As long as it is for a moment, plastic can also become diamonds!| One week technology

Welcome to technology for a week. This week you will see: ① plastic becomes diamond; ② AI expansion famous paintings; ③ amputation surgery of 30,000 years ago; ④ secrets of jellyfish jellyfish returning to old child; ⑤ air hydrogen.

Plastic diamond

Through a laser, the researchers turned the same plastic of the beverage bottle into a diamond -however, it was a super mini model with a diameter of only a few nanometers [1].

Plastic can also become diamonds | Hzdr / Blaurock

To be precise, they use X -ray free electronic laser to illuminate a PET plastic sample. This super high laser can increase the local temperature to thousands of degrees Celsius, and through the impact wave, it generates high pressure equivalent to a million times atmospheric pressure in a short time. In such a high -temperature and high -pressure environment, the carbon in plastic has transformed into tiny nano -diamonds, X -ray diffraction and scattering analysis confirmed this change process.

This is not an experiment to try to synthesize the human -made diamonds. Scientists are actually moving the material changes inside the planet. Inside the ice giant planets such as the King of the King and Neptune, there are high temperatures and high pressures and the environment of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen -it is simulating this situation.

Outside the picture

Dall-E, a well-known AI image synthesis tool, adds interesting new features: Now, people can use it to expand the picture at will, adding more background content to the original image [2]. In the demonstration announced by Openai, the creator August Kamp showed the effect of expanding the picture of the famous painting "The Girl with Pearl Earrings" about 20 times.

August kamp / openai / Johannes Vermeer

Such background expansion is not completed at one time. Users need to choose a 1024*1024 pixel -size area for screen expansion, and use text description to guide AI to add various background content. Every time the operation of the Dall-E will give 4 alternative results, and you can try it again if you are not satisfied. Expanded screens will consider the shadow, light and texture of the original screen. The following video shows the entire process of expansion screens:

August kamp

Ancient surgery

When is the earliest amputation surgery? The answer has been refreshed recently: at least 31,000 years ago [3].

The bones below the waist, 1/3 lack of the left calf ｜ t. R. Maloney et al./nature

In a cave in the Borneo Island Indonesia, archeologists discovered a human bone of 31,000. When the owner of the remains died, it was 19-20 years old, and it should be male according to height. This bone is unexpectedly complete. Except for the left calf -his left calf is about 1/3 less than the right, the tibia and fibula (that is, the two long bones of the calf) are cut off and neatly. This seems unlikely to be unexpectedly broken or bitten by a beast, but like some operations under controlled environments, such as amputation. There was no trace of infection on the bone. Researchers suspected that at the time, people may use some plants in Borneo to deal with infection. In addition, the left calf bones of amputation are significantly smaller than the right calf. With the healing, the researchers judged that the parties lived at least 6-9 years after surgery.

Image recovery map (found in the cave with this remains, there are also red color pigments and handprints) | Jose Garcia (Garciartist) and grifith university

This child who undergone amputation in childhood refreshed our understanding of ancient human medical technology. Earlier, archeologists found evidence of left amputation surgery of left forearm 7000 years ago in France; in addition, North Africa may undergo craniotomy 13,000 years ago.

Back to the old child lighthouse jellyfish is a magical creature with a stunt with "returning to the old child": after maturity, it can still return to the shape of the water bodies again and re -open a new life cycle to avoid aging and death.

Turritopsis Dohrnii | Maria Pascual-Torner

In a study published this week, scientists explored the principles behind this magical skill through genetic analysis [4]. They detected the genome of the lighthouse jellyfish and found that it had more genetic copy related to DNA repair and protection than other jellyfish. In addition, researchers also detected changes in gene expression during the return of lighthouse jellyfish. Studies show that the jellyfish jellyfish does not have a special "eternal gene". The key to "returning to the old" is a series of genes related to cell poly energy and development regulation, which are opened or closed according to the program.

At present, people have not found that the "return to the elderly" of the jellyfish jellyfish has a clear number of times. Theoretically, they can get unlimited life through this transformation -but jellyfish as experimental materials are not so good. In order to detect gene expression, they have been frozen and executed by researchers, and rebirth fails ...

Hydrogen

In this week's "Nature-Communication", researchers showed a new type of device that absorb water from the air to make hydrogen. As long as there is sunlight and air, you can use it to harvest high -purity hydrogen as clean fuel [5].

Even in a dry environment, people are still expected to absorb water in the air in the air | Pexels/ Pixabay

This device uses porous materials containing hygroscopic materials to collect water in the air, and then uses electric power from solar to drive electrolytes to turn water into hydrogen and oxygen and leave. In the preliminary test, this hydrogen -making device has been successfully operated for 12 days, and can continue to work in a dry environment with a relative humidity as low as 4%.

At present, the scale of the prototype device made by researchers is still small. Such small devices can harvest 1490 ml of hydrogen on a clear day. Next, researchers will also test a larger scale and verify whether the device can cope with challenges in real environments such as sand.

references

[1] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo0617

[2] https://openai.com/blog/dall-dallucing- means

[3] https://www.nature.com/articleS/S41586-022-05160-8

[4] https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2118763119

[5] https://www.nature.com/articleS/s41467-022-32652- y

Author: Mai Mai, the window knocks on the rain

Edit: Window knocking rain

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