Create a manned deep diving world record: "Jianlong" "upgrade", exploring the deep sea is more "potential"

From running, running to individual areas to lead, set a record of manned deep diving world records; after completing technical performance optimization, enter the new stage of business application

"Jianlong" "upgrade", exploring the deep sea is more "potential"

The ocean has bred life, connects the world, and promotes development. As an important platform for knowing the ocean, the modern marine department test ship has developed rapidly since World War II; as an important equipment on the scientific test ship, the submersible has gradually become standard. Among all submersible types, the manned submersible (HOV) can carry scientists to the bottom of the sea to carry out the most realistic on -site observation, in -situ detection, and fine sampling, which has become the focus of research and development at home and abroad.

Since my country proposed the R & D people's submersible in the 1990s, it has been explained and developed after 30 years. A few days ago, the 15th meeting of the Sixth Executive Council of the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association was held, which concluded that the deep -sea high -tech equipment represented by the "Dragon" independently developed by my country has achieved from running, and running to individual In the major leap in the field, the "Dragon" set a manned deep dive world record and put into business application.

"Dragon" new mother ship "Deep Sea No. 1".

Belief of 7000 meters level

Starting from Aoshanwei in Jimo District, you can come to the National Deep Sea Base Management Center (hereinafter referred to as the "Deep Sea Center") after about ten minutes. The center of the deep sea stands near the Yellow Sea, and it is surrounded by Cao Island and Chai Island on both sides. Nearby you can see small fishing villages such as Chai Island Village and Xiangyangzhuang Village. But fishing boats are not very common here, remarkable is a huge scientific test boat. On the grass island, a 300 -meter -long dam stretched into the sea. This is the national wharf of the national deep sea base. Looking out of the office on the 3rd floor of Ding Zhongjun, deputy chief engineer of the Shenzhen -Sea Center, you can clearly see the "Deep Sea No. 1" at the "Dragon Dragon" mother ship "Deep Dragon" quietly stopped at the pier. "The" Deep Sea No. 1 "scientific test ship has just returned to Qingdao recently.

Ten years ago, on June 27th, the "Dragon" was successfully dived by 7062 meters in the deepest Marine Trench in the ocean. To reach this depth, strong comprehensive national strength is needed as support. Liu Feng, who has been the commander of the "Dragon" for many years, said that my country had proposed the R & D manned submersible in the 1990s, and the demonstration time was 10 years. Until 2002, the "7000 -meter manned submersible" (later named the "Dragon") was officially established and included in the major project of my country's National High -tech Research and Development Plan (863 Plan). Prior to this, my country was absent from the field of manned deep diving for nearly 50 years.

The "Dragon" dives.

The research and development of foreign submersibles has gone through a long -term exploration, and rapid development is after World War II. Among them, Swiss Piccad's father and son developed the famous "Riyaster" in the 1950s and drove the manned submersible in 1953 to set a world record of 3,150 meters. Later, the United States purchased the "Riyaster" and modified it. In 1960, a world record of 10,916 meters was set in the Mariana Trench. However, this "arms competition" during the Cold War period can be said to only break the dive record. In 1964, the "Alvin" in the United States was successfully launched. This was the first operating manned submersible in the world. The first generation of the maximum dive was 2000 meters, and the second generation increased to 4500 meters. In addition to the United States, in 1984, France built the "Nautilus", with a maximum dive depth of 6000 meters; in 1987, the Soviet Union (now Russia) built "Peace-1" and "Heping-2", the maximum subordinates, and the maximum lower subordinates, the maximum lower subordinates, the maximum lower subordinates, the maximum lower subordinates, the maximum lower subordinates, and the maximum subordinates. The depth of the potential is also 6000 meters; in 1990, Japan built the "Deep Sea 6500", with a maximum dive depth of 6500 meters.

Throughout the development of foreign countries at that time, the R & D of manned submersibles had become a trend. This is why my country proposed to develop manned submersible in the 1990s. The maximum dive depth of the manned submersible to 7000 meters highlights the belief and determination of my country's benchmarking and transcending the same type of manned submersible in the world.

"In the 1990s, my country's deep sea and ocean were booming. But major deep -sea scientific research equipment was seriously lacking, and almost all high -precision equipment came from imports." Ding Zhongjun recalled that my country needs a leading major project to achieve breakthroughs and boosts us entering us to enter The national self -confidence in the deep sea, and the manned submersible is an outstanding representative in major equipment.

my country has a strategic layout of developing high -tech and has more direct practical needs. According to reports, with the deepening of international underwater investigation and research work, my country obtained 75,000 square kilometers of the East Pacific in 2001 with a multi -metal tuberculosis mining area with exclusive exploration rights and priority mining rights. The use of manned submersible to reach the bottom of the sea can conduct more detailed field surveys on the submarine resource and environment, and can also perform sampling and experiments directly on the bottom of the sea. As a result, the R & D of "Longlong" was put on the agenda faster.

