"This time, we no longer rely on foreign technology, no longer 'patch' on others' platforms"

Author:Look at the think tank Time:2022.09.22

On September 2nd, the first batch of Yawan high -speed rail trains made by China was transported to the Port of Jakarta, Indonesia, marking another important milestone in the first high -speed railway at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour with the construction of China.

Every time the Chinese high -speed rail breaks forward, it is engraved with the next new leading mark for China.

With the high -speed rail construction and equipment manufacturing technology system with independent and independent intellectual property rights, China's high -speed rail has not only entered the world's roof high -cold and plateau regions, and realized that cross -bridge across the sea does not slow down. , Continue to release influence.

From the "one line" to "one net", as of the end of 2021, China's high -speed rail operating mileage exceeded 40,000 kilometers. The "four vertical and four horizontal" high -speed rail network is fully completed. China ’s high -speed rail is like a“ large arteries ”of vibrant hair, redefining time with speed, and using networking to change the regional economic layout.

From scratch, from the introduction, digestion, absorption, and innovation to independent innovation, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China ’s high -speed rail has continuously surpassed itself with independent innovation, and extended a larger space for China's development and expansion.

Text | Su Xiazhou Duan Wang Kai Wang Kai's "Looking" News Weekly reporter

This article is reproduced from the WeChat public account "Obiast" (ID: liaowang1981). The original first was released on September 19, 2022. The original title was "Autonomous Innovation into a Chinese high -speed rail business card". The first was published in the 38th of 2022.

From zero "starting"

Construction of China High -speed Railway Brain on Autonomous Construction

On March 19, 2022, the Beno section of the Hungarian Railway, which is equipped with the core technology of China's independent high -speed rail control, was officially opened. As the main host of the Hungarian Railway Railway Control Technology, Jiang Ming, deputy chief engineer of the China Tongzhong Research Institute Group, has witnessed a complete set of CTCS-level control systems that have fully independent intellectual property rights in China for the first time in European countries.

The control system is the brain and nerve center of the high -speed railway. It is the core system that achieves high -speed, high -density, and high -safe operation of high -speed rail. It is the core focus of the world railway science and technology competition.

Before 2012, the application of my country's self -ame control system in China was blank. Early high -speed rail could only be imported "brain", which was not only expensive, but also subject to others. "We went to Europe with an open -minded attitude, but the technicians could not enter the other party’s office area, and we could not enter the laboratory. Only the product description and courseware can be exposed. Only project assistants and data configuration engineers could be seen. Online operating equipment is subject to foreign parties in many aspects such as fault analysis, maintenance services and information security, and also encountered many unsuccessful situations in the process of device grams and maintenance. "Jiang Ming said.

Only by fully controlling all core technologies can it be controlled and controllable. China Railway Communication Signal Co., Ltd. (referred to as China Tong) gathered more than 3,000 high -end R & D teams in the entire system to prepare for this difficulty. They have discussed the solution, one version after the software and hardware development, and the round of tests. In 3 years, it has achieved decades of technical leaps in Western countries. The grade control system has been developed and implemented by mature applications, which solves the problems of the introduction of products in terms of engineering construction support, operation and maintenance, information security, and intellectual property rights. Level, really hold the core technology of high -speed rail train operation control in your own hands.

In 2017, the CTCS-3-level control system was successfully successful on the Great West Line test, meeting the operating requirements of the maximum operating speed of 350 kilometers per hour and the minimum tracking interval of 3 minutes, and the performance was at the world's leading level.

In December 2020, the full set of autonomous CTCS-3-level train operation control system equipment was equipped with the He'an high-speed rail, and the overall matching test period was completed in December 2021.

In 2021, the four domestic chips and Anda operating systems independently developed by the CTCS-3-level control system were applied. A group of core equipment based on 100%domestic chips entered the stage of industrialization and engineering. China's high-speed rail has 100%domesticization "brain".

