In 5 years, "Fire Eye Golden Eyes" they explore the "Universe Map" in the 4410 -meter unmanned area at an altitude of 4410 meters 丨 I will build it

Cover reporter Chen Yanzhang picture provided by the respondent

High -altitude cosmic line observation station -Lhaaso, 29 ° 21 north latitude of 100 ° 08 east longitude.

What does the universe look like? In ancient times, the scope of human beings and the earth to the sky was recognized as the universe; with the improvement of human observation methods, from "theory of the earth" and "the sun" to the observation of the far outside, human cognition of the universe gradually expanded gradually expanding Essence

Today, human beings have long broke through the individual's limitations with the help of many instruments and equipment, extending from visible light to electromagnetic waves from various bands -radio, infrared, ultraviolet, X -rays to gamma rays. After all, the more where people can't see, the more likely it is hidden the unknown secret of the universe.

Panorama

Laoso is one of them. It is compared to Sun Wukong's "fire eye golden eye". It is the most sensitive cosmic ray detection device in human beings. It can catch the "cosmic line" with the mystery of the mysteries of the universe, especially the ultra -high energy gamma rays, which depicts differently "Universe Map".

The future of human beings will eventually be in Xinghai, the scientific researcher of the Laoso project, and the wide -angled Chellenkov telescope he is involved in the construction to look up at the starry sky. This is the common belief of many scientific researchers in the Laosuo project, and it is also the romantic dream of people for thousands of years.

Dreams are in the dark space of the universe, and the power to realize the dream of dreams should be done from the vast land of 4410 meters above sea level.

Infrastructure starts from scratch

Create 1.36 square kilometers "fire eyes golden eyes"

Laoso is located on the Daocheng Haiki Mountain on the western Sichuan Plateau. As a major national science and technology infrastructure project of the "Twelfth Five -Year Plan", after the construction of Laoso in 2017, it completed the full -format construction and put it in operation in 2021. Wang Yudong still remembers that when the construction was completed in full column, he climbed up the observation platform on the hillside and witnessed the scene when Lasuo's whole picture:

Laoso is generally 1.36 square kilometers and is distributed in a circular distribution, consisting of 3 detectors array. The largest area is 1 square kilometers of ground clustering particles array, consisting of 5,216 electromagnetic particles detectors and 1188 miaozi detectors. The sub -probe is matched with the electromagnetic particle detector to form a 2.5 -meter -high "mound" every 30 meters. "Ghostic blocks; the two corners of the square are 18 container -style wide -angle Chellenkov telescope forming arrays, which cooperate with each other to complete 360 ​​degrees without dead ends.

Polaroid project staff in the snow

To build such a huge project in the unmanned area, the first difficulty to overcome is the infrastructure starting from scratch. Cao Zhen, chief scientist and project engineering manager of Lasuo Project, recalled that the first batch of construction teams settled in Daocheng's site, a thrilling scene: Because there were no houses that could live, the team members could only sleep with tents. Snow, the wolf group shouted around the people's tents, but fortunately did not rush into the tent.

In addition to uninhabited areas, high altitude is another test of the cable builders. Wang Yudong recalled the experience of the first time I went to the Laoso Observation Station: "After getting off the plane and sitting on the bus, I don't want to talk, and I am confused. When I lay down to sleep in the hotel, I feel that my breathing is not smooth. Take a deep breath once. In the afternoon, the stomach fell into the sea and spit out lunch until it was better at night. "

The young man who used to draw a map

Become the explorer of the "Map of the Universe"

Since graduating from a PhD in 2019, this year is already the fourth year of Wang Yudong's project in the Laoso project.

He likes the appearance of the stars down. It often looks quiet, but Wang Yudong knows that Laoso is caught the frequency of the universe line of hundreds of millions per hour to perform silent "communication" with the universe. Sometimes it ’s too late to work. Wang Yudong saw the stars over the sky, and he always thought about the ultimate problem of life and the universe in his mind. "I used to be obsessed with the map, and now exploring the" Universe Maps "is also a kind of inheritance!" Wang Yudong recalled that when he was a child, he was interested in the map. In the first grade, Wang Yudong's parents bought him a Chinese map. He At first glance, it was a day. Later, he learned geography. He was able to draw a map of China with his bare hands. As he got older, the exploration on the ground could not satisfy Wang Yudong's curiosity. He began to look at the stars in the sky. "At that time, the understanding of the universe was very simple. I felt that it was nothing more than some stars in the sky. Now the more you explore, the more you feel your own small." Wang Yandong said.

