Youli et al. ｜ The development of the Department of Physics of atomic molecules in the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University in 40 years

Author: Youli Li Shiqun Xue Ping

(Institute

This article is selected from "Physics" No. 8, 2022

Atomic molecular Physics (ATOMIC, Molecular, and Optical Physics), referred to as AMO Physics, is an important support for the first -level discipline of physics in the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University. After 40 years of development, it has now covered the key direction of modern atomic molecular light physics. It has an internationally renowned scientific research team in precision measurement physics and quantum information science. It is an important talent training and scientific research base in AMO. In order to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, this article briefly reviews the key time points and people in the development of the AMO discipline in the Department of Physics.

The rapid development of the International AMO Discipline in the past few decades has mainly benefited from the intersection of atomic molecular physics disciplines and optical physics disciplines. The development of the AMO discipline of the Tsinghua Physics Department is similar. In 1982, the study of AMO direction was mainly concentrated in two teaching and research groups formed by the original physics teaching and research group (at the time as one): atomic molecular physics teaching and research group and modern optical teaching and research group. Laser spectrum, light information processing and optical film. Some teachers who merged from the Department of Engineering Physics to the Department of Physics (at that time, referred to as the second department), and newly developed research directions such as laser single atom detection and electronic dynamic quantitative spectrum. In 1997 The Department of Physics has made the Department of Physics a new level in the direction of atom molecular physics theory. After that, the AMO disciplines have successively expanded the research directions of quantum optics and atomic optics, near -field optics and micro -zone spectrum, biomedical optics, biomedicine, precision measurement physics, quantum information, quantum simulation, cold atom physics and other research directions. In October 1999, the Department of Physics and the "Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Elementary School and the Ministry of Education of Nano -Science" and "Modern Optical Teaching and Research Group" formed the "Institute of Atomic Molecular Physics and Physics". 1999-2011). The following briefly reviews atomic molecular physics, optical physics disciplines, and merged into the unforgettable development history of AMO.

1 Atomic Molecular Physics Division

In the early stage of the recovery, the director of the atomic molecular physics teaching and research team was Xu Yizhuang. The basic force was the infrared laser scientific research team led by Professor Xu Yizhuang before the recovery. Essence In the development of high -pressure continuous frequency adjustment CO2 and FM laser and its application, teaching and research groups have made good progress. In 1986, the atomic molecular physics teaching and research group and the modern optical teaching and research group were combined into a modern optical teaching and research group. After that, the development of the "Optical Discipline" section for details.

In the 1980s, some teachers who merged from the original Department of Engineering Physics to the Department of Physics also developed a new research direction of Laser single atomic detection. The support for the development of the development points the development of the atomic molecular discipline to the basic research with a major application background. Chen Yanyan and others proposed that "laser single atom detection" was one of the "growth points" of future development. Chen Yanyan and Ma Wanyun's two teachers allocated a intermediate physical experiment with the support of the 20,000 yuan funded by the school and the support of the 30,000 yuan of the Ministry of Education. With the help of the National Science and Technology Commission, I learned that the countries in the "July Five" plan at the time had an urgent new technical needs in the field of resources and environment, and urgently needed to develop new technical methods to effectively investigate the scarce precious metal resources of underground depths. They are determined to combine the micro -laser single atom detection (LSAD) with the macro -based resources and environmental sustainable development science to directly detect the geological traces of the gold mines deep in the underground, that is, the detection of deep gold atom molecular heat movements generate and leave away from free Move to the soil soil to form a gaseous gold in soil gap. Under the organization of the State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Earth and Mining, after the feasibility demonstration of at all levels, it is officially included in the national "July Five" technology key project "National" Thirty -five "project" and "Gold Special". State investment in startup funds for more than 2.2 million yuan. The State Science and Technology Commission recommends to support the start of this basic research project by the national science and technology research project. In order to promote the development of this new discipline of this basic research, in the mid -1980s, Tsinghua University decided to establish my country's first "laser single atom detection laboratory". Academician Meng Zhaoying did a lot of active work in the early days of the establishment. In 1985, he invited Professor G. S. HURST, the founder of the "Single Atomic Detective", the National Laboratory of Oaksling Ridge, to lecture in Tsinghua and established a close cooperative relationship. By the early 1990s, the team had grown from two people to the scale of 17 teachers, 10 post -doctoral and about 20 graduate students, and grew into a professional academic team based on young people. Many backbones have later undertaken administrative management: Xu Xiangyuan has successively served as deputy secretary and deputy director of the Department of Physics, Deputy Dean of the Graduate School of Tsinghua University, President of Hainan University, President and Secretary of the Capital Normal University; Member of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, deputy director of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Commission, President of Taiwan Classmates, Vice President of the National Taiwan Federation, and Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Taiwan Union; Deputy Dean, Executive Dean of the Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University, etc.; Ma Hui has served as Deputy Director of the International Division of Tsinghua University, Deputy Director of the Department of Physics, and Deputy Dean of the Shenzhen Graduate School of Tsinghua University; Director, director of the Ministry of Physics, Director, Executive Deputy Director of the Ministry of Science. This capable and energetic scientific research team has independently developed a multi -type ultra -sensitive high -resolution spectrometer, equipped with an advanced professional research and talent training base, and undertakes a number of national science and technology research, "863", "climbing planning plan "He and other project tasks such as the Director of the National Natural Science Foundation of my country, and successfully further the trace analysis technology of PPM (10-6) and PPB (10-9) under the conditional interference effects of the complex substrate at that time at the time of our country at the time further further towards PPT ( 10-12) and Asia PPT (≤10-13) move forward. On October 8, 2004, at the banquet of Vladimir B. Sovkov, Welcome to Tsinghua University (from left: Chen Yanyan, Li Li, Wu Guozhen, VLADIMIR B. SOVKOV)