In 2023, the full set of autonomous standards and products in China will be equipped with the Yawan high -speed rail, creating the "model engineering" of China's high -speed rail all -system, full element, and entire industrial chain.

As one of the key core technologies of China's high-speed rail, the independent research and development of the CTCS-3-level control system marks the breakthrough in the field of high-speed rail technology and equipment in China, and also verify that only independent innovation is the core password to achieve China's high-speed rail.

Not only the control system, the development of the network control system of the standard EMU in China has almost started from scratch. One of the core functions of the network control system is the "real -time response" capabilities. It is required that the running trains will be fed back to the "brain". Directors to direct the flying trains at a high speed.

Members of the overall technical expert group of the "Fuxing" EMU, Zhao Hongwei, chief researcher of the Chinese Academy of Railway Science Research Institute Group Co., Ltd. (referred to as the Academy of Railway Sciences) recalled the situation at the time: "Can't buy a network chip, develop in accordance with the communication agreement standard; buy Without the network card, we developed the network card on the basis of the chip. This time, we no longer rely on foreign technology, no longer "patch 'on others' platforms." This is a coordinated innovation of "industry -university -research". Zhao Hongwei led the team to break through the high -speed train network control system and core technologies, and organized the construction of the software and hardware system platform of the independent network control system.

For the first time, the TCN gateway was developed, and the Ethernet train control was achieved for the first time. And the most cutting -edge network control technology, the real -time carbon of the car in the car, is applied to the "Fuxing".

OEM is also refined in the technology "unmanned area". The software system is invisible and unable to touch. Chang Zhenchen, deputy chief engineer of CRRC Changke Co., Ltd., said that there was a temperature display failure that made everyone distressed. The team lasted more than two months. Questioning in the code.

The R & D team of China CITIC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. (referred to as Zhongxian Sifang) set up a 1: 1 simulation test desk on the ground to verify the selected control strategy algorithm. Train operation.

Zhao Hongwei clearly remembered that on July 15, 2016, two Chinese standard EMUs successfully completed the delivery test at the Zhengxu high -speed rail. It is planned to operate the high -speed rail vehicle train for the first time to run 420 kilometers per hour.

On June 25, 2017, China Standard EMUs, which have completely independent intellectual property rights, were officially named "Fuxing".

At present, my country has formed different speeds such as 160 to 350 kilometers per hour, which can adapt to the "Fuxing" series of products that can adapt to various operating environments such as plateau, high cold, wind and sand. Liu Youmei, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that from the introduction to autonomy, the core problem is to form an independent technical team and supporting industrial capabilities. Only independent innovation products can ensure the realization of the "traffic power" strategy.

At the high -speed EMU manufacturing center of Changchun Railway Co., Ltd., Changchun Cars in Changchun City, Jilin Province, the chief skills expert Luo Zhaoqiang (first from the right) checked the electrical system of the Fuxing High -speed Railway train (Photo on November 25, 2020) Zhang Nan Zhang Nan Photo/this journal

Cooperative "Racing"

Qi heart to refine excellent performance

Be lean for the "Fuxing", whether it is the operating speed, the main technical indicators such as security, comfort, and energy saving and consumption reduction. The global comprehensive performance is superior to the system progress of the upstream and downstream collaboration and the technical system.

The "Fuxing" flying on the ground requires a strong driving force. It is not just a big torque. The requirements for the power density, noise, harmonic, electromagnetic compatibility of the traction motor are very strict. This is whether the comprehensive performance of the "Fuxing" vehicle is in the world's leading key technical indicators.

In order to ensure the successful development of the main and auxiliary traction flowers in the traction motor, the concentrated resources of the CRRC strains are concentrated in various performance indicators, new functions, external interfaces, and technical details. Traction flowers, auxiliary variables and cooling systems are integrated, which have the advantages of high integration, high power density, easy maintenance and other advantages, and various indicators have reached the international leading level.