In 2017, Wang Yudong conducted joint training at Turin University in Italy. He had previously engaged in research on ionizing radiation and began to contact some research. As the research was deepened, he was more and more interested in Laoso. In order to deeply participate in the Laosopo project, Wang Yudong returned from Italy. After graduating, he officially participated in the construction of Lasuo. From the curiosity of the world map, to the exploration of the universe map, from a bystander to a builder, Wang Yudong said: "Being able to build his own cosmic line project and have the opportunity to lead the field in this field. "

Wang Yudong is installing a calibration reflex lens

Wang Yudong is mainly responsible for the installation and debugging of the reflex mirror in the wide -angle Chelv telescope. The importance of the telescope is equivalent to the cornea of ​​the eyes. "The major I learned is particle physics and atomic nuclear physics. The task that I handed over to me after joining this team is optical, so everything must be explored slowly." Wang Yudong said that in the second half of 2019, he exceeded half of him. Time is on a business trip. In the case of lack of detailed external guidance, he and workers explore the mirror installation and calibration technology together, shorten the reflex lens that originally needed for 3 days to 1 day.

Like most scientific researchers in the Lasuo project, Wang Yudong often installs and debug the equipment with the workers. The strong ultraviolet rays of the wind and high altitude make Wang Yudong hack several degrees. "My wife joked with me, and I felt that I was not like a scientific researcher and worked on the construction site all day." Wang Yudong said.

Internal

In addition to Wang Yudong's test outdoors, another team of Lasuo also experienced a different test indoors. Cao Zhen introduced that the total area of ​​78,000 square meters of Water Chellenkov detector array was completed by a team of 37 -year -old young scientists. In the detector array, scientists installed 3,120 photoelectric pipes into 78,000 square meters array, and then filled with pure water. "There is no sunlight in the huge closed pool before the water injection. The entire installation season is basically about minus 4 degrees Celsius. The working environment is very challenging." Cao Zhen said.

The construction of the first expeditionary mirror was completed. After the trial operation, Wang Yudong, who should have been relieved, encountered difficulties. The Haizishan, which should have been dry in winter, because the temperature difference between day and night is large, the reflex mirror of the telescope will appear frost and exposed in the early morning, which will not only cause the reflectivity of the reflex mirror to change. When melting The surface of the reflective mirror reduces the reflectivity. In order to solve this problem, Wang Yudong and his team were wrapped in the heating trials behind each reflector, which is equivalent to adding "warm baby" to each reflector, thereby solving the problem of frosting knotting.

Open the era of ultra -high energy

Seeing richer cosmic colors

In 1054 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty Si Tianjian Yang Weide observed a bright celestial body second only to the moon. What is even more strange is that this star still exudes light during the day, so that at that time, China, Arab and Japanese astronomers recorded records at that time. This strange phenomenon.

Since then, people have confirmed that this is a supernova eruption. The crab -shaped nebula generated by this outbreak is the first celestial body in human history that has been recognized as a supernova burst. In the future, from radio, infrared, optics, ultraviolet, X -rays to "very high" gamma rays, their spectral spectrum was studied in various bands. Make crab star clouds one of the most comprehensive celestial bodies of human beings.

However, in the picture of the crab -shaped nebula, an important part is still missing, that is, the ultra -high -energy gamma rays. The emergence of a cable allows us to observe the crab star cloud through a new perspective. In July 2021, scientific researchers accurately measured the brightness of the crab -shaped nebula with three -quarters of the cables, which were published in the "Science" magazine.

"Seeing" different "universe maps", the reason why Lasuo can become the most sensitive "fire eye" of human beings is inseparable from a series of key technological innovations.

