The largest bacteria in the world are discovered!Bigger than mosquitoes!

Review expert: Ji Shi

Observer of Life

There are countless bacteria around us, but we can't see them, because the bacteria individuals are very small, and the diameter of most bacteria is between 0.5 and 5 μm, and we can only glimpse their true appearance under the microscope. However, recently scientists have discovered a "giant bacteria" with a length of 2cm, which has changed people's awareness of the bacterial world.

The research report was published in Science magazine

Source ｜ Science.org

Discovery of Gorgeous Sulfur

Oliville Gross from the University of French Andreis University found a strange white long strip -like creature that grows on the surface of the Flande mangrove leaves in the Mangang forest in the Caribbean. After five years of research, Jean-Marie Volland and his partners finally confirmed that this was actually a bacteria! It is the largest bacteria in the world -gorgeous sulfur.

White gorgeous sulfur, visible to the naked eye

Source 丨 sciencemag.org

The gorgeous sulfur is not the first time in human history to discover giant bacteria, but to surpass Namibia sulfuric pearls in 1997. Namibia sulfur and pearls are the same as sulfurchia family, and their length reaches 0.75mm. Compared with ordinary bacteria, it is considered the "giant" in bacteria. At the same time, it also maintains the "world in the world for more than 20 years Record of the maximum bacterial ".

Namibia's sulfuric pearl coloring micro -photos

Source ｜ Wikipedia Encyclopedia

Gorgeous sulfur can be up to 2 cm in length. It is the "giant beast" in the bacterial industry. It is currently 50 times the largest bacterial volume known and 5,000 times that of the vast majority of bacteria. This is precisely because of this. I didn't think it was a bacteria before.

The comparison of giant bacteria and other common tiny creatures

Source 丨 sciencemag.org

Gorgeous Sulfur is a single bacterial cell with silk -shaped shape and because of white, so it looks like a white "pasta".

Source 丨 sciencemag.org

Gorgeous Sulfur is a sulfur oxidative γ-deformation bacteria, which not only creates the historical record of the largest bacteria, but also the first and only bacteria that is separated from the genetic material in the way of real nuclear creatures.

Bacterial characteristics

Although gorgeous sulfur is still large, it still belongs to bacteria, let's review the characteristics of bacteria here.

The main components of bacteria are cell membranes, cytoplasm, nuclear, and cell walls. Some bacteria also have special structures that other bacteria do not have in the pod, bacteria and whip, and other bacteria.

Bacterial pattern diagram

Source 丨 59baike.com

Bacteria are proxy creatures, so it is generally single cells, with simple structure, lack of cell skeleton and membrane cells. The most well -known example is the mitochondria and chloroplasts learned in biological textbooks during school. Bacteria are the most ethnic groups in microorganisms, including snail, bacteria, pupa, pyramids, bacteria, bacteria, mildew bacteria, diluk, and chlamydia.

The process of procedure biological binary, source ｜ Wikipedia Encyclopedia

Bacteria are mainly reproduced in a non -asexual dilation. When the bacteria grow to a certain period of time, the nuclear division forms two equal nuclear analogy and the new nuclear will be moved to both sides. In the end, the cells are divided into two. In the center, a new cell membrane is formed. And cell division is a continuous process. Some bacteria are separated after splitting, forming a single bacteria, and some will not be separated, forming their own special arrangement methods, such as splin bacteria and liaison.

Why is Gorgeous Sulfur Pearl Candida so big?

As early as the 1950s, the American scientist Schich, etc., found that the faster the growth rate of bacterial cells, the larger the cells. More importantly, the research uses a mathematical formula to describe the relationship between the size and growth rate of the bacteria, that is, as long as the speed of cell growth is known, it can accurately infer the cells of the cells out of the cells. size.

In general, the larger the bacterial body shape, the harder the nutrients are entering the cells, which to a large limit that the bacteria become greater. Researchers believe that gorgeous sulfur pearls can grow so much because it has more advanced cells and complicated tissues, which increases its surface area, so it can absorb more nutrition and energy. In addition, gorgeous sulfur candida can use the chemical energy of sulfur in the sediments at the bottom of the sulfur water in mangroves, which is one of the reasons why it is so huge.

The discovery of gorgeous sulfur pearls has subverted people's perception of bacteria, but human exploration of the micro -world has never stopped. The path of human knowledge and study of microorganisms is still obstructive.

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