China's water production technology is internationally, they have great contributions

In the previous issue, we talked to you about the value of biological technology and its development status in various countries. If you remember your friends who do not remember, you can review it.

Science and technology are the great creative activities of human beings. See if a country has development potential, the key depends on whether the country has talent advantages, and the aquatic biotechnology is no exception.

I used to talk to you the results of "in front of the stage", but in fact, there are a large number of dedicated scientific researchers behind each result, so today I will take you to understand these "behind -the -scenes" hero -the leading figures of water production technology in our country

Cell Development Biologist -Zhu Zuoyan, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Although the United States is a country that develops genetically modified animal products earlier, few people know that the earliest Chinese scientists who have successfully cultivated genetically modified fish in the world are Chinese scientists. The New York Times in 1990 reported that China led the United States for 3 years in this research field. Because as early as 1985, Academician Zhu Zuoyan successfully carried out the research of agronomic traitor genetically modified genetically modified genetically modified genetically modified fish in the world, developed the world's first batch of genetically modified fish, and proposed a model theory formed by genetically modified fish, creating a new field of fish gene transfer research. It's just that our genetically modified fish is still used in the field of research.

Academician Zhu Zuoyan mentioned the difficulty of research in many reports, and mentioned that his success was benefited from his mentor, the world -renowned embryonic developer biologist, Mr. Tong, the world. Under extremely difficult conditions, Mr. Tong led this level of research with his outstanding eyes and courage. Unfortunately, when research is really successful, Mr. Tong has gone away from us ...

Mr. Tong's weekly work in the laboratory (picture source: Institute of Oceanic Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences)

Zebrafish is an important model animal for research science, health science, environmental science, and aquatic science. In the past 10 years, under the advocacy of scientists such as Academician Zhu Zuoyan, 38 laboratories from 24 institutions including the aquatic institute, Peking University, and Tsinghua University jointly completed the "Zebra Fish 1 chromosome whole gene knockout plan".

This research plan lasted for more than 6 years, not only the first system of systemic gene knockout plan for the entire chromosomal chromosomes of the vertebrate, but also the first large -scale zebrafish in the world. plan. At present, the National Zebra Fish Resources Center has become recognized by the international academic community. It is one of the three major zebrafish resource libraries in the world in the United States and the European zebrafish resource center in Germany.

In the previous article, we talked about the results of biotechnology and also talked about gene knockout technology. Some people may not understand what gene knockout technology is. In general, it is the sequence of human beings to add, missing or replaced by the sequence of the target gene, which causes the genetic structure to achieve the purpose of our fixed -point modification and transformation of specific genes.

Gene knockout technology is the most important technical tool in reverse genetic research. This technology is widely used in research fields such as genetics, developmental biology, cell biology, medicine, environmental toxicology, and aquatic breeding.

Of course, the difficulty of scientific research behind success is not what we can describe in a few words. In the words of Academician Zhu, when they did experiments, each single experiment did thousands of cases. The experiment, how many times I have eaten, may be an astronomical figure.

Gui Jianfang, Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Some people say that Academician Gui Jianfang focused on a fish for 30 years. Although this remark was not complete, it reflected the focus and perseverance of Academician Gui Jianfang for scientific research. It is also the research of Academician Gui Jianfang for many years. We have achieved excellent results so that we can eat many delicious freshwater fish.

Academician Gui Jianfang Research results. Picture source: provided by the Institute of Aquatic Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

In the scientific research of Academician Gui Jianfang, the most prominent thing is that he cracked the mysteries of the reproduction of silver cats and cultivated a generation of "Chinese Science and Technology Series" for generations. Essence

Academician Gui Jianfang's research has promoted the continued growth of the production of catfish nationwide. In 2017, the national catfish production reached 2.82 million tons. Among them, Academician Gui Jianfang's "Zhongke No. 3" accounted for 70% of the production of the main catfish main breeding area. about.

In addition to the cultivation of new varieties, Academic progress of Academician Gui Jianfang has also attracted great attention from international colleagues. In the past 80 years, there are two major problems in evolutionary biology. One is how single animals break through the gear effects accumulated by harmful mutations, and the second is how to obtain genetic diversity to adapt to a variable environment.

For the first time, the study of Academician Gui Jianfang's team found that multi -twice silver caropes have unique monomer reproductive and sexual reproductive methods, which provides a unique case for answering the evolutionary genetic problems faced by monomer animals.

Silver's unique single reproduction and sexual reproductive dual reproductive method.

At the same time, Academician Gui Jianfang also revealed the infiltration phenomenon of the existence of silver cats, chromosomes or chromosomal fragments, identified the cloning system with different chromosomal numbers, nuclear and DNA content, and created a research system for screening silver reproductive genes. The new direction of the genetic appraisal and functional research of unilateral reproductive animals and farming fish reproductives was opened.

