What new opportunities do smart fisheries bring to the high -quality development of fisheries?

Following "Smart Agriculture", we ushered in another new word: "smart fisheries". In the 21st century, humans are gradually entering the knowledge economy and society, which are mainly information resources in the industrial economy of natural resources. In knowledge economy and society, the importance of information resources is far better than the importance of natural resources in industrial and economic society.

The construction of "smart fisheries" will provide strong information support for the leapfrog development of fishery technology. At the same time, the development of fishery technology will continue to enrich the content of "smart fisheries" and improve the service capabilities of "intelligent fisheries".

1. What is smart fisheries?

Smart fisheries are the advanced stage of fishery production. Its core is to integrate emerging technologies into one, such as the Internet, mobile Internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things. , Soil moisture, carbon dioxide, image, etc.) and wireless communication networks, to realize the functions of intelligent perception, intelligent early warning, intelligent decision -making, intelligent analysis, and expert online guidance of experts in the fishery production environment.

Mainly handle all fishery elements through digital forms, such as fishery resources, waters ecology, fishing and breeding. The production process and fishery management process of the entire fishery are characterized by information.

(Picture source: Professor Liu Ying of Zhejiang University)

Smart fisheries are in a narrow sense: intelligent management such as remote diagnosis, remote control, and disaster warning of fishery visualization. From the perspective of broad sense, smart fisheries also include e -commerce, anti -counterfeiting, agricultural information services and agricultural leisure tourism in agricultural (fishing) villages.

"Smart Fisheries" can not only drive the development of the industry, but also promote the progress of the whole society. Therefore, having "smart fisheries" is equivalent to occupying a commanding height of fishery and economy.

The development goal of "smart fisheries" is to achieve the development of low -carbon, economy, circulation and efficient fishery, and it emphasizes the popularization of energy -saving water -saving, spatial intensive agricultural models, and the popularization of related technologies.

Advanced sensing facilities and equipment of intelligent detection and perception control (picture source: Professor Liu Ying of Zhejiang University)

Second, the rise and development status of world smart fisheries

The concept of smart fisheries is actually derived from the "smart earth" concept proposed by IBM. In 2008, IBM proposed the concept of "smart earth". They defined "smart earth" as three dimensions:

The first is to be able to sense the essence and change of the world more thoroughly;

The second is to promote the world more comprehensive interconnection;

Third, on the basis of the above, all things, processes, and operation methods will achieve more in -depth intelligence, so companies will obtain more intelligent insights.

In the mid -1990s, the United States first installed satellite navigation systems on agricultural machinery, thereby opening the precedent of high -tech, high performance, and intelligence in agricultural machinery.

For example, some large farms in the United States use the production monitoring to monitor the growth status of crops, plus information such as GPS positioning information, farming area maps, cultivation of crops, and plant types to transmit this information to the software system in real time. After comprehensive analysis of this information, real -time judgments can be made. Therefore, they can form a yield report before they harvested the crops, which will help reasonable pricing of crops.

(Image source: Veer Gallery)

Everyone knows that Germany is a relatively high degree of mechanization. The government has vigorously invested agricultural technology and led by large enterprises to develop smart fisheries. The vigorous construction of agricultural databases provides a large amount of basic data for the development of smart agriculture, and closely integrates traditional agricultural production with machinery manufacturing, which greatly improves the level of automation of agricultural production.

Although the start of Smart Agriculture in France is relatively late, the intensity and scope of research are less than the United States, but the level and degree of application are not low, especially the production diagram and quality measurement of joint harvesting machines, fertilization machinery and plant protection machinery use GPS and GIS systems Variable operations have begun to be put into use and achieved outstanding results.

The AXIS series suspension variable sprinkler developed by the French Cuhn Company uses the GPS system and the GIS system to automatically generate fertilizer sprinkled distribution. It is equipped with an EMC control system that automatically adjusts the fat. Openness and angle, realize high -efficiency variables.

Japan is a country with agricultural labor population aging and insufficient agricultural labor. The government attaches great importance to the development of smart agriculture, establishes a comprehensive agricultural market information service system, and has completed the agricultural technology production information support system.

At present, more than half of farmers in Japan have chosen the use of Internet of Things technology, which has greatly improved the production efficiency and circulation efficiency of agricultural products, and effectively solves the problem of aging labor population aging and insufficient agricultural labor.

A agricultural village in Takachi -cho, Miyazaki County, Kyusao (picture source: VEER gallery)

Australia attaches great importance to the application of accurate technology and agricultural Internet of Things technology in the use of agricultural resources. Agricultural mechanization informatization is their key breakthrough. By vigorously introducing and developing various agricultural intelligent equipment, the development of network infrastructure construction, and using multimedia technology and long -range education methods to make its precise agricultural technology and agricultural Internet of Things technology at the forefront of the world.

Through more than 20 years of development in the world, the development of smart agriculture in developed countries such as Europe and the United States and Japan has achieved considerable achievements.

3. The research and application of international smart fisheries are an important part of agriculture. As far as my country is concerned, the latest statistics in 2021 show that the total output value of the total fishery output is nearly 10%of the total agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery output value.

In the report of the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) "The World Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2018", it clearly states that the rapid development of information and communication technology has had a revolutionary impact on fishery and aquaculture departments. Planning and monitoring, as well as in providing market information (including fishing volume archives and traceable systems, price information systems).

In addition, with the popularity of mobile devices, information and communication technology played an important role in the fields of security, space planning, joint management and social networks. All stakeholders in some areas of resources will also benefit from it.

