How can my country have found more than 660 kinds of foreign invasion species accurately and effective control?

Original title: At present, more than 660 kinds of foreign invasion species have been found in China, threatening local species and ecosystems-

Say "no" to the invasion of foreign species

A strange fish named "crocodile" has made professionals around for several days; a yellow flower in Canada, which looks bright, has the nickname of "ecological killer"; Fushouluo can be seen everywhere in the field ... Recently, the topic of invasion of foreign species has caused heated discussions.

How does foreign species invade? How harmful is the harm? How to precise and effective prevention? From August 1st this year, the "Administrative Measures for Foreign Invasion Species" was officially implemented. Experts suggest that you should start to strengthen supervision from the source, strictly control the entry of foreign species, and jointly build a biological safety barrier.

How much do you know about foreign invasion species?

——M. Among more than 660 kinds of foreign invasion species that have been discovered in China, 215 species have invaded national nature reserves, threatening local species and ecosystems

"What is this strange fish? Can you eat it?" "If it looks fierce, will it hurt?" Recently, many places across the country have reportedly discovered crocodile. Many people are curious about this new species of foreign invasion.

The crocodile larvae are not "good". According to reports, crocodile crickets are native to North America and are a kind of freshwater giant carnivorous fish. It is the largest of seven types of birds in North America. It can grow to 3 meters and has a strong reproduction ability. "A great appetite". The threat of various fierce meats. Its meat is highly toxic and is not edible.

"As a kind of foreign invasion species, it is at the top of the aquatic food chain after entering the country." Liu Wanxue, director of the key laboratory of the Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Ministry, said, "Once it enters natural waters, it is likely to make the local area make the local area. The water body ecosystem has suffered a disaster. "At present, the campaigns of crocodile crickets have been launched in various places.

There are many foreign invasive species similar to crocodile crickets, and some are distributed in urban residential areas. "Every time after the rainstorm, there will be many brown cloud agate snails under the dead leaves of the flower bed, which is commonly known as the" African snail '. "Zhang Musen, who lives in Shenzhen, told reporters," It is said that this kind of snail is the same as Fushou snails. Hundreds of parasites and bacteria are foreign invasive species. Sometimes my children are playing in the park, and I will tell her not to touch this snail. "

What are the invasion of foreign species? According to the definition of the World Nature Protection Alliance, foreign species are species established in natural and semi -natural ecosystems and habitats. When they change and endanger local biological diversity, it is a foreign invasion species. Essence According to statistics, about 10%of foreign species can reproduce themselves in the new ecosystem. About 10%of the foreign species that can breed themselves can cause biological disasters and become foreign invasive species, that is, 1%of foreign species become foreign invasive species. Essence

China is one of the countries with the worst harm of foreign species invasion. According to the "2020 China Ecological Environmental Status" released by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment last May, more than 660 foreign invasive species have been found nationwide. 71 of them have caused or have potential threats to the natural ecosystem and have been included in the "List of Chinese Foreign Invasion". Among more than 660 kinds of foreign invasion species, the most invasive plants are 370, accounting for more than half; followed by animals, 220 species, accounting for 1/3.

"The invasion of species has caused serious harm to the domestic planting, forestry, animal husbandry, etc." Liu Wanxue said, "Foreign species invasion is one of the important reasons for the loss of biodiversity and the extinction of species. one."

How harmful is the harm?

——The in the past ten years, China's invasion of species has increased rapidly, causing serious ecological destruction and biological pollution, and endangering the development of agricultural and forestry economy

How did foreign invasive species enter China?

According to reports, the sources of foreign invasion species are divided into natural diffusion, unintentional introduction and intentional introduction.

Unintentional introduction is generally unwilling to enter China with international trade. For example, the poplar flower and leaf virus introduced with the seedlings and cuttings, the long mango with the imported grain and oil, cargo or luggage and the purple stems that enter China through natural diffusion through natural diffusion Lan et al. "In the past 10 years, China's invasion of species has increased rapidly, an average of two species. The main reason is that with the implementation of the domestic reform and opening up policies, exchanges with foreign economic, trade, transportation, culture, and tourism are frequent. , Obviously increased the opportunity to bring invasion, "said Xu Xinjie, vice chairman of the Henan Animal Society.

The other is intentionally introduced, such as the tail ears and artemisiae introduced as vegetables, as a Canadian yellow flower and Brazilian turtle introduced as the introduction of ornamental species. Ke's raw chew (crayfish) and so on.

Xu Xinjie reminded that as the people's living standards increased their living standards, people with different types of pets increased rapidly, and e -commerce network trading platforms also developed rapidly. Online and offline purchases were more convenient. Heterogeneous pets spread to the natural environment through abandonment, release, and escape. It will cause unforeseen species invasion.