Obtaining rich scientific research results is inseparable from the excellent qualities of Academician Gui Jianfang, and persistence is the main characteristic of his scientific research. The cultivation of the new varieties of silver is not permanent. In the process of breeding, there are often mixed varieties and degradation. Therefore, variety cultivation must be continued from generation to generation. However, although the work is very busy, Academician Gui Jianfang is not a "ears who don't hear outside the window". He is very concerned about social hot issues, especially the solution of the problem of aquaculture and water pollution. Participate in social public welfare activities. Every time there are related activities of academicians, he will have him.

Famous shellfish genetics and breeding scholars -Bao Zhenmin, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering

Academician Bao Zhenmin has long been engaged in the teaching and scientific research of marine biological genetics and breeding, and especially emphasized that excellent varieties are the key to the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. His main direction is shellfish.

Picture source: Academician Bao Zhenmin courseware

Picture source: Academician Bao Zhenmin courseware

Academician Bao Zhenmin carried out in -depth research in the fields of scallops germplasm resources, genomics, and development and evolutionary biology, and developed the first shellfish based on the best linear unjustly predicting BLUP genetic assessment system and established the scallops molecular breeding technology system. Five excellent varieties of scallops have changed the situation of scallop breeding and dependence on wild seedlings, making China a center of international scallops.

Picture source: Academician Bao Zhenmin courseware

The results of Academician Bao Zhenmin are rich. He also analyzed the genetic foundation and regulation mechanism of the important economic properties of scallops, provided new ideas for discussing the complex life phenomenon and process of marine vertebrates, and invented the complete low -cost general genome gene New technologies of classification, breaking the technical bottleneck of aquatic high -throughput genome analysis, and establishing scallop molecular labeling assisted breeding and whole genome selection technology.

It is precisely because of the hard work and hard work of scientists that laid a solid foundation for the latecomers.

Seawater fish biotechnology and genetic breeding experts -Chen Songlin, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering

Academician Chen Songlin's scientific research direction is seawater breeding. Most of us do n’t know. Fish breeding is a long process. It takes at least 10 years to cultivate a new variety of fish. The semi -slip tongue “鳎 鳎 1” cultivated by Academician Chen Songlin has spent 12 years.

He established a fish species frozen preservation technology system, found China's first fish gender special molecular mark, and decippped China's first fish (half -slip tongue) genome, revealing its gender decision mechanism, and creating molecular control technology.

Some people may think that the process of scientific research is boring, especially for more than ten or even decades, but because of love, Academician Chen Songlin is among them.

His aquatic biotechnology and genomes research room drawn a fine diagram of semi -slip tongue and dental gymnomics, revealing the mechanism of sexual chromosomal evolution and alpine adaptation mechanism; inventing the semi -skid tongue tongue high female seedlings; Variety- "鲆” 1 "toothy; setting a fish sperm library, 23 seawater fish cell lines.

The results are the best rewards for "ten years and one day".

The road of scientific research is long, and scientists are asking. The Yellow Sea Aquatic Research Institute is often lit in most offices even in the middle of the night. In this light, there are Academician Chen Songlin, experts older than him, and new generation of young people.

"Sea Waterfish Given Resources and Biotechnology Innovation Team" Laboratory Personnel Picture Source: Huanghai Aquatic Research Institute

Therefore, Academician Chen Songlin is very proud, and often says that his team is growing, and more people will move forward on the difficulty of biotechnology. People say that becoming an academician is a supreme honor, but Chen Songlin thinks more responsibilities. He will continue to move forward to lead the new generation to complete more historical mission.

At present, developed countries in the world have increased their research on aquatic biotechnology, and aquatic biotechnology represented by genome research and development has become one of the fastest high -tech fields in the world today.

In the future, aquatic researchers will accelerate the pace of scientific and technological innovation, apply more biotechnology to the cultivation practice of the cultivation of aquaculture, disease prevention and control, and strive to be based on the forest of the world's breeding industry and make greater the development of the world's aquaculture industry. contribute.

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Liu Yadan (Assistant/Researcher of the former Secretary -General of the Chinese Fisheries Society, a national chief scientific communication expert)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

Edit: Wang Tingting

Reference materials:

1. The major progress of scientific research of the Chinese Academy of Aquatic Sciences in Aquatic Products Sciences of China;

2. The Fisheries and Fisheries Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs "" Thirteenth Five -Year Plan "scientific and technological innovation play a leading role to help fisheries green and high -quality development"

3. "Research on the Strategy of the Development of Aquatic Genetics Breeding and the Development of Aquatic Products" Gui Jianfang 1, Bao Zhenmin 2, Zhang Xiaojuan 1

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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