Professor Li Li, who was transferred into the laser single atom detection laboratory in 1994, used the micro -disturbance enhanced dual resonance laser spectrum technology established by Professor Robert W. Field with partner MIT. And more than 40 triple states of CS2 and other elements, including pictures that are significant in theory and experiments. She also used a high -resolution spectrum detection NA2, Li2 and K2 molecules for the first time with her colleagues. These dual stimuli states are obviously different from the physical behavior of the same energy region. Due to the significant differences in the electronic structure and ion base state , No self -power departure. In terms of molecular stimuli dynamics research, Li Li first studied the "channel" effect of single -to -three micro -tech energy levels in the process of collision passing for the first time in state -state -level experiments. A strong pre -solution caused by the potential curve to avoid crossing, and the energy level is as small as 250 FS (usually tens of nail seconds). Professor Alain Aspect, an internationally renowned quantum optical — Cold Atomic French Academician French Academician, said, "LI2 is a Chinese from toman from tsinghua."

On June 6, 2006, Professor ZARE of Stanford University in the United States visited (1: Yang Jie, Yang Jie, Mo Yuxiang, Left 3: Lei Juan, Left 5: Lei Li, Right 1: Hao Yisong, Hao Yusong, Hao Yusong, Right 2: Xie Feng, Right 4: Zhang Cunhao, Professor ZARE, teacher and student, etc.)

