Protect the northeast black soil and keep China's "rice bowl"!

As the saying goes, the people take food as the sky, and the country takes food as a safe. Food is the key to survival by humans. So where does the grain come from? Another sentence gives the answer -all the soil is born in all things. With earthencies and food, food crops grow on their feet.

The soil not only provides plants to the home seeds, but also provides nutrients for plant growth through organic substances in the soil. The more organic substances in the soil, the darker the soil color, so the well -developed black soil nutrients are sufficient, which is very suitable for soil types that are very suitable for grain crops.

Small buds in the black soil (picture confession)

There are four fertile black land in the world, one of which is located in the three northeast provinces of my country and the East Fourth Mongolian region of Inner Mongolia. Nowadays, there is an average of a bowl of black land from the Northeast in each three bowls of rice.

Where is the black soil "fat"?

The fertile black soil is based on the organic matter of the soil. How does the soil organic matter be formed? The soil that seems to be "quiet" on weekdays is actually the vitality of life. In addition to the seeds of the germination, the root system of the plant, and the soil animals for food, there is also a group of soil organic production experts in the soil, which is the "indigenous residents" that are invisible but ubiquitous -soil microorganisms, such as Bacteria, fungi and so on.

When there are dead branches falling on the ground, soil microorganisms will break down these plant residues while eating. Become a part of the microorganism itself. After the death of microorganisms, he contributed soil to the new soil organic matter [2].

Soil microorganisms plays an important role in the decomposition of dead leaves/plant residues and the formation of soil organic matter (the author's picture)

In this way, after the generation of microorganisms from generation to generation, foreign plant components are gradually transformed into nutritious soil organic matter. Therefore, fallen leaves are not ruthless. Under the processing of soil microorganisms, it can be turned into spring mud to help plant growth.

The northeast of my country is located in the temperate monsoon climate area. It is warm and bright in spring, high temperature and rain in summer, and the plant growth is strong. Sending a large amount of fresh organic matter to the soil to supply microorganisms and production organic matter; "The plants that have time to decompose and process in the future will accumulate in the soil. In view of the unique geographical location and climate conditions in the Northeast, after winter, the organic matter formed by the input and microbial processing of plant residues is more and more, and the soil is getting fatter and darker.

Black soil is facing the dilemma of "not black or fat"

It can be seen from the above that the supply of good soil environment and sufficient foreign food is the key to the organic matter of microorganisms. However, the traditional "fine cultivation" has a large stirring of the soil, and the long -term cultivation of the soil has gradually destroyed the structure of the black soil, and the microorganisms are displaced.

Traditional farming has a large stirring of the soil (解 解 图 图 传)

In addition, the situation where the dead leaves and leaves on the surface were taken away or burned on the spot, resulting in bare the surface of the soil, lacking protection and covering the surface, and it could not help but wind and rain. The supply of branches and crop residues, the shortage of microorganisms, has to go to the existing organic matter of the soil everywhere, leading to a decrease in the organic matter content of the soil.

In the long run, the original fertile and strong black land became thinner, malnutrition, and gradually degraded, and the production and quality of crops will gradually be threatened.

Bad the land of straw burning land (宏 宏)

Pear Tree Model -Save the Black Earth Battle

Facing the severe problem of black soil degradation, scientists adhered to the black soil fields. After more than 10 years of exploration, they finally found a good recipe for treatment and repair of black soil, that is, protective farming technology -pear tree model.

The "pear tree model" is a kind of protective farming model. It is a method of protecting land protection for cultivated land with the characteristics of my country's characteristics. At the beginning of its birth, it was mainly based on repairing the degraded black soil of Lishu County, Jilin Province. Gradually developed the technical system of cultivating straw coverage to cover the protective farming technical system. In 2016, it was named "Pearl Tree Mode"

The corn field after the straw is covered (解 解 图 图 图)

Simply put, it is to reduce the plowing of the soil, not to destroy the black soil structure, and at the same time spread all the straws of the crops on the surface, covering the wind and rain for the soil, and providing sufficient food for soil microorganisms.

In this way, the wounds of the soil were gradually healed due to excessive plowing, and the living environment of microorganisms could be improved, eating fragrance, living well, restoring business, and participating in the production of soil organic matter. The soil structure is good, the organic matter increases, the soil is nutritious, the color of the black soil is more oily, and the quality of the grain is naturally higher!

Today, this protective farming technology has been applied and promoted on the northeast black land, and has achieved ideal results. The black soil has gradually recovered the darkness of the past, the growth of crops has become stronger, and the food output has steadily increased.

After the implementation of protective cultivation, the Northeast Black Land crops thrive and grow steadily (解 解 解 实 实)

Therefore, using and protecting the black land is a long -term project.The Chinese rice bowl depends on the soil under the feet, which requires the Chinese to end!For the rice in our bowl, the rice is getting more and more and more fragrant. Let us care about the health of the black soil together, cherish the bowl of rice rations, and contribute to the protection of black land!Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Zhu Xuefeng (Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

references:

[1] Wang Jingkuan, Xu Xiangru, Pei Jiu Bo, Li Yueyi. (2021). The current status and challenges and challenges faced by the cultivated land in the Northeast Northeast Northeast Northeast Northeast China.

[2] Liang Chao, Zhu Xuefeng. (2021). Introduction to soil microbial carbon pump storage mechanism. China Science: Earth Science, 51 (5), 680-695.

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