear Group Nuclear Industry, said in an exclusive interview with the Global Times reporter that "'' artificial sun 'with its advantages of rich resources, environment -friendly and inherent security will become the future of human beings. The ideal energy is also an effective way to finally solve the energy and environmental problems of human social social. It is of great strategic significance for my country's economic and social development and industrial construction. "

However, compared to the mature application of nuclear fission principles in nuclear power plants, humans want to "control" thermal nuclear fusion reactions, but they face many problems and challenges.

Zhong Wulu introduced that the conditions of nuclear fusion occurred very harsh. This process first needs to be carried out in extremely high temperature conditions. "The nucleus must have sufficient kinetic energy. It is close to each other to make the short -range nucleus attractive playback. " In addition, it is necessary to create a condition of high -density of plasma. "The density of the nucleus nucleus is high enough to increase the probability of the collision between the nucleus and the nuclear fusion reaction." To achieve controllable nuclear fusion, it also needs to maintain a longer energy constraint time. "Maintaining a long time and high -density nuclear reaction conditions for a long time can keep the nuclear fusion reaction continuously."

In Zhongwu's opinion, although the principle of nuclear fusion is simple, the development of nuclear fusion energy is a challenge to human scientific and technical limit, because this requires that under artificial control conditions The energy constraint time "three multiplications" must reach a certain value. Scientifically, this special condition that will maintain energy balance in the nuclear fusion reactor is called "Lawson judgment". "Only when the nuclear fusion reaction releases enough energy to maintain the operation of the nuclear fusion reactor and have considerable energy output, so that the fusion reaction continues."

According to China's nuclear energy development of the three-step strategy of the "hot pile-fast pile-clustering pile", China's goal is to independently develop the nuclear concentration reactor. Among them, a new generation of "artificial sun" is an important measure for my country's development nuclear fusion energy. It marks the design, construction, and operating technology of my country's independent grasp of large advanced Takamak devices. Lay the solid foundation.

According to Zhong Wulu, the new generation of "artificial sun" is the most large -scale and most parameter magnetic nuclear fusion experiment research device in China. It adopts advanced structure and control methods. , Plasma current capacity is increased to more than 2.5 trillion, and plasma ion temperature can reach 150 million degrees, which can achieve high -density, high -rate pressure, and high -end current operation. This device is also the first internationally the first internationally the nuclear fusion advanced research platform with a variety of advanced polarizers in Zhaorianpei plasma current. "The core components of the device are independent design and manufacture of China. It is an important reliance device to realize my country's nuclear fusion energy development business. It is also one of the largest international cooperation projects in my country -ITER ) It is an indispensable platform for technology. "▲ ▲ ▲

Break through technology blockade and improve Made in China

According to a reporter from the Global Times, the new generation of "artificial sun" is composed of core components such as vacuum rooms, coil systems, generator sets, and support structures. Behind this "artificial sun" in China, there is a series of inspirational stories that break the blockade of foreign technology and fill in domestic gaps.

Taking the vacuum chamber as an example, the device provides an ultra -vacuum environment for the "artificial sun" discharge experiment, which is used to install hundreds of millions of degrees of high -temperature plasma. In the early days of the design and development, the "Planting Sun" team visited more than 10 large manufacturing companies. All reasons were informed that the equipment was unable to process due to the high design accuracy of the equipment, difficult manufacturing difficulty, difficulty in welding of thin -walled welding, and difficulty in domestic experience. The team refined scientific design parameters into the implementation of engineering drawings, and guides manufacturers to processing manufacturers by jointly developing and hand -handling teaching. After 6 years of difficult exploration, the team created my country's first D -shaped cross -section special dual -layer dual -tigen -like -walled all -welded loop -shaped ultra -high vacuum container, related process and technical indicators reached the international leading level.