From the beginning of the laser single atom detection laboratory, Wang Dazhen quickly gave positive reactions and support with his keen insight into new scientific things. With his prestige and influence in the academic circles, more than 20 academicians and experts Wang Yichang, Chen Fangyun, Tang Aoqing, Tang Aoqing, Shi Changxu, Lin Lanying, Tu Guangchi, Xu Guangxian, Cheng Kaijia, Zhang Cunhao formed an academic consultant group and academic committee. He He personally serves as the director of the academic committee. After the new century, Wang Dazhen asked Du Xiangyu to serve as the director of the academic committee, and Wang Dazhen was appointed as the honorary director. At the beginning of 1993, when presenting the laboratory's "Research Report", Wang Dazhen and Chen Fangyun wrote to Jiang Zemin together, stating that "this is a major breakthrough that I use the atomic to directly manipulate atoms from the atomic structure. The development of this technology will have a significant impact on molecular electronics, micro chemical reactions, biomolecular engineering, and micro -energy conversion mechanism. Advanced countries in the world have included development of this technology into the priority development plan. I feel that my country must also carry out the urgency of this work as soon as possible. People are developing rapidly. If we do not catch up as soon as possible, we will not be able to reach it in the future. " The leaders of the party and the state attach great importance to it. Comrade Jiang Zemin made an important instructions and pointed out: "Regarding the relationship between basic research, applied science and development, our policy has been set, that is," stabilize one end and let go of one '. The development of science and technology today is very very very developed. Quickly, we must have something to do with cutting -edge science and technology projects. Once the breakthroughs can drive the new industry revolution, we should catch up. Please study the reports of the two members of the two academic departments of Wang Dazhen and Chen Fangyun. " This instructions are widely conveyed and implemented in the national scientific and technological community, and the influence is very profound. Relevant academic circles have organized two Xiangshan Science Conferences and three academic discussions on the development of this discipline nationwide. In March 1996, according to the extensive and in -depth discussion and research of scholars and experts, eight academicians further formed a discipline development recommendation report entitled "Incorporating the Single Atomic, Molecular Surveying and Control Science and Technology into the National Basic Research Plan". Wen Jiabao's instructions on this report pointed out: "Atomic, molecular -level detection, manipulation and control is a strategic basic study, and it is also a key technology that can drive the new industry. "". According to this, Wang Dazhen and Tang Aoqing, Chen Fangyun and Tu Guangchi jointly suggested that "the establishment of the" Basic Science Research Center of Single Molecular Molecular Surveying and Control Science and Technology Basic Science Research Center "as the" Ninth Five -Year Plan "was established as a master of basic research centers in the" Ninth Five -Year Plan "plan. "Point", and emphasized that the field of this discipline is "must do, it is necessary to catch up, and it is not available. It is slightly delayed in today's fierce international competition, which may form backward. ","

On February 27, 2002, the key laboratory of the atomic and the Ministry of Science and Education of Nano -Science held an academic committee. Participants took photos in the front row from the left: Zhang Dechang, Zhuang Fengyuan, Li Jiaming, Deng Shoupeng, Zhang Cunhao, Peng Yanwu, Wang Dazhen, Du Xiangyi, Cheng Kaijia, Jin Guofan, Yao Junan, Li Jiaxi; Bai Jing, Li Yanda, Mo Yuxiang, Zhang Xinrong, etc.

In the early 1990s, the State Education Commission specially approved the "Laser Single Atomic Detective Laboratory" as a "laser single atom detection open laboratory". In the mid -1990s, the laboratory developed according to the aforementioned situation, which was easily named the Ministry of Education's "Open Laboratory of Single Molecular Measurement and Control and Control". In the late 1990s, it was renamed "Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of the Atomic Molecular Nano -Science."

Studies in the Laser Single Atomic Detective Lab have won a number of national awards. Including the National "July Five" scientific and technological achievement award (jointly awarded by the State Family Planning Commission, the State Science and Technology Commission, and the Ministry of Finance) (1991): "Application of Laser Single Atomic Detection Technology in Geological Mining"; the country " Eighth Five -Year "Science and Technology Customs Exchange Award (jointly awarded by the State Family Planning Commission, the State Science and Technology Commission, and the Ministry of Finance) (1996):" Investigation of the central part of the Okinawa Sea Trigger and the Sea near the Diaoyu Islands "; In the year): "Atom (molecular) levels of ultra -sensitivity spectrum (and applications) and atomic molecules high excitement spectrum research"; the second prize of scientific and technological progress of the State Education Commission (1991): "Laser single atom detection of super sensitivity spectrum science And its application research "; the second prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Education (1999):" Extremely micro -standard (single atom, molecule to nanoparticles) super sensitive spectrum and its application "; Beijing Science and Technology Second Prize (2002 in 2002 (2002 in 2002 ): "Basic Research on the Mental Molecular Measurement and Control" and so on. After many years, the deep -sea oil patent patent developed by Professor Chen Yanyan has led to the establishment of the "Tsinghua University -Creation Creation Science Research Center", which has promoted the construction of the new physics building. [1]

On August 28, 2012, the unveiling ceremony of the "Tsinghua University -Creation Foreign Science Research Center" (Xu Zengping, chairman of the board of directors of Hong Kong Chuang Law Group)

