The development of smart fisheries, what "black technology" has it applied to fish farming?

Those who know smart agriculture must know unmanned farms, and friends who like fish raising will definitely think about whether there are no unmanned fishing grounds. Scientists have also thought about this problem and are constantly using technology to implement these.

As the world's largest aquaculture country, China is the way out of China's aquaculture in the future? How much can intelligent fisheries play? In the future, what profound changes can it make in my country's aquaculture?

First, why must aquaculture aquaculture take the road of intelligence?

Chinese aquatic products have ranked first in the world for 33 consecutive years. According to the latest statistics, in 2021, my country's total aquatic product output reached 66.93 million tons, and per capita aquatic products occupied 47 kg, which was twice the world's per capita level and the overall supply was sufficient.

There are more than 300 types of Chinese aquaculture, and the output of aquaculture increased from 47.932 million tons in 2016 to 53.88 million tons in 2021. In 2021, the proportion of aquaculture products increased to 80.5%in the output, an increase of 3.1%over the previous year, and it is expected to further increase to 56.3 million tons in 2022. From this figure, my country is also the largest world's largest aquaculture country, accounting for about 60%of the world's total aquaculture output.

The role of aquatic products in ensuring global food safety has aroused great attention from the world. However, some issues that need to be solved in front of us: in recent years, labor costs have increased year by year, and professional people engaged in fisheries are scarce year by year. Traditional fishery management models that rely on manpower and experience will become more and more difficult. Therefore, science and technology, data, and intelligence have become the only way for fishery development!

What problems can wisdom solve? Simply speaking, it is three sentences: it can effectively improve the ecological environment of the aquatic products, significantly improve the efficiency of the production and operation of aquaculture, and completely transform fishery producers, consumer concepts and organizational architecture.

To achieve smart aquaculture, we must also solve three problems first: What is smart aquaculture? How to do a good job of smart aquaculture? Who will realize smart aquaculture? These three questions, let's take a look at how to answer internationally.

(Picture source: Dalian Ocean University Pang Hongshuai)

2. What is the development of international smart fisheries?

What is smart aquaculture? The food and agricultural organization has launched the concept of "climate intelligent agriculture" (CSA) (including aquaculture), which aims to help build appropriate technology, policies and investment environments, and achieve sustainable agricultural development and ensure food safety in the context of climate change.

Climate intelligent fisheries can be said to be one stone and three birds. The purpose is to increase productivity as much as possible, adapt to climate change, reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions (slowing). It is different from what we said that the aquaculture of aquaculture is different. Its efforts are clearly clear from climate change. The purpose is to promote productivity, adapt to and slow down synergy, and ensure that everyone can obtain nutritious food.

However, in some relatively backward countries, it is difficult to connect the priority of raising productivity and the sustainable development of the social environment, but some researchers and fishermen have regarded climate intelligent agriculture as a alternative innovative type of innovation type. Adaptation.

So how to do a good job of smart aquaculture? The intelligentization of aquaculture depends on the modernization of facilities. Since the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) held in Thailand in 2000 in 2000, the development of facilities aquaculture in various countries has laid a good foundation for the intelligentization of aquaculture of aquaculture. In foreign countries, the mode of facility aquaculture mainly includes intensive pond breeding, greenhouses (greenhouse) breeding, factory breeding, and cage breeding.

Here, we focus on introducing several land breeding models.

1. Circular circulation of pond

This is a new type of intensive pond breeding model developed in recent years. This model generally divides the pond into two areas. Among them, about 97%of the large water surface areas are mainly used for ecological purifying farming water, commonly known as "raising maintenance "Water" can also be properly raised in a certain amount of filter -feed fish; the small water surface area accounts for about 3%. It is used to highly intensify the fish, to achieve precise and intelligent management and control, and can also separate some bait feces and remove them.

