How to stop foreign invasion species in many places?

Recently, the crocodile croaks appeared in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Henan, Sichuan, Jiangsu and other provinces. In order to capture the crocodile sparrow, Ruzhou Central Park, Pingdingshan, Henan, did not hesitate to dry the lake. As a result, crocodile tubes have been hotly discussed on the Internet.

(Picture source: CCTV)

The crocodile crickets did not belong to Chinese species and appeared in the freshwater waters of China. This is obviously not a natural diffusion, which is likely to be caused by artificially. At present, the crocodile can not overwinter in the cold water area in the north, but it does not rule out changes in the adaptability ability of crocodile crickets, because the species has the ability to adapt to the environment. For example, the United States Rainbow Breeding has been breeding in fresh water before, and it has grown in seawater, but now the American rainbow has fully adapted to the environment of the five major lakes in North America.

Hongyu (Picture Source: Veer Gallery)

What threats to the local ecology?

The crocodile cricket was originally a North American species, and there are almost no natural enemies in the Chinese waters. There are several main aspects of the harm to the local ecology: first, threatening the survival of the lower reaches of the food chain through the food chain relationship; The survival of fish -like fish; third, it may be hybridized with local species to reduce species diversity. The above influence will threaten the health and stability of the entire aquatic ecosystem.

At present, more than 25%of the world's extinction incidents are related to the invasion of foreign species, and even the engine of the sixth species extinction. Many foreign species not only threatened ecology, but also cause serious socio -economic losses, but also infectious some diseases.

The crocodile queen boring is hotly discussed, the problem of foreign invasion species is worth thinking about

Here we first clarify the difference between "foreign species" and "invasion of foreign species". In our lives, there are many species such as tomatoes, potatoes, etc. They are typical "foreign species", but they enrich our lives today. These species that belong to human domestication are the meaning of human meaning.

(Image source: Veer Gallery)

In contrast, "foreign species invasion" is an ecological process. This process is roughly divided into a few steps:

In the first step, humans intentionally or unintentionally bring foreign species into the scope that does not belong to its natural distribution.

In the second step, this foreign species can be reproduced locally and can build a population in a natural state;

The third step is to cause gene pollution through the food chain or inter -species relationship, or hybridization with local species, affect the survival of local species, reduce the diversity of species, and threaten the stability of the ecosystem.

Regarding the risk of "invasion of foreign species", it mainly depends on two aspects. The first is to see its survival and diffusion ability. For example, the stronger the proliferation ability of this foreign species, the higher the possibility of the harm; the second is to see it for the local area. The degree of harm of species.

It is still that the species will be very harmful to the local species, so the harm brought by the invasion is great. There are also many parrot birds in our homeland, which are also foreign invasive species, but their degree of harm is relatively low.

In addition to crocodile crickets, there are Brazilian turtles, red fire ants, Canadian yellow flowers, and Fushou snails, which also have a great harm. In particular, some insects and aquatic creatures are difficult to control once invasion.

Since foreign invasion species are so harmful, can it be banned directly?

Foreign species on the market involve all aspects, such as food, wood, pet market, etc.; Secondly, not all foreign species can cause biological invasion, and not all foreign species can naturally reproduce and establish population population locally. Most of the foreign invasive species around us were because they did not attract enough attention. In the past, the lack of relevant constraints, people intentionally or unintentionally let these foreign species flow into the homeland and constitute an invasion. For example, the Brazilian turtle was originally a pet turtle. After being released by humans and entered the local ecosystem, it caused foreign invasion. And Brazilian turtles can compete with local turtles, hybridize with some species to reduce the diversity of local turtles. Another example is Fushou snails, which were previously cultivated by artificial breeding. After escaping or release of humans, they flowed into nature and form invasion. The key is that once these foreign species escape from the original control areas, adapt to the local ecological environment, and form a stable population, it is very difficult to control.

Starting on August 1, 2022, the "Administrative Measures for Foreign Invasion Species" is implemented. This is my country's first management measure for prevention and control of foreign species to prevent and control from source prevention, monitoring and early warning, governance and restoration. The governance of foreign invasion species has attracted widespread concern in society.

For foreign invasion species, "the bell must be tied to the bell." If you rely on human beings alone, you will always be tired, but if we change an angle to protect the local ecology, we can form a barrier to resist foreign species invasion. The Li Yiming team of the Institute of Animal Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied a total of 894 foreign animals in the world ’s 110,000 groups in the world’ s invasion. Studies have found that foreign animals have invaded only 9.1%of the protected areas, while 89.4%of the protected areas of protected areas. The 10 kilometers of the surrounding area has appeared wild species of foreign invasion species. This shows that the natural reserve play its main role in preventing and controlling foreign species, and the earlier the establishment of the protected area, the higher the diversity of local species, and the better the effect of preventing and controlling foreign species.

The invasion of foreign species is not only a regional matter, but a global vision. With the intensification of global trade and global climate change, the threat of foreign species invasion continues to increase. Only by understanding the invasion hotspots of foreign invasion species around the world can we "prevent the enemy outside the country." The so -called invasion hotspot refers to areas where environmental conditions are suitable for large number of foreign species. Taking amphibious reptiles as an example, under the current climatic conditions, the potential risks of foreign amphibiad animals are mainly concentrated in western Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Great Oceania Islands, Caribbean, South America, Mediterranean, and eastern Madagascar. In the future, most of the risks of potential invasion are still gathered in the same geographical area. Understand the hot spots of foreign species in the world, formulate early monitoring and rapid response measures, and take priority to take protection measures, which is essential for reducing and preventing foreign invasion of the invasion of biodiversity. Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Zhao Xumao (young researcher at Lanzhou University)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

Reference

Li, x., liu, x., kraus, f., tingley, r. & li, y. (2016) RISK of Biology Invasions is Concentral Hotspots. Frontiers in eCOLOGY and The ENVLON111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111.

Liu, X, Blackburn, T.M., Song, T., Wang, X., Huang, C. & Li, Y. (2020) Animal Invaders Threaten Protected Areas Worldwide, Nature Communications, 11, 2892.

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