How to learn for life?The middle class and the useless class, who is [Digital abandoned people]

Compared with the intellectual revolution in history, only in the end of the 19th century in the industrial revolution of the UK at the end of the 19th century, the second industrial revolution in the United States and Germany at the end of the 20th century, and the "World War II" information based on Moore's Law. revolution.

These four revolutions have a common feature, that is, they have a huge impact on society. What is most likely to be deconstructed at the moment and the future is people's survival issues.

We used to use technology to use technology to liberate "non -human labor", but the purpose of technology may be to serve the creation of higher profits and the accumulation of capital. Furthermore, technological progress will inevitably liberate some people. Where do these people be liberated?

In the era of intelligence, who will become digital abandoned people? How can we better cope with intelligent changes in "low -degree alertness"?

Duan Weiwen, a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Social Sciences, talked in the intensive reading class of "Life 3.0" in his lecture.

01

vigilance

Who will become the useless class

Picture source: movie "Snow Country Train"

The basic suggestion of the author of "Life 3.0" to young people is to make a machine that is not good at and it is difficult to be automated in the future. This is what people often say. In the face of the development of artificial intelligence and intelligence, which are the advantages of human beings that will not be replaced by machines?

A research report on the University of Oxford pointed out that so far, humans have won at least in terms of creativity and generality, social cognition, negotiation art and demonstration ability.

Tig Mark also gave suggestions from a similar perspective. The book quotes a prediction method to determine whether the occupation will be replaced by the machine. For the following series of questions, the more affirmed answers, the safer the choice of this career.

These questions include: Does this job need to interact with others and use social capabilities? Does this job involve creativity, will you make you think of smart solutions? Does this job require you to work in an unpredictable environment?

In response to which occupation will not be replaced, in addition to this prediction written in the book, we usually see a lot of different opinions. In fact, this type of research report is incomparable to future predictions for future predictions precise.

Many prediction research methods in the future are not scientific. For example, whether a certain industry will be threatened by automation in the next 20 years, researchers do not know the answer. Expert advice.

Therefore, the so -called prediction is actually just statistics on various opinions. This research method is not even scientific, and it is difficult to obtain exact knowledge from it. To be honest, there are many think tank consulting reports now. Many times can only be used as a reference, not too serious.

Picture source: movie "Son of the Internet"

In addition, when making professional predictions, you should not just see technical factors such as high production efficiency of robotics, and you must also realize from the social dimension that the existence of an industry and position is ultimately a social choice.

In other words, in the development of reality, a certain position may be automated or partially automated, but it does not necessarily mean that related positions will be replaced by automation. People are likely to Completely replaced people with machines.

For example, even if the civil aviation aircraft is in the process of flying, most of them are controlled by the autonomous driving system, but now it seems that people still want pilots to stay in front of the dashboard, even if they are looking at iPad most of them.

Freight truck drivers may be very fragile, but they should also realize that once their jobs may be lost, society should give this number of groups with necessary transfer counseling and economic assistance. Through this analysis, the future you see is no longer a general trend.

You will realize that on the special lanes of urban proprietary roads and highways, autonomous driving may be quickly accepted, but on the road of mixed and winding windows, the public will oppose the road to autonomous vehicles on the road.

Similarly, although it was difficult for people to board a plane without a pilot for a while, it was easier to accept unmanned aircraft in terms of air freight.

In 2016, Microsoft once launched a chat robot Tay. According to the initial design of Tayi, a 19 -year -old girl was able to learn in the process of chatting with people. Without thinking about it, she became an anorexians who don't like to eat and racists who like Hitler. Microsoft had to let her go offline. The turning over this time shows that the information accepted and output accepted and output accepted by chat robots and various smart voice devices should be filtered.

Frankly speaking, the current artificial intelligence system is often very fragile. Sometimes as long as a few pixels are modified, artificial intelligence image recognition will be planted. Moreover, once the artificial intelligence makes a mistake, it may be a complete failure.

For example, a research team uses some pictures to train deep learning neural networks to identify pictures including tanks. They were happy to find that as long as the tank was exposed behind the sand dunes, the neural network could identify the tank, and even the tank was completely blocked by the dunes, the output result was still the tank.

But this excessive success made experienced researchers realized that there must be something wrong. The results showed that the tank in the photo was taken by tank photographers in the dunes one morning, and the photographer returned to place until the lunch was finished and took some photos with only sand dunes. Therefore, what neural networks are recognized are not tanks, but the shadow of the dunes. This means that the machine actually learned is that the morning is equal to tanks and no tank in the afternoon. This seemingly ridiculous lesson shows that in order to effectively overcome the defects of artificial intelligence and avoid low -level artificial stupidity, in addition to continuously improving design and strengthening testing, it is also necessary to avoid artificial intelligence failed through human -machine cooperation.

