Green, grass, 鲢, and 大家, the four people's fish came with the "wind"

Why are the four people cultivated by the Chinese? In addition to the four major fish, the other people who love to eat in Wuhan people such as Wuchang fish (鳊) and the white mouth (鲌) are also carp fish? A few days ago, a study by the Institute of Aquatic Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences showed that all this was actually related to "wind": the monsoon climate in East Asia created the diversity of freshwater fish in East Asia. This also gives us a new understanding of the idea of ​​"Tianshi, Local Profit" in ancient Chinese wisdom.

Common carp fish in China.

A few days ago, the research paper entitled "Merragoretes Enhanced the Geographical Expansion of East Asian Carp" was published in "Chinese Science: Life Science" (English version). The reporter interviewed the person in charge of the research team and Professor He Shunping of the Institute of Aquatic Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He talked to him about the "twenty -four flowers faithful" in the East Asian climate. Chinese people have been eating fish habits for thousands of years.

He Shunping said that the climate of the East Asian season is characterized by the four seasons, the same period of rain and heat, the summer precipitation concentration, the rivers and rivers are flooding frequently, and the lakes are soaring; the rainwater is scarce in winter, the rivers are getting depleted, and the lakes are shrinking. Shortly after the climate of the East Asian season, the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau gradually raised, blocking the west flow of glacier snow, and the flood split the Three Gorges and opened up the way eastward. Since then The water network system that is densely set in the Yangtze River Basin is formed. These water networks are abundant in summer, rare food in autumn and winter, and the fish living in them experience the rapid conversion between overeating and hunger and hunger every year.

With such a unique living environment, "ancient" fish swim in rivers and lakes, lakes and lakes, and some fish feel too hard, can't stand it, and extinct; some fish feel that the opportunity is coming, stand on the wind, expand rapidly, accelerate evolution, accelerate evolution, and evolve evolution. , Become an advantageous species. A fish called "East Asian Carp" came into being at this time.

He Shunping said that carp family is widely distributed around the world. In addition to the North and South Pole and Australia, there are also many other regions, but through gene sequencing, there are some special and common ones in the genes of East Asia. It is the "active" gene, which makes East Asia's carp family more active and more sensitive. It has changed the new environment and is more curious. It has been frightened and the response is more intense. In short Unlike the carp family in other areas, dull. Through time positioning, the unique genetic mutation of these East Asian carp fish is just after the monsoon climate was formed, and they can be regarded as their common ancestor "East Asian Carp" to "innovate" the evolutionary mechanism of the seasonal changes in the water body environment of the monsoon area. Essence

"East Asian Carp" also has a feature. Its teeth are not between the upper and lower jaws, but in the throat (throat teeth), which indicates that its food nature is very mixed, there is nothing to eat, eat everything, and eat everything.

好奇心重，适应性强，“东亚鲤”很快适应了长江独特的江湖复合生态系统，占据了不同生态位，加之变异多，又很快演化出青、草、鲢、鳙、鳊、鲌、 Different types such as 等, red -eyed 不同, etc. (12 million -4 million years ago). The descendants of these "East Asian Carp" followed the monsoon, along the floods, and swim through the north from the Yangtze River -Pearl River Basin, and quickly occupied the entire East Asian continent.

"Among the 1,000 kinds of freshwater fish in China, 800 kinds of carp shaped; 800 kinds of carp shapes, more than 600 kinds of carp are carp." "The Yangtze River Basin is one of the most diverse areas of freshwater fish in the world, second only to the Amazon Basin, but the species composition still takes the carp family as the main body, occupying a large amount of water ecological space in the monsoon area, and the river-lake ecosystem system Height adaptation. These fish are also the most commonly consumed by us. The ancestral fish of 'East Asian Carp' is actually very small. When it comes to the Yangtze River, after human domestication, the weight continues to increase. peak."

Chinese civilization was bred for monsoon climate. The Chinese grew up eating "carp" fish. He Shunping said: "The ancestors spent two or three thousand years, and four major fish were selected from many carp. What? It is harmonious with East Asian seasonal climate, unity of heaven and man. "

There is no place in the world in the world as dominant as East Asia, so the academic community has early guessing that "East Asian carp" is the product of the East Asian monsoon activity, but when it is produced and how to produce it, it has always been difficult to conclude Essence The latest research of He Shunping's team is to conduct a systematic survey of "East Asian Carp" from the perspective of ecological geography, system development, macro evolution and comparative genome. Key evidence of mode.

The distribution of East Asian carp fish in the monsoon climate environment, the more red the color is.

They made almost all East Asian carp fish, and edited Chinese freshwater fish databases and fish DNA bar code libraries in the Yangtze River. The writing of "China Freshwater Fish Primary Color" is equivalent to doing a network of Chinese carp.

In 1985, when he was still studying graduate students, He Shunping thought about this topic. It was also the direction that two generations of Academician Wu Xianwen and Academician Chen Yiyu of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have always paid attention to.The area of the aquatic life has been cultivating four generations."The East Asian Season has a history of 60 million years, and we have spent decades for decades to study. Now that we have done this in the world, it is the best, thanks to the development and progress of science and technology. Of course, there is a persistence.After so many years, I stared at the fish and never changed their professionalism. "He Shunping said.(Changjiang Daily reporter Zhou Yan correspondent Sun Hui)

【Edit: Zhao Ke】

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