In 1997, Academician Li Jiaming was transferred to the Department of Physics. In order to be consistent with the laboratory, the center was renamed the "Atomic Nano -Science Research Center". The center and the laboratory are parallel, and most of the teachers in the laboratory have become members of the center. At the same time, the center also absorbed teachers such as Gu Binglin, Fan Shoushan, Chen Haoming, Zhu Jialin, Li Shiqun, Long Guilu and other members such as Gu Binglin, Fan Shoushan, Chen Haoming, Zhu Jialin, Zhu Jialin, Li Shilin, Li Shiqun Scientific goals of manipulation and control. The center is committed to promoting the cross -disciplinary cross, and in the subsequent development to help the relevant college to stabilize young talents, attract the Department of Physics (Guo Jihua, Ma Wanyun, Xue Ping, Ni Jun, Mo Yuxiang, Xue Qikun, Wang Xiangbin, Wang Lijun, Dai Xingcan), Dai Xingcan), Dai Xingcan) The Department of Chemistry (Zhang Xinrong, Li Yadong, Li Jinghong), the Department of Industry (Cheng Yan, Lu Wei), and the Beijing Computing Science Research Center Gao Xiang of the China Institute of Engineering Physics and Research Institute Gao Xiang joined. Since then, atomic molecular disciplines have developed rapidly, and they have grown into an atom molecular physics basic research base with special theoretical and experimental research. At the beginning of the new century, Tsinghua University's "atomic molecular physics" was rated as a key discipline point by the Ministry of Education. Entering the 21st century, the Department of Physics took the key laboratory of the Ministry of Education of the Atomic Molecular Nano -Science and Education as an important foundation, and further integrated the research force of condensation state physics and AMO disciplines. National Key Laboratory of National Key Laboratory -Low -dimensional Quantum Physics National Key Laboratory.

2 optical discipline

Prior to the reinstatement of 1982, the study of optics, especially laser research in the physics teaching and research group, had reached a considerable level. Research results have been awarded many times: In 1978, three high -power laser laser, empty cadmium cadmium laser, and dual -frequency laser interference instrument won the National Science Conference Award; 1980 automatically compensated the dual -frequency laser interference instrument and dual -frequency (Seman ) Two laser items won the first prize of Beijing's scientific and technological achievements. At that time, the research groups with large internal optical and atomic molecular physics in the physics teaching and research group include infrared laser separation group, laser spectrum group, coating group with laser research, and optical processing group and laser workshop. Undergraduates and graduate students are ready. In 1981, the Degree Committee of the State Council approved the first batch of master's doctoral degrees awarding points. The discipline of optical discipline was the first batch of approved optical master's degree and Ph.D. (the first doctoral tutor was Meng Zhaoying and Xu Yizhuang, and Zhang Peilin was approved in 1984) Essence Ouyang Zhongcan, the first Ph.D. in Tsinghua University (now Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences), passed a doctorate degree in the Ph.D. in Optics in 1984. He obtained a doctorate degree. The mentor was Xu Yizhuang and the deputy mentor was Xie Yuzhang.