From this, it is not difficult to see that in order to better meet the upcoming future, from society to individuals, the most basic action strategy should be from the separation of human -machine to human -machine collaboration, and use artificial intelligence to enhance people's wisdom. Symbiosis and human -computer creation is worthy of life.

Literally, artificial intelligence's English abbreviation AI can also be understood as enhancement of intelligence. This gives us the focus of enhancing intelligent ecological development including human intelligence and machine intelligence.

02

action

Copy intelligent survival

Picture source: movie "Son of the Internet"

If people can cooperate with human -machines with artificial intelligence, they will undoubtedly complete various tasks than humans or machines alone.

In the future, human intelligence and machine intelligence can form a new intelligent ecology. The advantages of humanity such as creativity, emotional intelligence, ethics, and ethics can be combined with the strengths of the machine in terms of logic strictness, calculation speed, accuracy, objectiveness, and tiredness, and form complementarity and mutual combination.

In fact, grabbing red envelopes on mobile phones or strengthening high -speed rail tickets during the Spring Festival is a typical human -machine collaboration process. It's just that these processes are all carried out unconsciously. So, how to actively create a future of human -machine creation to enhance intelligence? Three suggestions.

First, the need to realize knowledge on demand.

In order to welcome the coming of an intelligent society, we must make full use of artificial intelligence technology to achieve the need to provide knowledge on demand to create conditions for everyone's active lifelong learning.

In the future, people will live more and more. The contradiction between the knowledge and ability provided by the existing education system and the demand for continuous learning of each person will become increasing.

Therefore, in the knowledge society and intelligent society created by artificial intelligence, what everyone can really benefit is not to be allocated on -demand on -demand in income, but the need to be allocated on demand for knowledge and even wisdom.

In other words, the future development of artificial intelligence is good, and your personal innovation and entrepreneurship. An important breakthrough is to transform knowledge and intelligence into products and services, and to accurately push them to those in need.

Second, the continuous enhancement of people and the humanization of the machine.

That is, the continuous enhancement of people's knowledge and skills with artificial intelligence, through human participation to make artificial intelligence more humane.

With the development of artificial intelligence, machine intelligence will be everywhere. Various knowledge and skills will be increasingly embedded in the machine. It should not be directed to the development direction of the machine to replace the person. Connect people and machines with smart terminals.

Let people understand the cognitive and operational process of machine intelligence, use machines to achieve the goals that people want to achieve, and also allow the machine to provide people with more humane products and services.

Third, take the initiative to learn as well.

For everyone, one of the keys to understanding the future of artificial intelligence is to realize that the essence of artificial intelligence development is to constantly embed people's existing knowledge and skills into machines. Plant new knowledge.

· You have to learn how to use these new machines, including mastering its advantages and defects, so that its application meets people's goals.

· You also need to learn how to further improve these machines, including how to make it more secure, stable, reliable and credible, so that it is more human when dealing with people.

In this process, what you need to think and grasp is a new change in the knowledge ecosystem brought by it, such as human knowledge and machine knowledge, implicit knowledge and knowledge, individual knowledge and group knowledge, and so on. Facing the future challenge of artificial intelligence, these two aspects are the basic content you need to learn on demand.

Of course, if you are a technical customer or a person who loves DIY very much, you may also actively create the future. As Ferman said, to understand one thing, the best way is to make it. You can make, invent, play with it, and learn while creating what you want, bringing people a better future.

Picture source: movie "Hidden Characters"

A few years ago, a movie called "Hidden Character" project people's attention to these black female mathematicians and engineers who once made outstanding contributions to the aerospace industry.

In the 1960s, many complex engineering computing needed to be completed by people. Many young girls in the calculation department of the Apollo Monthly Plan plan acted as computors. At that time, the United States was still implementing the racial isolation system, and the computing group was divided into white groups and black groups.

One day, Dorosi of the Black Computing Group happened to encounter an engineer installed a newly purchased IBM large computer. The manager of the computing department told her that this computer could complete the work of dozens of girls in your group in an instant.Doros was keenly noticed that the computer would replace the computor, but she was not worried and complained, but she was calm and proactively prepared for the upcoming new era.

She quickly learned Fortran language programming and persuaded and trained her younger sisters to help them successfully transform into computer programmers.

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