Circular flow of ponds (Picture Source: Author's shooting)

(Picture source: National Fisheries Promotion Station)

2. Greenhouse (greenhouse) pond farming

This is a plastic film or glass and glass fiber reinforcement covered with light transmittance on the farming pond, like a greenhouse (greenhouse) growing vegetables. The intensive pond farming and greenhouse (greenhouse) pond farming are not developed in Europe and the United States, so the technical level is relatively limited.

Circles of greenhouses (greenhouse) ponds (picture source: author shooting)

3. Factory breeding

This is the industry with the highest degree of facilities. It is a combination of high -tech and industrialization, which is characterized by high investment and high yields. Since entering the 21st century, foreign industrialized circulating aquaculture technology has begun to enter a large -scale application stage, and research has been deepened. Advanced aquatic biotechnology, engineering technology (especially automation, intelligent monitoring and control technology) has been continuously integrated and applied to this field Essence

(Picture source: Dalian Ocean University Pang Hongshuai provided)

(Picture source: Dalian Ocean University Pang Hongshuai provided)

(Picture source: Dalian Ocean University Pang Hongshuai provided)

Russian factory -based seedlings (picture source: Author shooting)

The characteristics of international smart aquaculture are mainly reflected in several aspects:

First, high -tech and popularization. In developed countries, developed countries have applied today's cutting -edge high -tech, including biological engineering technology, high -efficiency water treatment technology, modern monitoring and control technology, network information technology, etc. Second, intelligence and mechanization. At present, developed countries in foreign countries attach great importance to the automation, mechanization research and application of water quality regulation in factory breeding. In the high -density breeding system, the research and application of program control technology are very advanced. Other advanced countries also have many research and applications in terms of automatic control and water quality treatment, monitoring, etc., such as the use and integration of the latest contemporary technologies in the aspects of oxygen increase, biological purification and precipitation, filtration, nitrogen removal, aeration, etc.

(Picture source: Dalian Ocean University Pang Hongshuai)

Third, standardization and modularization. In recent years, foreign countries have significantly improved the standardization and modular research and application of industrialized breeding technology and equipment abroad. They have obtained quantitative indicators and experience design parameters in common biology, physics and engineering technology.

Fourth, large and oversized. Industrialized farming abroad has a trend of development to large and large enterprises. A US -breeding factory in the United States is responsible for half of the total sales of the shrimp market in the whole state; the Japanese government's fish farming workshop in Nagasaki covers an area of ​​3 acres; Russia plans to build multiple large factory fish farming factories with a total output of one million yuan Ton.

Third, what technologies have the intelligent aquaculture in my country applied?

At present, my country's intelligent aquaculture technology is closely integrated with the Internet of Things technology. Its application forms in the aquaculture industry are: real -time breeding environment monitoring, digital production records, intelligent logistics management, and perfect quality traceability of the system.

The use of these technologies plays a very important role in increasing the production of aquatic products, expanding production scale, increasing product quality, reducing breeding risks, and reducing resource consumption and labor costs.

1. Monitoring of aquaculture environment.

The implementation of aquaculture environment monitoring is a height of raising farm management to a comprehensive monitoring and management. First of all, it considers the ecological environment of production units such as aquaculture bases and surroundings as a whole. It integrates various related factors, systematically and precise analysis to ensure the ecological environment of fishery production within the tolerance.

At present, China's breeding environment monitoring mainly collects environmental information such as the temperature, humidity, lightness, air pressure, dust permeability, and harmful gas concentration of the farm through the real -time collection of the farm through the smart sensor. Drive the environmental control equipment of the farm, and then realize the intelligent management of the aquaculture farm environment.

(Picture source: Dalian Ocean University Pang Hongshuai)

2. Refined management of aquaculture.

In the aquaculture farm, people use information technologies such as QR code and wireless radio frequency to achieve real -time acquisition and analysis of animal growth information such as animal growth, breeding, epidemic prevention, and disease diagnosis and treatment based on mobile terminals. Then, the programmatic automation operation can be performed in accordance with the pre -set program to achieve precise control.