"Breeding different pets are related to personal preferences and ecological security." Industry insiders told reporters that some pet enthusiasts illegally purchased from abroad to novels that have no natural distribution in China, which may not only bring a botanical epidemic situation, but also because there is no natural enemy suppression. Once you escape or abandon, it is likely to destroy the ecosystem. It can be seen that the risk of invasion of potential foreign species in the different pet industry cannot be underestimated, and preventing work cannot be careless. How harmful is the harm of foreign invasion species?

First, it may cause serious ecological destruction and biological pollution, causing biodiversity to lose. Ma Fangzhou, an associate researcher at the Institute of Environmental Sciences of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, introduced that most foreign species will explode after the successful invasion of foreign species, causing serious biological pollution. "For example, foreign species giant algae and North American Haippen can compete with the ecological competition with indigenous salt plant mangroves on the southeast coast of my country, causing mangrove resources to reduce or even extinct, and thus severely damage local biological diversity." Ma Fangzhou said "In addition, some foreign invasive species also hybridize with local related near -source species, interfere with and pollute the genetic diversity of local species."

The second is to cause ecological disasters and endanger the development of agricultural and forestry economy. According to Ma Fangzhou, for example, American white moths native to North America invaded China in 1979, and more than 100 local plants were harmed by the insect pests in Liaoning Province. "It is also a cigarettephinoprum among the 100 vicious foreign invasive species published by the World Nature Protection Alliance. The area of ​​crops every year is as high as tens of millions of acres. "Ma Fangzhou said.

Third, it may endanger human livestock health. For example, dolphin pollen can lead to "deoder of heat"; Fushou snails can cause parasitic insects such as Guangzhou tube roundworm in the human body, and severe cases can cause dementia or even death. After entering the eyes and nasal cavity of the livestock into the eyes and nasal cavity of the acheus, it can cause erosion and pus, and may even cause death.

How to prevent it?

—— From the source prevention, strengthen the prevention and control of the port, and the category and implementation of governance and restoration

China has always attached importance to the prevention and control of foreign species. In 2003, 2010, 2014 and 2016, four batches of the "List of Chinese Foreign Invasion Species" were announced, which increased year by year. On April 22 this year, the Fourth Executive Meeting of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs reviewed and approved the "Administrative Measures for Foreign Invasion Species" (hereinafter referred to as the "Measures"), and was agreed by the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and the General Administration of Customs. In August this year, in August this year, in August this year Formally implemented from 1st.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Department of Science and Technology and Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, the Measures made stipulates the prevention, monitoring and early warning, and reimbursement of governance, and further strengthen the prevention and control of foreign invasion species from all links, and build a full -chain prevention and control system. "The introduction of the" Measures "allows the law of preventing foreign species to depend on the law, which provides policy guarantee for the prevention and control of foreign species invasion and control of foreign species." Liu Wanxue said.

How to prevent the invasion of foreign species in the future?

The first is to regulate the management of species. According to the relevant person in charge of the Department of Science and Technology Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry, if foreign species such as crops and forest seedlings and aquatic seedlings are introduced from overseas due to special needs such as variety cultivation, import approval and quarantine approval shall be processed in accordance with the approval authority. If it belongs to the first introduction, the introduction unit shall conduct risk analysis and submit a risk assessment report to the approval department.

At the same time, the "Measures" proposes that the customs should strengthen the prevention and control of the port, crack down on illegal introduction, carry, send, and smuggle foreign species, and deal with the discovered foreign invasive species in accordance with the law.

In addition, domestic quarantine will be strengthened. The competent departments of agricultural rural areas at or above the county level strengthen the supervision of quarantine supervision of cross -regional transportation crops and forest seeds seedlings, plant products, aquatic seedlings, etc. to prevent foreign invasion and spread.

It is necessary to do a good job of prevention and repair. According to the "Measures", the governance of foreign invasion of plants can be adopted in a critical period of growth, flowering, or solid periods such as the actual situation, and adopting measures such as manual removal, mechanical eradication, spraying green agents, and release of biological natural enemies. The treatment of foreign pests to invade diseases and insect pests should be adopted to adopt measures such as anti -disease insect species, seedling treatment, physical removal, chemical elimination, and biological control to effectively prevent the spread of pests and insect pests. The governance of an invasion of aquatic animals should take targeted fishing and other measures to prevent its further diffusion of harm.

"Regardless of whether it has the characteristics of invasion, it is not allowed to be introduced without permission for foreign species, let alone discard it at will." The relevant person in charge of the Department of Science and Technology Education of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry said that the Biological Safety Law stipulates that any unit or individual is not approved. It is not allowed to introduce, release, or discard foreign species without authorization; the Yangtze River Protection Law stipulates that it is forbidden to open, place foreign species or other non -local species resources in the Yangtze River Basin; Species, severe circumstances, imprisonment or detention of less than three years, and punishment or single fines.

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