Why do we need the efforts of generations for the scientific revolution?Scientists also have an irrational side

Hello everyone, today I will continue to introduce scientific philosophers and Kun's philosophy. We introduced earlier that the essence of the scientific revolution is to observe the changes in the conceptual network of the world, or it is the change of our worldview. This change is not only a conceptual change, but more importantly, the world we see will be a new world.

Kun said that the ducks that scientists saw before the scientific revolution became rabbits after the revolution. Before the revolution, we saw the lines on paper, and the revolution saw a map.

In short, the scientific revolution is not just a change in ideas. The constitutional way we see has changed, and it is a change in the conceptual network. This is similar to a conversion and understanding of a perspective. The author uses examples of format psychology to explain this transformation. Format psychology is an important psychological genre. When I introduced the philosopher Mero Pontel, it introduced it before. Its main concept is to emphasize the integrity of experience and behavior, and oppose structuralist psychology. Actions independently become an experience element to analyze.

They believe that human behavior is a whole, including experience, emotions, thinking, etc., such as seeing a book on the table, which is a complete behavior. Constructive psychology has decomposed this behavior into some independent perception elements, such as a square table, a rectangular book, red cover and so on. But the format psychology believes that this is just a kind of intellectual game. Just like we see a map on the paper, not a collection of points and lines.

There is a well -known format psychological experiment. They installed the subject's eyes with reverse lens. At first, the world that these people saw was completely inverted. But because our past consciousness will still operate in the past, the result is that these people have completely lost their sense of direction, which has brought a lot of impact on their consciousness. But after a while, the subjects began to study and adapt to this contrast, and then their vision would jump back to normal.

Kun uses this example to metaphorize the scientific revolution is a conversion of perspective, and fully interpret the phenomenon, which is exactly the way the scientific revolution occurs. Let's give a famous example, Galileo's example of the clock, we have all seen a rope tied to an object, and then swinging left and right. This is a very common phenomenon. How to explain the left and right swinging?

在亚里士多德的范式中，他们相信一个物体的运动是由它们的本性引起的，在亚里士多德的世界观中，任何事物都具有四个因：形式因、质料因、动力因And the cause. Objects have the purpose of natural movement to the center of the universe, that is, the purpose of the earth center movement, and the heavier the movement of object movements, that is, the heavier the object, the faster the speed of the object swing.

However, when Galileo observed objects swinging, it was found that different objects of different objects were the same time. This is the famous "equivalent time". After the experiment, Galileo discovered more about other properties about sports, and his new dynamics was built on this basis.

The scientific revolution means that the way we observe the world has changed. In a new way, we will see a new world, but this process is not happened overnight. As we said at the beginning, it was not a new theory to pseudo the old theory. The scientific revolution occurred, and the occurrence of the scientific revolution was actually much longer.

The real situation is that nearly a century after Copernicus's death, his doctrine did not have a few believers; Newton's classic "Mathematics Principles of Natural Philosophy" was published for more than half a century after the publication, and Newton's research was not generally accepted; Prrystell has never received the theory of oxygen, although he may be the first person to discover oxygen; Cairvin has never received electromagnetic theory, etc. The real scientific revolution often requires the efforts of one generation and even generations of people. Essence This process is even full of irrationality.

Just as a physicist Max Planck once said in his autobiography: The victory of a new scientific truth does not rely on the conviction and understanding of its opponents. The new generation of this new scientific truth has grown up. Just like a paragraph, it is because your child does not listen to you, so this society can improve.

In fact, scientists are also people, even a stubborn group. Although they have rational and professional knowledge, they are also very critical and even have gained countless honors and achievements, but when they face criticism and doubts, it is difficult to be convinced.

As a philosopher Pascal said: People are generally easy to persuade themselves by themselves, rather than the reasons for others. Real reason, critical rationality.

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