Refined management methods (Picture Source: Pang Hongshuai, Dalian Ocean University)

Real -time monitoring of aquaculture (picture source: Author shooting)

In terms of smart aquaculture, China has developed a water quality online monitoring system, expert online fish disease remote consultation system, aquatic product quality and safety detection and traceability system, public information release and mobile phone information early warning system, etc., and in Tianjin, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian The main area of ​​large -scale aquaculture area is widely used, which can achieve automated and precise operations, which can reduce investment in factors, save costs, and improve efficiency.

For example, the application of the remote consultation system of online fish disease can be used to assist in the problems that are difficult to diagnose in the case of difficult diseases. System application effect.

3. Improve the knowledge and skills of employees.

Whoever realizes smart fisheries is not just government and scientific and technological personnel. The perfect aquatic technology technology enables the relevant personnel of the aquatic industry to learn the knowledge of aquaculture remotely without leaving home, obtain various technology and aquatic supply and demand information, and the information terminal has become the brain of fishery producers. This is the basis for realizing smart fisheries.

In summary, smart aquaculture is to achieve: comprehensive perception of breeding environment information, precise identification of individual behavior of breeding, real -time monitoring of equipment work status, automation operation of on -site operations, and logistics informatization and traceability management.

(Picture source: Professor Liu Ying from Zhejiang)

4. What are the main models of my country's land -based facilities fisheries?

The facility aquaculture industry represents a national level of fishery science and technology, and is an inevitable trend of the development of modern aquaculture. Since the 1970s, China's facility aquaculture industry has developed rapidly. Based on the experience of fishery developed countries, it has integrated innovation and formed its own special facilities and aquaculture industries.

(Picture source: Professor Liu Ying of Zhejiang University)

1. Basic shed (greenhouse) pond farming

The greenhouse (greenhouse) pond farming is like the planting of greenhouse vegetables. It is a major characteristic industry in China. It has a large amount of extensive sides. , Crayfish, Luo Fei fish, grouper, etc. Through the heat preservation of greenhouses, extending the growth period or achieving perennial growth, compared with ordinary pond breeding, the breeding of greenhouse ponds has greatly improved the production and benefits of unit area. (Picture source: Author shooting)

2. Factory circulating water breeding

This is the construction of modern technology and equipment. It has facilities and equipment systems that can achieve all artificial control of breeding production conditions. High investment and high output are a high -level form of factory breeding. In recent years, factory breeding in coastal areas such as Shandong, Liaoning (East), Tianjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other coastal areas has developed rapidly. Essence

Semi -skid tongue pheasant factory breeding (picture source: Huanghai Aquatic Research Institute)

Inland factories have different sizes of enterprises in various parts of the country. The main breeding eel, turtles and precious fish are the types of high added value and river crab seedlings. At present, the design and construction technology of factory circulating water breeding engineering facilities, including water supply and raw water treatment, circulating water treatment, mechanical equipment, monitoring and control systems, etc., which have completely nationalized production.

Traditional breeding models have long been not suitable for the needs of modern society. Smart fisheries give the aquaculture industry a new direction in the future and create a new model of aquaculture. It is believed that in the future, modern technology and fishery breeding will be deeply integrated in management and operations. We have also entered a new era of informationization and intelligence in the fishery industry.

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Liu Yadan (Assistant/Researcher of the former Secretary -General of the Chinese Fisheries Society, a national chief scientific communication expert)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

references:

1. "Rural Green Paper: Analysis and Forecast of China's Rural Economic Situation (2021 ~ 2022)" P149-150, Social Science Literature Publishing House, April 2022

2. "Forefront of the World Agricultural Science and Technology" Department of Agricultural and Rural Affairs and Education

3. "2018 World Fisheries and Aquaculture Status" FAO

4. "World Fisheries and Aquaculture in 2022" FAO

5. "Digital Agriculture and Rural Development Plan (2019-2025)"

6.

7. "China Agricultural Outlook Report" (2022-2031) The Market Early Warning Expert Committee of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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