The challenge of 7000 meters down

Generally speaking, in the manned submersible, submariners do not need to do special security protection. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the life of the submarine aircraft, you need to work hard on the submersible. First, we must solve the problem of pressure resistance of manned submersible. Zhu Min, deputy chief designer of "Dragon Dragon", once metaphorized: 7000 meters of water depth corresponding to 7000 tons, 7000 meters dived by the "Dragon", which is equivalent to 150 96 tanks per square meter (every 1 square meter ( It weighs about 45 tons). The "Dragon" to withstand great pressure and does not deform, and puts forward high requirements for materials, structure and sealing technology. Secondly, it is necessary to improve water acoustic communication technology. Because radio waves are attenuated too fast in the water, the only communication method of the "Dragon" on the bottom of the sea is water sound technology. In order to maintain the smooth communication between the "Dragon Dragon" and the subjects on the top of the sea surface, it is necessary to solve problems such as low water communication transmission rate, noise effect, and echo interference. Regarding independent research and development or renting a foreign manned submersible, an episode also occurred. "At that time, we wanted to rent the" Alvin "manned submersible in the United States, but the other party opened the price, a submarine was $ 500,000. According to the exchange rate of the year, we need to pay a contract with their submersible to dive a contract once. 5 million yuan, can't afford it at all. "Ding Zhongjun lamented that my country did not have its own manned submersible, nor could it afford a foreign manned submersible.

It is under the influence of various factors that my country has established its own manned submersible research and development team. At that time, more than 100 units across the country cooperated. The 702 of the China Shipbuilding Heavy Industry Group Corporation participated in the manufacturing and welding of the manned cabin throughout the process. … In addition to focusing on the human body, the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association also specifically selected my country's first generation of submarine aircraft for centralized training. Through international cooperation, in 2005, he took the "Alvin" manned diving in the United States in 2005 The instrument has completed the eight -person dive mission, gained valuable dive experience, and laid the foundation for subsequent training of submarine aircraft system training.

Aeroba taken by "Dragon".

After many years of exploration and layout, a series of key technologies such as the Life Support System, Voltage resistance system, automatic control system, acoustic communication system, and battery energy system have been made in a breakthrough. In 2009, the "Dragon" completed the decoration. In August of that year, the first dive was 38 meters, and the first step in the deep dive of Chinese people was taken. In the following four years, under the support of the scientific test mother ship "Xiangyang Red 09", the "Dragon" has successfully obtained a 1000 -meter, 3,000 -meter, 5000 -meter, and 7000 -meter -level sea test successfully. On June 27, 2012, the "Dragon" successfully dived for 7062 meters in the Mariana Trench, setting the deepest record of the same type of manned submersible in the world.

As the first manned submersible developed by China's self -designed and independent integration, the performance of the "Dragon" was verified in the dives again and again, and it also appeared on the world stage in the record record. Because of the "Dragon", China has become the fifth country in the world in the world in the world that master the deep -manned deep diving technology after the United States, France, Russia, and Japan.

New model, new discipline

"At about 9 o'clock, the" Dragon Dragon "began to dive vertically and fell to the mountains of the South China Sea. As the depth of the dive increased, the sea water outside the porthole changed from the blue blue to the dark blue until it was dark. As soon as I planned. Soon, we dived to the bottom of the 3573 meters deep. We observed the boundless iron manganese tuberculosis, seeing purple, white, red, dark brown sea cucumbers, and red real shrimp, and White sea lily, sea umbrella coral, armor shrimp ... The deep sea of ​​several kilometers is not the desert of life, and there are a lot of biological types. "

Blind shrimp shot by "Dragon".

In June 2013, the "Dragon" opened the first experimental application voyage, which officially moved from the seas of the trial stage for a five -year trial application stage. Among the 58th submarine of the "Dragon" on July 3 of the same year, the submariner Tang Jialing, Zhang Dongsheng, associate researcher of the Institute of Academy of Academy of Sciences, and Li Xinzheng, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, took the "Dragon Dragon" to inspect the South China Sea. "This time, I saw all kinds of strange animals on the bottom of the deep sea." Li Xinzheng said that with the help of the "Dragon" dive, they found that in the deep sea mountains, cold springs, or hot liquid environments, biological community individuals The density and biomass are much higher than the shallow seas, and some deep -sea creatures can survive without even sunlight. These new discoveries have changed many traditional cognitions of scientists.

