The aerospace power behind the "Famous Scene"

Recently, the Shenzhou 14th multiplication group completed the first out of the cabin. From the first time the Shenzhou -7 astronauts Zhai Zhigang realized the space out of the space, to the 2021 Shenzhou 12th multiplication group to achieve the first out of the space station stage, and then to the Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 14th multiplication group continuously carried out continuously. Walking in space ... So far, China has successfully implemented 6 astronauts out of the cabin. Every time there are new highlights and new surprises, there are many "famous scenes" for Chinese aerospace.

What development and changes have the Chinese astronauts' out of the cabin? How can the application of new technologies walk safer and more comfortable to walk in space?

From 19 minutes to 6 hours

The longer the task is heavier

On September 27, 2008, Shenzhou VII Aerospace Zhai Zhigang completed the first space walking of the Chinese people with the close cooperation of Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng. During the outlets that took 19 minutes and 35 seconds, Zhai Zhigang retrieved the solid lubricating material and solar panels on the outside of the spacecraft cabin.

The first successful implementation of the space out of the space to make China the third country in the world to master the key technologies of the space out of the cabin independently. The breakthrough of this key technology has also laid a solid foundation for the construction of the space station.

After a lapse of 13 years, on July 4, 2021, Shenzhou 12 astronaut Liu Boming and Tang Hongbo successfully came out of the cabin. In about 7 hours of out of the cabin activities, the spacemen in the cabin and outside co -cooperated together to complete the tasks such as the assembly and panoramic camera of off -cabin activities; on November 8, 2021, after about 6.5 hours of outlet activities, Shenzhou -thirteen astronauts returned to Tianhe's core cabin safely, Zhai Zhigang staged "Space Stroll" again. Wang Yaping took the first step in the space outside the Chinese women's cabin; a few days ago, Chen Dong and Liu Yang of Shenzhou 14 were in the appointment. The 6 -hour outlet activity has completed the task of installing the installation of the Experimental Card Extension Pump, the Panorama of the Experimental Card of the Experimental Card, and the autonomous emergency return verification of the cabin ...

The space officer's outlet event is the top priority of the task of the Chinese space station. The construction of the space station and the installation, maintenance, maintenance, replacement and test sample recycling of the installation, maintenance, maintenance, replacement and testing samples of the space station are required. The number of people out of the cabin, longer out of the cabin, and heavier tasks of the cabin ... Compared with Shenzhou VII, the space staff at the space station stage increases from half an hour to more than 6 hours. The difficulty increased, and the continuous outlet activities showed the pace of China's aerospace industry.

From node compartment to air gate cars

Walking out of the cabin more calmly

When the Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 were taken out of the cabin, they all came out of the cabin of the nodes in front of the sky and the core cabin. This time, Shenzhou 14th multiplied out of the cabin, and for the first time, he "went out" by asking the Tianyan Experimental Counterbill. Compared with the node compartment, the cabin caliber of the air gate is increased from 85 cm to 1 meter. Aerospace can carry the device out of the cabin to work more calmly while wearing an off -cabin.

The seemingly simple size increase is actually a balance between "Gang" and "soft". As a complex product in the spaceware mechanism, the outlet door covers sealing, transmission, locking, guidance, lubrication, human machinery efficiency and other disciplines. The cabin design team implements these complex functions into the operation details of the product. For example, in order to ensure the safe use of the "door" of the "door" of the experimental cabin, the cabin door is equipped with a tailor -made cabin door protection cover, and the cabin door leakage device is used as a seal detection method, and the door pressure point switch is used as the status auxiliary as a state auxiliary judge.

Asked the development of the air gates compartment of the Tianjia Compartment, it is inseparable from the pioneering advancement of Shenzhou VII -in order to break through the outlet technology, scientific researchers have re -applied the air gates compartment function to the Shenzhou VII spacecraft rail compartment and successfully applied in space. Lalate the foundation for the development of the space gate. Today, before the astronauts are out of the cabin, they only need to use the supporting handle on the cabin door to rotate and unlock it. Use the helping agency to eliminate the residual pressure and pull the door handle to complete the opening of the door door.

In the future, I will become the main "channel" of the space officer out of the cabin. Once there is a problem with the air gates during the outlet process, the astronauts can still return to the cabin through the node compartment as a backup to ensure that the outlet activities are safe and reliable.