(Picture source: FAO "Declaration of Sustainable Fisheries")

In the research of FAO, the main content of smart fisheries is a narrow category. The main content is as follows:

1. Intelligence of maritime safety and early warning

The security of fishermen in the operation or rescue operation depends on information communication technology. The electronic signaler can be combined with the automatic recognition system (AIS) or fishing boat monitoring system (VMS) to become a weapon for security, and it can also provide the activity information of fishing boats. Mobile phone consulting services can provide early warning on weather and extreme events, and support fishermen to call for help. Social networks can also become a source of early warning under emergencies (such as the outbreak of the disease).

2. Intelligent fishery management

Social media and other Internet applications used on mobile phones and tablets can improve the acquisition and sharing of reliable data. During the negotiation of management partnership.

Information and communication technology also supports cracking operations on illegal, not reporting, and no matter fishing. For example, the global positioning system (GPS) is getting more and more applications in the monitoring, management and supervision of fishing operations. Large -scale fishing boat installation fishing boat monitoring systems, as well as small tracking facilities such as Spot trackers. In this way, disputes in marine fishery management, especially in public sea fishery management, will also decrease.

(Picture source: FAO "Declaration of Sustainable Fisheries")

3. Intelligent fishery production

Aquaculture management software supports farmers optimizing production. For example, air sensors and water sensors and drone inspection equipment and anchors, monitor the environment and fish groups, and help optimize breeding operations. In the fishery industry, the global positioning system and other marginal systems can support the marking of fishing areas, recording strokes, and planning energy -saving paths.

Some fishing boats use information and communication technology, which will be used to locate the information and itinerary reports of the Sonic systems of fish groups, sea beds and underwater wreckage systems to generate new data sets and further improve efficiency.

(Picture source: FAO "Declaration of Sustainable Fisheries")

Dr. FridJof Nansen is the world's most advanced marine research ship and the only ship hanging on the United Nations flag.

The "Nansen" provides a platform for many developing countries with appropriate infrastructure. These countries can independently conduct such marine research on their fishery resources, including climate change, pollution and marine plastics.

The latest Nanton was launched in 2017. There are seven scientific laboratories and a auditorium on the boat, and are equipped with a modern sound sensor that can quickly draw fish distributed maps and remote control submersibles that can take submarine biological photos.

4. Improve industry capacity building and social network

Information and communication technology broaden the scope of tools available in industry capacity building, especially for the atresia or remote communities. For example, the electronic provision model of promotion services can supplement the traditional fishery and aquaculture promotion system, and support the industry to more conveniently understand the modern and sustainable practices on the supply chain.

5. Use changes in local knowledge monitoring

Convenient information and communication technology can do a good job of science popularization of fishing and breeding communities. For example, the citizen science platform can be established, and the stakeholders can use smartphones and websites to share information about the aquatic environment, or learn about the emergence of new population or habitats or habitats. loss.

While the experience of small -scale fisheries and aquaculture use information and communication technology has been accumulated, it has also been more and more aware of the benefits and risks and risks of various types of information and communication technology and good practices in the implementation process.

(Image source: FAO "The World Fishery and Aquaculture of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022: Strive to Real Blue Transformation")

4. The current status of the development of smart fisheries in my country

For my country's fisheries, smart fisheries are effective ways to achieve the three major development strategies: the three major development strategies and efficient, high -quality, ecological, healthy, and safe and sustainable development strategic goals.

In recent years, the development of modern fisheries in my country, that is, the development of the five major industries of aquaculture, fishing, aquatic processing, circulation, and leisure fisheries, has been inseparable from the scientific and technological innovation, informationization and intelligence of fisheries.

(Picture source: Professor Liu Ying of Zhejiang University)

Information technology has been applied to government auxiliary decision -making, resource management, environmental protection, surface use, zoning management, as well as weather and sea conditions, fishing conditions detection forecast, fishing boat navigation, and real -time command of maritime production operations.

Creating smart fisheries and digital fisheries is the key to achieving modernization of fisheries. It can not only improve the level and industrialization of fisheries, promote the intelligence and informatization of fishery production processes and supervision and management, but also significantly improve the ability and level of fishery production and fishery management decisions, and promote the transformation and upgrading of modern fisheries. (Picture source: Professor Liu Ying of Zhejiang University)

At present, the application of the Internet of Things and big data is promoting the transformation of aquaculture towards smart fisheries and moving towards digital fisheries and intelligent fisheries. Focusing on the four major elements of "early warning, prediction, decision -making, and intelligence", the transformation of "sweat fisheries" to "smart fisheries" must be realized, and the high integration of breeding technology, equipment technology and information technology requires a high integration. At present, leading companies in some industry have begun to explore the "Internet+Internet of Things".

The "Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Plan (2019-2025)" is a programmatic document for the development of smart fisheries. The document clearly proposes "build 4 systems" in the "fishery intelligence" section, and based on the Internet of Things-based on the Internet of Things The aquaculture production and management system is in front. Why? Because my country is the world's first breeding country. Therefore, smart fisheries are most obvious in the aquaculture industry. In the next article, let's talk about what unmanned fish farming is like.

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Liu Yadan (Assistant/Researcher of the former Secretary -General of the Chinese Fisheries Society, a national chief scientific communication expert)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

Edit: Tian Wei

references:

1. "Rural Green Paper: Analysis and Forecast of China's Rural Economic Situation (2021 ~ 2022)" P149-150, Social Science Literature Publishing House, April 2022

2. "Forefront of the World Agricultural Science and Technology" Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Education

3. "2018 World Fisheries and Aquaculture Status" FAO

4. "World Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022" FAO

5. "Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Plan (2019-2025)"

6.

7. Online fishery economic data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural

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