What?We still live in the dinosaur era!

Author:Institute of Physics of the Ch Time:2022.06.24

To say that the most popular exhibits in the Natural Museum, dinosaurs are definitely the favorite of many friends. But if I say that we can actually see a lot of dinosaurs without entering the Natural Museum, and it is still alive, you will definitely say that you do n’t make a joke.

And if I say that the little sparrows pecking grass seeds in front of the room, these birds are actually dinosaurs around us, will you be surprised? Still surprise?

So what is the relationship between birds and dinosaurs? To answer this question, we can get step by step.

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Who is the dinosaur?

First of all, we want to define who the dinosaurs we want to say.

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There are many crawled animals in the middle generation. When we are saying "dinosaurs", we must not follow the pterosaurs that fly in the sky, fish dragons swimming in the water, snake -necked dragons, Shanglong, and Canglongs. Animals are pulled together because these animals have a certain relationship with dinosaurs, but they are in different evolutionary branches.

Mesozoic Pterosaur

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Is there a dinosaur in this picture?

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Typical representatives of the dinosaur family in different periods

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The real dinosaurs only include lizard hips and bird's hips, and they are often known as lizard and bird hips in many cases. (P.S. Small knowledge: The basic unit of biological classification is the genus Modeling of the domain gate, so when we use the word "class" in Chinese context, it is actually reasonable to cover any order.)

Different typical groups of dinosaurs

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If you add more words, according to the scientific classification system, dinosaurs are actually the collective name of Dinosauria under the DIAPSIDA under the DIAPSIDA under Sauropsida.

The evolution of dinosaurs

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Under this classification unit is the familiar lizard and bird's hips.

Real dinosaurs different categories of evolved trees

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Thanks to the research on dinosaurs and birds over the past two decades, many friends now generally know that birds have evolved from dinosaurs.

But this sentence is actually outdated under the rigorous scientific system. In other words, we can say that the little sparrows outside the window are descendants of dinosaurs, but now we want to say that the little sparrows are dinosaurs itself.

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This is because in the new concept of dinosaurs, birds are no longer the descendants of dinosaurs, but a dinosaur. The birds themselves are dinosaurs.

In rigorous scientific words, we will call the extinction dinosaurs as non -bird dinosaurs or non -bird dinosaurs, and modern birds are classified as bird -type dinosaurs.

Look at the relationship between these famous animals and birds

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The relationship between dinosaurs and birds

For the classification system of existing animals, existing birds are a outline of the vertebrate door, the Outline (English), and it looks tied with amphibious, crawling, and mammal. That's right, many textbooks are also written like this.

Classic, but not accurate traditional vertebrate classification display

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However, in the most rigorous statement of science, the Bird Gang is actually "the crown of bird wings". Do you think these words do n’t think of it, but you ca n’t understand it even together?

The relationship between non -bird type dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus Dragon and modern birds

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Then let's explain, first of all, the concept of Guanqun. To put it simply, on the basis of traditional classification, today's classified scholars are often more inclined to use order classification and systems.

Under this system, the crown (English called Crown Group or Crown Assemblage) means -in the process of biological evolution, all the recent ancestors of all existing members in the evolutionary branch and all offspring of the ancestor.

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The evolutionary branch is called Clade in English, which means that a complete branch of the system has a tree. You can imagine a tree representing biological evolution in your mind. One of the evolution branches is like a branch. The evolutionary branch represents a biological evolution branch.

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In the above picture, the blue area is a evolutionary branch, but it is clear that except for the last bird (Aves), other categories behind the reptilia are classified as crawling animals. This picture shows the evolutionary relationship between the base crawling animals and the existing animal groups, and the evolutionary relationship between them

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In other words, the crowns include a group of existing objects and their recent ancestors, and all extinct species evolved from the ancestor.

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Putting on birds, Birds refers to the existing birds of the live birds and their recent ancestors, as well as all extinct species evolved from this ancestor.

Therefore, it is not to say that the "birds" in the paleontological world are birds. The bird outline we are accustomed to the modern classification system belongs to a larger classification unit -Avialae. Bird wings can cover the classification unit of bird -type dinosaurs.

This is the branch of the bird wing

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For example, our familiar bird bird belongs to the bird wings, but it does not belong to the bird gang. In other words, according to the usual definition, when the species of the Birds are birds, the bird's bird is not a bird.

The most famous one of the bird fossils -Sauronhofen Specimen

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Of course, the relationship between bird wings and present birds must be clear. It is very brain. You can simply see who includes who includes who includes.

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The bird wing itself is during the period of the period of 150 million years ago, a period of 150 million years ago, during the period of the period of the junction of Jurassic and Baiya at the junction of the Baiya and Baiya, the virtual bone dragon of the beasts and siblings in the dinosaurs (scientific dinosaurs) Class-some non-bird-type dinosaurs with feathers in hand stealing dragons have gradually evolved in batches.

No matter what time the small dinosaurs, I like to catch insects

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Pay attention to the word "in batches", which means from non -bird -type dinosaurs to bird -type dinosaurs to real birds in bird -type dinosaurs. There is not only one evolution route, not only once.

Therefore, the bird outline containing the living birds is actually a evolutionary branch of the bird wings after layers of classification, so the Bird Outline will also be called the Neornithes.

Can you find the birds in this dinosaur family evolution map?

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It was just that after the endless incident of the Bai Yan Ji, the sources of the evolution of bird -type dinosaurs -non -bird -type dinosaurs were all extinct, that is, the overlord dragons and triangular dragons we were familiar with disappeared.

The bird -shaped dinosaurs that belong to the bird wings and not belong to the bird gang are gradually extinct in tens of millions of years after this great extinction. Fish, birds, dusk birds, etc.

In recent years, human beings have become more and more clear about the evolution of various groups of existing birds.

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In the end, there are only Bird Gang species that stayed until today. Of course, in this extinction, there must be a lot of the real birdline species, but the species that survived in them have evolved to today, becoming the 10,000 existing existing birds around us.

The evolutionary tree of existing birds

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In this way, when we clearly understand the scientific meaning of the two words of birds and dinosaurs and the relationship between them, it is not difficult for us to find a fact -the rule of dinosaurs is still excellent. Birds, as real genuine dinosaurs, still occupy an important position on this planet.

See where the birds in mammals and dinosaurs are located

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Of course, although it seems that the real mammals that have been evolved into the evolution of crawled animals as early as the Dietnia have evolved to the evolution of climbing animals, and the real mammals that have evolved in the Triplet are now occupying the "rule" status on the earth, especially on land. Not to mention, the "horror upright ape" evolved in the mammal family -that is, how "I am alone" in how we humans are in.

After all, those soaring figures in the sky will always remind us that the dinosaur era has not yet ended!

Birds- "Change" a dinosaur with a skin sac

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Even the vertebrates with the largest number of single species on the earth are likely to be occupied by bird -type dinosaurs -home chicken.

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It is said that the number of these dinosaurs may exceed 10 billion every time ... Although many of them are born for filling our belly, but the significance of the existence of creatures -breeding huge populations, survival survival, survivalJudging from the two wider areas of the earth, the representative of the chicken as a bird -type dinosaur still wins.You think the chicken is on the first floor, the actual family is ...

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