Outside space clothes that ensure life safety and support for off -cabin activities have also been continuously upgraded in previous outlet activities. During Shenzhou VII mission, scientific researchers developed China's first off -cabin in the short term. 13 years later, when Shenzhou 12th out of the compartment mission, the new generation of space uniforms have improved a lot, which has changed the structural design, improved the service life of clothing and the ability of people's clothing. High, better mobile flexibility, and stronger testability. Walking through space stations at the space station stage fully verify the performance of the new generation of space clothes.

From 1 meter to 10 meters

"One Strometer" allows astronauts to go further

During the walking process of space, the safety rope is the "lifeline" of connecting the space officer and the space station -the telescopic safety rope institution of the space station to help the astronauts' smooth out of the cabin activity to help the "one rope".

During the task of Shenzhou VII, the safety line used by Zhai Zhigang is a fixed length. Its effective length is only more than 1 meter, and the range of activities is limited. In the construction task of the space station, astronauts must complete the outlet tasks such as the installation and maintenance of the space station. The outlet is larger, the operation difficulty is more difficult, and the safety requirements are stricter. Rope institutions -not only ensure a safe connection between the astronauts and the space station compartment of more than 10 meters, but also the movement of hooking or interference in astronauts in space uniforms. Test of the harsh environment such as space, space particles and other harsh environments. To this end, the development team of the 529th Factory of the Fifth Hospital of China Aerospace Science and Technology Group, with its rich product design capabilities of space institutions, targeting the design needs of long distance and space environment adaptability, innovative design plans have realized the constant power collection and release of wire ropes. Rotate torque to avoid the introduction of cables, and ensure the convenience and mobility of astronauts.

At the same time, in order to reduce the resistance during the wrapping, avoid the impact of spatial radiation environment on the wire rope, and prevent the wire rope from having the aerospace suit, the designer uses special coverage materials for spatial radiation to protect the steel wire rope to ensure that the institution Safe use. In order to meet the requirements of the long life use, the design scheme of the auxiliary rope ropes to guide the steel wire rope rope is also adopted, and a large number of test verification is passed to ensure that more than 10 meters long steel wire rope is tens of thousands of times in the small space of the mechanism. Wrap.

From the arm to the combined arm

Robotic arm division of labor cooperation is more powerful

Compared with Shenzhou VII mission, a major feature of the space station stage is the cooperation between astronauts and organic arms outside the cabin. Space station robotic arm assignment of astronauts and related equipment and tools to the operating point, and supports astronauts to complete the subsequent operation tasks.

In the four out -of -the -cabin activities of Shenzhou 12 and Shenzhou 13 mission, the astronauts completed a series of out -of -class tasks through the large robotic arm of the core compartment. In the first out of Shenzhou 14th, the small robotic arm on the experimental compartment debuted for the first time, and the astronauts accurately and stable to the operating point.

The robotic arm is one of the star components of the Chinese Space Station. As a new field of China's aerospace industry development, robotic arm integrates a number of technologies such as machinery, electricity, heat, control, and optics. The main function of the small robotic arm is similar to the large robotic arm. It can truly simulate the flexible rotation of the human arm. It can grasp the object at any angle and part through the rotation structure, and can also crawl on the surface of the experimental compartment.

Compared with large robotic arms, small robotic arms have many new features. It is more delicate in shape. The weight and length are about half of the arm, and the load capacity is about 1/8 of the arm. The exercise and control are flexible; the operation is more accurate, the end positioning accuracy of the forearm is higher, the position accuracy and posture are attitude, and the posture attitude The accuracy is better than the big arm, which can complete the fine operation with higher accuracy requirements. The division of the two robotic arms of the size has its own focus, and cooperates with each other, which can meet the needs of the space station task.

According to the plan, in the subsequent tasks, asking the Tianyan experimental cabin robotic arm to complete the "large and small arm in the rail combination" in space with the core cabin robotic arm in space. At that time, the forearm can be captured by the big arm to form a combined robotic arm, which can expand to 14.5 meters, and the range of activity covers 3 cabins in the space station. If you need to install equipment on the outside of the cabin, you can go up to the cargo air gates of the Dream Temple Experimental Card, and complete the installation on the off -cabin loading platform through the capture and transfer of the combined arm. In addition, large and small robotic arm can also cooperate with out -of -class operation tasks, complete the maintenance of mutual inspections and mutual inspections, and effectively improve the reliability of the robotic arm system. (People's Daily Overseas Edition)

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