The basic forces of the modern optical teaching and research group came from the laser spectral group, coating group, optical processing group and laser workshop of the Physics Teaching and Research Group at that time. Laser spectrometry research began in 1979 by Zhang Peilin and Zhao Shuoyan in Tsinghua University. The original work was saturated on the basis of the adjustable harmonious single vertical mold steady frequency and nitrogen molecular laser pump dye dyes. Research on the absorption spectrum and optical current spectrum, later developed into the study of laser sensitivity, non -linear quadruple mixing and multi -wave mixing frequency, coherent anti -Stoks Lamantic spectrum, vacuum UV radiation, etc. The modern optical teaching and research group also carried out optical film research, high-power HE-Ne and various metal steam laser development and laser application research. In 1986, the atomic molecular physics teaching and research group and the modern optical teaching and research group were combined into a modern optical teaching and research group. It aimed at the mainstream direction of the optical field. After the merger, research such as non -linear laser spectrum was developed. At the same time, maintaining the traditions of teaching and the cultivation of students, and further improve the training system for undergraduates and graduate students. By the evaluation of the national degree training in 1991, 6 PhDs have been trained: Ouyang Zhongcan (1984), Ma Wanyun (1987), Li Fu (1989), Liu Guojun (1990), Zong Mingcheng (1990), Xing Qinghua (1991). Drawing on the experience of first -class universities abroad, gradually staged the scale, forming a pattern of discipline mainly formed by the research group of professors. At that time, the laboratory was: nonlinear laser spectrometer research room, atomic molecular research room, optical information processing research room, laser device research room, optical film research room, etc. The previous directors of the modern optical teaching and research group are: Zhao Jun (1986-1989), Guo Jiansheng (1989-1992), Zhao Jun (1992-1994), Li Shiqun (1994-1999). By 1999, when the school revoked the establishment of teaching and research, optical disciplines also added new research directions such as quantum optics, near -field optics, and micro -zone spectrum nanomaterials, and all -curing laser research. Among them, the study of quantum optics was started by Li Shiqun in 1984, involving ultra -radiation, photon waves, non -classic optical non -linear optics, etc. In 1989, in Tsinghua University of Tsinghua It was carried out by Zhao Jun and Sun Jialin, involving near -field optical microscope, nanomaterial preparation, and microstatic spectrometry research; all -solid laser research was carried out by Wu Nianle and Li Shiqun, involving self -adjustment Q, plate laser, etc. During this period, the research results of the non -linear spectrum group were outstanding. Atomic multi -wave mixing and multi -optical sub -sensitive fluorescence testing won the second prize of the 1991 State Education Commission Science and Technology Progress Award (Class A). By 1999, 6 doctors were trained: Zhang Jian (1992), Wu Xiaoguang (1993), Zhou Yidong (1994), Xue Ping (1994), Wang Gang (1997), Lu Yajun (1998). The research direction later further expanded to the containing oceanology and atomic optics, near -field optics and micro -zone spectrum, full curing laser physics, ultra -cold atom guidance, quantum effects of ultra -cold atomic system, photon crystals, quantum left -hand special materials and quantum quantum quantum Information and other directions. In the summer of 1998, Chen Haoming organized the research and research of young teachers in the Department of Physics and Computer Department. Chen Haoming and Long Guilu drafted the suggestions for conducting quantum computer research at Tsinghua University and submitted to the school academic committee and Vice President Liang Youneng. In 1999, Li Shiqun was invited to host the WL (Laser Cooling: Bose-Einsten Condensation and Atom Laser) Workshop, which played a positive role in promoting the research on ultra-cold atoms in China. [2]

3 Atomic molecules and Light Physics Institute (AMO)

In October 1999, it was composed of the "Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Ouoma and the Ministry of Science and Education of Naniology and the Ministry of Science Education and the modern optical teaching and research group". 1999-2011). [3]

In December 2000, we and Peking University jointly established the "Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and Measuring the Ministry of Education" with Peking University. Long Guilu, Li Shiqun served as the deputy director of the laboratory, and the director and deputy director of the Tsinghua University sub -laboratory. The branch of Tsinghua University includes research groups such as quantum computers and quantum communication, quantum optics and atomic optics, quantum information materials, superconducting electronic science and other research groups. [4]

Mo Yuxiang, introduced in 2000, successfully developed an experimental device with an international advanced level with two -bouquet pulse laser four -wave mixed frequency to generate XUV laser and ion imaging. Light solution, spectrals and dynamics of small molecule light solution. Recently, they have successfully developed the first international set of vacuum ultraviolet laser sputtering substrates with sub -micron space. Ning Chuangang is mainly engaged in the research of electronic dynamics spectrum and highly discerning negative ion optic electronic spectrum research. They recently used the slow electronic speed imaging and cold ion trap method to precisely measure the electronic affinity of more than 30 elements, and found that the negative ion (TH-) can be cooled by laser.

In 2002, Li Shiqun participated in the 973 project "Quantum Communication and Quantum Information Technology" (2002-2007) led by Academician Guo Guangcan. In 2006, Li Shiqun entered the "Quantum Regulation" expert group of the Ministry of Science and Technology, and as chief scientists organized Peking University, the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Zhejiang University, Beijing Applied Physics Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, etc. Planning project "Bol Sei-Einstein Cohesion and BCS-BEC Transformation". Long Guilu successively served as AMO (2011-2014). The Longguiru group carried out the study of quantum computing in theory, promoted the Grover algorithm, and proposed a quantum search algorithm with a zero failure rate to improve the Grover algorithm. In terms of research on MRI's resonance quantum computers, the Longguilu research team is one of the earliest three research groups in China. They successively implemented 2-7 quantum bits of nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing experiments. At the same time, it also proposed the idea of ​​using distributed transmission to perform quantum communication, and related research continued to this day. They further applied it to quantum key allocation, quantum secret sharing, and quantum direct safe communication. These schemes have the advantages of safety, high capacity and high efficiency.