The "Fuxing" is to run fast and stable, and you need to overcome the problem of shock absorption. Zhang Zhenxian, Minister of the Development Department of CRRC Quartet Steering, said that in order to find the optimal suspension parameters, the R & D team compared the matching of dozens of parameter combination schemes. , Better than the national standard "less than 2.5 is superior".

Most of the vehicle bodies of high -speed rail trains are welded and assembled by various high -performance metal plates such as aluminum alloy. "Welders are an important type of work in the production process of high -speed rail. Each welded seam is related to the safety of the train." Li Wanjun, chief operator of CRRC, said that even if there is an error of 1 mm, the parts will not be pretended to be, and it is not strict.

A column of "Fuxing" high -speed EMU will use nearly 100 types of line types, nearly 20,000 guide lines, and about 100,000 wiring points. They are the "nerves" of the train. The seemingly simple small process is an EMU. A major problem for assembly. In the early stage of research and development, the seven metal needles of the core part of the core area were distributed within a circular range with a diameter of only 5 mm. Essence Hu Junxiang, a senior technician of CRRC, has repeatedly tested the component pass rate of 100%with the "ultra -dense environment electrical welding" technology that has been practiced over the years.

In April 2022, the new "Fuxing" high -speed comprehensive testing train was launched by my country's independent research and development and the world's leading new "Fuxing" high -speed comprehensive testing. As a new technical verification platform for high -speed EMUs, the vehicle participated in the development of the CR450 EMU. On April 21, it successfully realized the light line speed of 435 kilometers per hour from the Jinan to Zhengzhou high -speed rail to the Zhengzhou section. The high -speed rail trains and tunnels will be recorded in the world record.

Behind the world records is that the Chinese high -speed rail insists on me as the main, open cooperation, and self -reliance, and provides an efficient practical path for the major jump from the high -speed rail technology to the leading leading. High -speed rail technology. ——In the field of high -speed rail technology. Based on the "Harmony" EMU, China CRRC has successfully developed the "Fuxing" China Standard EMU with complete independent intellectual property rights and the world's advanced level. Autonomous driving function marks the era of China's high -speed rail entered an intelligent era.

——In the field of high -speed rail engineering construction. Adapt to the complexity and diverse characteristics of my country's geological and climatic conditions, China Railway and China Railway Construction and other high -rails have overcome a large number of worldwide technical problems in high railway bases, rails, long bridges, growing tunnels, large customer stops and system integration. The system has mastered the system. Different climate environments and different geological conditions are set up to build high -speed rail technologies. Six world -class large -span high -speed rail bridges including the Yangtze River Bridge of the Shanghai -Satong Railway, the Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge, and the Wuhan Tianxingzhou Bridge, two main spans, and the Wuhan Tianxingzhou Bridge. The Xicheng High -speed Railway Qinling Tunnel Group and other more than 100 kilometers of high -speed rail tunnels over 100 kilometers.

——In the field of high -speed rail operation management. Under the conditions of complex road network conditions, high -speed rail operation management complete sets of technologies, innovating different speed -level high -speed train high -density cross -line transport scheduling technology under the conditions of complex road networks, solving different EMUs, different speeds, grown distance and cross -line The problems of transportation organizations such as operation have realized the high -density and public traffic of the busy high -speed rail trunk line and intercity railway trains.

——In the high -speed rail safety production field. Give full play to the role of scientific and technological security, deploy more than 2,700 monitoring points in the intelligent "Fuxing" EMU, and develop train operations such as self -perception, health management, and fault diagnosis. ; Established a high -speed rail line equipment online monitoring system consisting of equipment such as high -speed comprehensive inspection vehicles, detection sensing equipment along the line, and using big data analysis to achieve accurate grasp of high -speed rail infrastructure operation status; developed natural disaster monitoring such as storms and snow and snow and snow and snow and snow. The foreign body restriction alarm and earthquake monitoring and early warning system has realized the three -dimensional prevention and control of natural disasters and public security risks.