The observation desk under the stars in the starry sky

Wang Yudong introduced that taking the wide -angle Cherry Caporov telescope he participated in the construction as an example, the use of silicone optoelectronic pipe camera has greatly increased the efficiency of observation. If the wide -angle Cocyeov telescope compares the eyes, the silicon optoelectronic pipe camera is the retina of this eye. Originally, the developer of the telescope intends to use the ordinary photoelectric multipliers, but it is facing the fatal shortcomings. The use of light will reduce its life, which makes it difficult for the telescope to turn on the night with moonlight. In order to ensure that there is enough detection time, scientific researchers have made a major decision of temporary replacement and overcome a series of difficulties. The silicon optoelectronic pipe replaces the original photoelectric pipe, allowing the observation to be turned on at night with the moon. In addition, the Mizukorph detector array also optimized the process plan during the construction process. The key components of the detector unit use the new-generation 20-inch photoelectric pipe with independent intellectual property rights in my country and the largest sensitive area in the world, which enhances the detection capabilities of the 50-300GEV energy section of Gama, and has greatly improved its Exploration sensitivity to transient phenomena such as gamma rays.

Because of the large amount of engineering and long construction period, the ropes are operating while construction, which has produced a lot of achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. In addition to determining the "standard candlelight" super high energy segment of the crab -shaped nebula, on May 17, 2021, Lasuo also found the first batch of "electronic electronic accelerators" and the highest energy photon to open the era of "ultra -high energy gams of celestial literature". Published in the journal "Nature"; on February 3, 2022, the international physics authoritative magazine "Physics Review Express" published the latest achievements of "Laoso", which once again verified Einstein's theory of time and space symmetry.

Cao Zhen introduced that behind a series of major achievements, the biggest significance of Laoso lies in the opening of the era of super high energy gamma rays. In 1989, the experimental composition of the Hewell Observatory discovered the first celestial body with Gamma radiation above 0.1 TEV, marking the opening of the era of high energy gamma rays. The era of super high energy gamma rays allows people to study the universe and various celestial bodies from a new perspective.

What does ultra -high energy gamma ray research mean? Cao Zhen made an example. The solar spectrum visible to the naked eye is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue purple, and the world is colorful. But Laoso was like only six colors before, without purple. Related theories are based on this "purple" observation based on the image described by everyone, but Laoso can observe a higher energy gamma rays and open this band called ultra -high energy gamma. Let us see a richer and more complete universe, and find a brand new universe.

What is the significance of Lasuo?

Dialogue Lasuo scientific researcher Wang Yudong

Cover news: After you are engaged in the pull -up project, what are the questions that everyone cares about or asked the most?

Wang Yudong: There are several people asking me several times, your telescope, what exactly is your use of this lava project? To be honest, I was still more blindly at first. Because I know that these things are too far away from our real life. How can I tell this matter?

When I was asked such a question at first, my heart was a little embarrassed. I don't want to answer Ding Zhaozhong, what we do is useless. But what should this use? If it was ten years ago, I might really support it, but when I joined this telescope project, I slowly had some ideas.

Cover news: What are the specific ideas and how do these ideas come from?

Wang Yudong: At that time, it was a mechanical processing factory in the telescope. After working and resting, the master asked me. Is your telescope looking far away? What is the use of you? I was a bit embarrassed at first. The question he asked was that I needed to ask my own questions. I was a little nervous at the time. I did n’t know how to answer it for a while. After a few seconds of pauses, I said that what we do now and the research we do is not so related to our current life. Our research is in the future. To make plans in the future. We humans cannot always be on the earth. One day we will leave the earth and leave the solar system, and sail in the interstellar. Before realizing these, we need to understand and study the universe in detail. What we do now only takes a small step in this direction ...

Cover news: Do you mean to understand the meaning of Laoso. Do you need to see it in the long river of human civilization development?

Wang Yudong: The history of human civilization is only 5,000 years. With the advancement of science and technology, there are more and more resources and energy that humans can use, and the form is more and more advanced. With the deepening of people's understanding of the living environment, we are more and more clearly realized that humans have no way out on the earth. I don't know what humans need to control the more advanced energy form. It is necessary to master more resources and space, at least it will not be the scope of the earth or to the moon. The manned spaceflight, the moon landing plan, and the planet detection plan proposed in my country are all the beginning of this great journey.

The future of human beings is in that sea -like stars.Starting from Qu Yuan's question, to Galileo turned the telescope to the sky, the Soviet Union's "Orient 1" God, the Soviet Gaglin traveled to the space, the United States Amsterdam took a small step on the moon, and then the chase in my country today pace.Humans have never given up to the universe, our journey will be the sea of stars.