Astronomical science: What is the composition of planet halo?What is the broken stone?

Exploring the planetary ring

StarCraft -the mystery of the ring belt

In the photo of the Cassini spacecraft, you can see Saturn's satellite Prometheus, Pandora, and Ai Moxus is in the aura of the planet. The new views of Pan, Dabitis, Atlas, Pandora, and Shebukos all hinted that this may be the reason why these satellites are strange.

(Picture Source: NASA/Jet Promotion Laboratory)

The form of the empire

Many of us are familiar with Saturn and its obvious ring pictures. In fact, Saturn is not just one ring -if you look at the telescope, you will see at least eight rings in Saturn. This is called a ring system.

Saturn is not the only planet with a halo. Jupiter, Neptune and Uranus also have a halo system, but their halo is smaller, darker, and more difficult to see.

These rings are composed of billions of particles running around their planets. The composition of these particles varies from planet. Even the material composition in the same ring system is different.

Radio waves

We started to understand the composition of these particles by calculating their size and weight. One way is to use radio covering the technology.

Objects that change magnetic fields in space -such as planets and even space satellites -will produce radio waves. When these radio signals pass through the ring around the planet, the particles in the ring will affect them in different ways, depending on the size of the particles and their weight. If the radio signal shows that these particles are heavy, they may consist of iron and other substances. The lighter particles may be made of low -density materials, such as aluminum.

We can also measure the reflection of the particles to help determine their composition and their status -such as whether they are liquid or solid. Water can appear in different states: it can be liquid, but it can also be solid ice or snow. Ice is stronger than water, while snow is extremely reflected -stronger than ice or water. Thanks to this measurement, we know that most of the particles of the Saturn ring are composed of water ice.

In this photo taken by the Cassini spacecraft, when the sun passed through the Saturn's aura, the shadow shrouded Saturn's southern hemisphere. This photo was taken in the red light on March 19, 2016 with a wide -angle camera of the spacecraft.

(Picture Source: NASA/Jet Promotion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology/Space Science)

Jupiter's ring system is small Composition of dust particles,But they are not water ice particles like Saturn. Instead, these particles are likely to be composed of rocks, consisting of substances similar to small asteroids and rock satellites.

Although the aura of Uranus is unclear, they are dark and their reflection is not strong. This shows that they are not composed of water ice. Instead, they may be dust particles with carbon or carbon (such as charcoal).

The halo of Neptune is darker than Uranus, and its density indicates that they are composed of more fine dust. It may come from a mixture of the same price of a carbon or carbon, such as methane ice.

Measted light

In order to obtain a more detailed ring structural information, scientists checked the light from the particles. We do this by breaking the light as a rainbow, just like the rain point, decomposing the sun into a rainbow. This rainbow is called a spectrum, which can tell us detailed information about the color of the particles and their composition. At present, Saturn is the only planet we use high -resolution spectrum.

During the spectral process of measuring Saturn's ring particles, we found that in addition to water and ice, they also contain organic substances known as iron and Solin, which makes them have them to have Mild red. Some ring particles are as small as dust and sand, while others are as large as a double -layer bus.

A new telescope called James Weber space telescope will soon help us observe these ring systems in detail and their spectrum to further understand their manufacturing. With this new telescope, we There may even be more circles around the satellite, not just planets.

Related knowledge

Saturn ring is the most prominent and obvious planetary ring of the planet of the solar system. There are countless small particles in the ring. Its size from micron to rice, tracks track, tracks track, track track, track track, track track, track track, orbit track, track track, track track, track track, track track, orbit track, track track, track track, track track, track track, track track, orbit track, track track, track track, track of track Rubbing runs around Saturn. The main ingredients in the ring in the ring are water ice, as well as some dust and other chemicals.

Although the reflex of the ring can increase Saturn's visual star (brightness), the ring is still invisible from the earth's eyes. In 1610, when the telescope pointed to the sky for the first time, although Galileo could not clearly see the nature of the ring, he was the first person to observe the earth star ring. In 1655, Huygers became the first person to describe the ring around Saturn [1].

Although many people think that the Saturn ring is accumulated from many small small rings (this concept can be traced back to Raplaz) [1], and there are some and there are some, and there are some and there are. A few real gaps. The more correct idea is that these rings are concentrics but have extremely valuable ring plates in density and brightness. At the scale of the cluster, there are many empty spaces between the rings.

There are some gaps in the middle of the ring: there are two already known to be known to be and quiltThe other gaps are not known to the causes caused by the fluctuations caused by rail resonance buried in the ring.Stable resonance, on the other hand, also maintains some long -term existence, such as the Titan ring.

by: Maggie Lieu

fy: jane

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