As of the end of June 2021, my country ’s high -speed railway has operated 9.28 billion kilometers safely, which is equivalent to 232,000 laps around the earth and 14.12 billion passengers safely transporting passengers. It is the world's most recognized high -speed rail.

Competitive "long -distance running"

Scientific research is in front

In the competition of the world high -speed rail, it is visible to the competition of Chinese EMUs in terms of running speed, safety, comfort and other aspects. Independent innovation laid a solid foundation; a system of chess nationwide to concentrate the system's system guarantee.

Zhai Wanming, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, who has been engaged in rail transit engineering dynamics and vibration research for a long time, open up a new field of dynamic research on large system dynamics of railway, take the lead in creating vehicles -rail coupling dynamics theoretical systems, and presides over research and establishment of high -speed trains -bridge -bridge power interaction. Theoretical and design security assessment technology. Internationally, its models and algorithms are called "Zhai Model" and "Zhai Methods". His theoretical methods and technology have been successfully applied to dozens of key projects in my country's railway acceleration and high -speed railways. A series of projects in terms of sex and ride stability support the speed and safety of China's high -speed rail.

Air dynamics is one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of high -speed railways. The key technological innovation team of Central South University rail traffic safety led by the academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Tian Hongqi started from scratch to build the railway aerodynamic foundation and engineering technical system of my country's railway, and created the coordinated design of the motor and shape structure of the train. It provided important technical support for the world's highest speed of 870 kilometers per hour for the "Fuxing" high -speed train on April 21, 2022.

Wang Ping, a professor at Southwest Jiaotong University, led the team to attack the "High -speed Railway Railway smoothing technology". For more than ten years, a sword was grinded. Monopoly, a complete theory and technical system with independent intellectual property rights in my country. Wang Ping told reporters: "In the past, relying on technological monopolies abroad, a set of forks quoted more than 5 million yuan. After achieving this technological breakthrough in my country, they immediately reduced the price to 1.8 million yuan."

Scientific research is always the most solid confidence of independent innovation. Concentration forces to do major events are the most secure guarantee of independent innovation. Lu Dongfu, the chairman of the China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. and the secretary of the party group, believed that adhering to the party's comprehensive leadership provided fundamental political guarantee for the historic achievements of the high -speed rail. Adhere to the "one network" and "one game of chess" across the country, break the limitations of the industry and regions, form a high -speed rail development plan that is connected with major national strategies, connect with related industrial layout, and combines regional development needs, and maintain The stability and continuity of the high -speed rail planning has achieved mutual promotion and complement of the development of high -speed rail development and economic and social development.

Adhere to concentration of strength to do major issues. From the central government to the local government, from scientific research innovation, production organization to industrialization applications, from research, development, planning, design, engineering construction, equipment manufacturing to operation management, the entire innovation chain industry chain has gathered strong joint efforts to build the world's most developed high -speed rail network. Perseverance and strengthening key areas of technological research have formed a complete innovation chain from the basic theory of high -speed rail basic theory, technology application to results promotion and even technical standard system. The major jumper of running to the leaders provided an efficient practical path.

Adhere to the organic combination of industry -university -research, promote coordinated innovation, integrate innovation, and form the advantages of promoting the innovation of high -speed rail; adhere to the correct technical route, realize the coordination and professional integration of technical policies, technical standards, technical platforms, and technical layouts, so that high -speed rail construction The successful experience of operation is quickly replicated and promoted nationwide, forming the efficiency and quality of the development of high -speed rail.

Pursue "Leading"

From national business card to lead international standards

Among the 254 important standards adopted by the Chinese standard EMU, China accounted for 84%of the Chinese standards. The main equipment of 96 items of 11 systems adopted a unified Chinese standard and model. China has become an important and important leader of the high -speed rail rules.