With the strong support of the department, AMO introduced Dr. Jiang in 2003 and introduced Zhang Weiping from the University of Optical Sciences from the University of Arizona (quantum optical theory, and later transferred East China Normal University and Shanghai Jiaotong University). During the director of Academician Zhu Bangfen (2003-2010), Wang Xiangbin, introduced in 2004, joined Tsinghua University in 2006. As one of the main proposals of quantum password deception, the research results in quantum password communication are outstanding.

The joining of Professor Wang Lijun (2008) and Professor Yuli (2009) greatly enhanced the research power of the AMO discipline. In 2013, Professor Zheng Mengzheng was further introduced. In 2017, Professor Liu Yongchun was introduced; In 2019, Chen Wenlan, Hu Jiazhong, Yang Luyi, and Professor Xiong Qihua were introduced. In 2021, Miao Haixing and Professor Jin Qizhen were introduced in 2021, and the young professor Ding Shiqian was introduced in 2022.

Professor Wang Lijun organized the team to conduct a research on precision measurement, mainly engaged in the research of precision measurement and measurement cutting -edge technologies, including absolute gravity measurement, light clock, atomic clock, miniaturized ion clock and other aspects. In January 2009, the Precision Measurement Joint Laboratory was established by Tsinghua University and the China Institute of Metrology Science. Wang Lijun served as the director of the United Laboratory. Give full play to the respective advantages of Tsinghua University and the China Institute of Metrology, and strive to create a joint laboratory with an international level.

Professor Youli joined Tsinghua in 2009. He is currently the director of the Institute of Physics and Physics of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University (2014-2022). Director (2011-2022). In 2013, Yuli and the collaborators (Cai Qingyu, Zhang Baocheng and Zhan Mingsheng of the Wuhan Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences) were proposed by the measurement of the quantum association between Hawking radiation between black holes). The theory has won the first prize of the annual thesis of the American Gravity Foundation. In 2017, the Tsinghua team cooperated with Zheng Mengzhang to successfully use the quantum phase change to prepare and screen the entanglement of at least 910 atomic entanglement in the experiment. The World Record, the result is published in the SCIENCE magazine, and was selected as the "Top Ten Progress of China Science" issued by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2017; the honorary title of "Advanced Workers" of Tsinghua University in 2018, and the study of quantum optical and quantum information in AMO in the same year The team won the honorary title of "Advanced Collective" of Tsinghua University.

With the popularity of the entire department and the continuous joining of outstanding talents, the Tsinghua AMO discipline is entering the international advanced ranks with a brilliant attitude; currently the collection effect has been formed in precision measurement of physical, quantum communication, quantum computing and quantum simulation. Essence It is expected to raise the level of research to a brand new height and fully enter the ranks of international advanced levels.

Gratitude

Wu Nianle, Ma Wanyun, Xie Feng, Zhang Weihua, Mo Yuxiang and other teachers also contributed to this article. Thanks here together!

references

[1] Part of the content of the "Tsinghua Physics 80 Years" manuscript, the 80th anniversary department of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, the teachers in the organizational department of Mr. Zhu Bangfen wrote. The time node is 2006

[2] Part of the content is taken from the manuscript of "Tsinghua Physics 80 Years", and it also combines the content of the scientific research of Tsinghua University and other Tsinghua University in Tsinghua University and others

[3] The formation process has been briefly described in the "Tsinghua Physics 80 Years" (P.242); the name of "Atomic and Nan Science Education Ministry of Education" has changed several times. P.238) There is a description; at that time, Academician Li Jiaming's "Atomic Molecular Exploration Science and Technology Center" already existed, and the relationship between the "Atomic and the Ministry of Science and Education of Nano -Science" and "Center"

[4] There are brief descriptions of the establishment of the joint laboratory in "Tsinghua Physics 80 Years" (P.243)

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