The coil system provides a strong magnetic field of about 50,000 times the Earth's magnetic field for the "artificial solar" device discharge experiment to accurately and stable control of hundreds of millions of high -temperature plasma. According to the initial design plan, the coil manufacturing was originally used to "benefit the old transformation" scheme. With the in -depth development of construction and the rapid development of international nuclear fusion research, the R & D team found that if "new development" is adopted, the design parameters can ensure that the international advanced level can be reached, and even partially leads. Essence Facing the dilemma, the team chose a more challenging "new development" based on a large number of scientific calculations and analysis. They first pioneered the largest domestic operating current strong magnetic field D -shaped special -board -proof -split -split -split rounded field coils, breaking the original capacity limit of round and alien oxygen tubes outside the domestic large -section, and originality of the large -sized and high -intensity of domestic large -sized albums. Chromium -chromium copper manufacturing technology, a number of craftsmanship leading first -class foreign devices. The generator crew is a giant "charging treasure" for "artificial solar". It can reach 1300 trillion trillion in single interpretation, and its power is equivalent to Qinshan's first phase of nuclear power plants. The research team captured the technologies such as the super -large power sliding adjustment, the large vertical six -phase pulse motor electrical braking and other technologies, and developed the first large -scale vertical axis pulse generator crew in China to fully independently intellectual property rights. The basic electricity consumption of the city, some indicators also lead the international level.

Zhong Wulu introduced that in order to ensure that the performance of the device meets the needs of physical experimental research under the conditions of the pile -level plasma parameters, the difficulty and process complexity of the "artificial sun" engineering technical technical difficulty and process Level limit. "The United States once banned the sale of high -intensity expansion bolts required for the construction of the" artificial solar "on the grounds of core technology. Facing this" card neck "problem that must be solved, we look for a breakthrough from the vast literature materials and passed hundreds of materials through hundreds of materials. The comparison and thousands of trial production finally overcome key technologies, break the blockade abroad, create a large -scale high -strength expansion bolt with no precedent in China, reduced production cost by nearly 90%, which greatly saves scientific research funds. "

It is also through this high -intensity technical research that the "artificial solar" research and development team has a number of core technologies. Through the joint efforts of large state -owned enterprises, it has greatly improved the research and development capabilities and equipment manufacturing level of complex products. At the same time as innovation, it has also promoted industrial technology. ▲

Deepen international cooperation and contribute Chinese power

In 2006, China, the European Union, the United States, Russia, Japan, South Korea, and India jointly signed an international thermal nuclear fusion experimental heap (ITER) project startup agreement. It is also the largest international science and technology cooperation project that China has participated in equality.

According to Zhong Wulu, the project is also the largest nuclear fusion research institution and international organization cooperation projects of more than 30 major world -main nuclear fusion research institutions and international organization cooperation projects of "artificial sun". "China joined the ITER program as a 'equal partner', and the contribution ratio accounted for about 9%, of which more than 70%of them contributed in physical contributions, that is, develop and manufacture ITER device components. China has delivered relevant tasks on time, high standards, and high quality on time, high standards, and high quality. The completion of the quality and progress is at the forefront of the ITER seven parties, which has effectively promoted the implementation of the project and was fully affirmed by the participating parties. "

Zhong Wulu believes that China ’s international scientific programs like ITER have undoubtedly improved China's ability to lead the international scientific project. By continuously deepening international cooperation and exchanges, China is also learning from the international controlling nuclear fusion experimental device design, construction, and operation of existing successful experience, and strengthen the shortcomings. "Participating in the ITER program is a key step in my country's magnetic constraint nuclear aggregation energy research and development plan. Based on the current status of my country's magnetic constraint nuclear fusion research, the future clustering pile in China is still facing some key science and technical challenges. We should make full use of the construction and operation of ITER, focus on carrying out talent training and technical reserves, accelerate the development of key technologies for future fusion piles that ITER has not covered, and effectively solve the shortcomings and card necks faced by the independent design and construction of the polymerization. The development pattern of nuclear fusion industry. "

At the same time, Zhong Wulu said that during the ten years of participating in ITER, China's fusion research has also reached some "leading running" from technology "running" and "running". The new generation of "artificial solar" is an important The platform has also trained a group of high -level scientific and technological talents with high -level scientific and technological talents with the ability to participate in large scientific engineering. Make all kinds of talents study and exert their ability. These measures have played an important role in promoting the great changes in China's scientific and technological innovation and development in the past decade. "▲ ▲