A few days ago, the International Railway Alliance (UIC) issued and implemented the "High -speed Railway Design Infrastructure" standard and "High -speed Railway Design Power Supply" standards formulated by my country. Both standards are the first international railway standards in related fields. The International Railway Alliance is the most influential professional international standard for the railway industry.

In recent years, experts from the National Railway Group have presided over the revision of more than 60 important technical standards such as the International Railway Alliance high -speed railway, train network, and braking system. 11 high -speed railway system -level standards such as a series have filled the international standard gap in key areas such as high -speed railway implementation and design.

From China Standard to World Standards, Zhao Hongwei has experienced this process. With the rapid development of China's high -speed rail, Zhao Hongwei was elected as the leader of the Data and Communication Professional Group of the UIC locomotive and vehicle branches to participate in the formulation and revision of international and industry standards. "There were not many Chinese voices at the International Standard Organization Meeting in the past. Now, foreign colleagues will always invite Chinese experts to speak to listen to China's solutions."

In the international standards, the advantageous technologies and key parameters are included in my country's country, providing standard support for the promotion of China's railway technology, realizing the "going global" of the Chinese railway system, full factors, and the entire industry chain, creating favorable conditions.

Innovation leadership has been engraved with the bone marrow that has been engraved into the high -speed rail.

On the debugging line in the CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd., the high -speed magnetic floating trains of the 5 sections of 5 sections are steadily suspended and started on the track. The streamlined front and blue -gray body are very technological. R & D personnel are conducting a precise debugging, allowing the high -speed magnetic floating system to reach the best state.

China CRRC scientist and deputy chief engineer of CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd. introduced that the magnetic floating trains of the 5th section were more than 130 meters and weighing more than 300 tons. "Flying on the ground" needs to break through a large number of key core technologies.

For example, the suspended gap between trains and rails must be kept stable at about 10 mm, which is equivalent to the thickness of a match box. When the magnetic floating train reaches 600 kilometers per hour, the aerodynamic pressure of the vehicle body has risen sharply. In order to make the magnetic floating train "floating stable", the R & D team conducted a complete 13 -month closed -end check -in at the test site, and did more than 4,000 tests before and after.

Focusing on the engineering application of high -speed magnetic floating at a speed of 600 kilometers per hour, the R & D team also solves a series of engineering technical problems. Such as the high -speed operation of magnetic float crossing the river, pneumatic design, high -intensity vehicle body, traction braking, low latency communication, long -distance multi -zone and multi -vehicle full -automatic tracking, any parking, shock absorption noise and reduction, etc. Great technical challenges. Taking only pneumatic design as an example. When the speed of the magnetic floating train reaches 600 kilometers per hour, the aerodynamic pressure of the vehicle body has risen sharply, which can reach 10 times the current high -speed train at the current speed of 350 kilometers per hour. Essence

After 5 years of autonomy, after more than 1,680 simulation calculations, more than 4250 ground table tests, and more than 500 line tests, they laid down one piece of "hard bones" to clear one after another. On July 20, 2021, the high -speed magnetic floating transportation system of 600 kilometers per hour was officially offline in Qingdao, marking that my country has mastered the capacity and engineering capabilities of high -speed magnetic floats.

From a speed of 350 kilometers per hour to a high -speed rail to 600 kilometers per hour, China has once again led the world railway technology to a new breakthrough.

Uncle Ku Welfare

Uncle Ku's book is always there! In the Huajing era, Uncle Ku provided 20 "Inamori: Operation Philosophy in China" to give enthusiastic readers. This book focuses on the background of the growth of Kazakhstan, the philosophy of life, the philosophy of business, and the practical study of business. It analyzes the spread and development of its business philosophy in China, and puts forward constructive opinions on the construction of Chinese enterprise business philosophy. Please comment under the article that the top 3 (more than 30) who likes the highest likes will get a book.