Because he served as the deputy chief engineer and was responsible for the distribution and recycling of the "Dragon" for a long time, Ding Zhongjun was also impressed by this dive. "When diving to about 1,000 meters, we found large -scale, dense armor shrimp and other creatures. On the bottom of the sea, the tuberculosis of the iron manganese is endless, which is shocking." Ding Zhongjun sighed, and now everyone knows "Garden" is the gathering place of marine life, and it is a hot area for studying deep -sea biodiversity. But at that time, there were few reports on Haishan internationally. What is even more unexpected is that they found and prove that the manned submersibles independently developed in my country found that there is such a rich underwater world in the deep -water area of ​​my country's jurisdiction.

"Dragon Dragon" shooting grass -catching grass, seafood and sea sheep teeth.

"The application of the" Linglong "has opened up a new model of my country's deep -sea resource and environmental exploration." Ding Zhongjun said that before that, the common method of my country's underwater exploration was to use the scientific capture equipment on the scientific test ship, but the grabbing reached reached the grabbing to reach the reach The bottom of the sea will not move, which is equivalent to "blindness" in the sea. During the photo observation, the scientific native ship was placed into the sea through the cable and took a photography image on the bottom of the sea. It can be said that in the past, deep -sea survey methods have certain limitations. "Driving 'Lord Dragon", submariners can directly observe the ocean through the "Dragon" portholes, or drive the "Dragon Dragon" to sample and other work. Level. "Ding Zhongjun said that with the help of the" Dragon ", Chinese scientists went deep into Haishan District, Lengquan District, thermal fluid area, and oceanide spine, which further expanded our awareness of the deep sea. New discoveries on the bottom of the sea have spawned new disciplines such as deep -sea biological gene resources, deep -sea extreme environment, and deep -sea mineral resources. In recent years, Chinese scholars have sprayed in many fields such as marine life, which showed and improved my country's international influence. China has entered the golden age of deep -sea inspection and research. During the experimental application of the "Dragon", the first and the fifth country of the world's fifth country in China were constructed in Qingdao. On March 17, 2015, the "Xiangyang Red 09" ship was equipped with the "Dragon" to stop the National Deep Sea Base Wharf, marking the opening of the National Deep Sea Base, and the "Dragon" officially settled Qingdao. Since then, the operation and maintenance and management of the "Dragon" has been carried out by the national deep sea base, and there is a more systematic guarantee stage.

The "Dragon" completes the upgrade and transformation

In 2017, the "Dragon" completed the experimental application and had the conditions for business applications. Before entering the business operation, led by the deep sea center, the national key research and development plan, the key technology and equipment of deep -sea technology and equipment, "Dragon Manned Substitute Science Application and Performance Optimization" project And the perspective of security and reduction of operating costs, the technical performance optimization of the "Dragon" is optimized.

In 2017, the Shenzhen -Sea Center summarized the experience of the "Dragon" over time, and implemented the maintenance and upgrade of the "Dragon". According to Ding Zhongjun, as a whole, it is mainly to implement the four major aspects of upgrading. The first is the overall structure system of the "Dragon" to achieve upgrading. For example, the previous robotics are far from the operating area and are not convenient to operate. After optimization, the operation covers a wider coverage, and the efficiency and safety underwater operations have been greatly improved. The second is the optimization of the carrier system. In order to save energy, the "Dragon" is dived and floated by the pressure load. This optimization has replaced the voltage carrier with pressure sand, which greatly improves loading efficiency and safety. The third is to upgrade the navigation control system of the "Dragon". The biggest change is that the terrain and landforms of the sea floor are superimposed into the navigation control system, and the submarine can directly find the target against the map. Finally, the acoustic equipment on the "Dragon" was upgraded. Nowadays, the resolution of the underwater detection has been greatly improved, which can be more refined to carry out underwater surveys.

At the same time as the transformation and upgrading, the mother ship "Xiangyang Hong 09" also faces problems such as aging of ship machinery and equipment. In 2015, the new parent ship project of the "Dragon" passed through the Development and Reform Commission and officially opened in 2017, named "Deep Sea No. 1". "Deep Sea No. 1" is a 4700 -ton comprehensive examination ship specially designed for the characteristics of the "Dragon". It can provide underwater and water surface support and maintenance for the "Dragon Dragon" deep dive operation.

"Whether a manned submersible has a business application conditions, there are three key points: first, there must be a professional scientific test mother ship; second, the manned submersible itself has excellent performance; third, there must be a strong and powerful one. The submarine aircraft team. "Ding Zhongjun said that as the" Deep Sea One "completed the sea test and acceptance at the end of 2020, with the" Dragon "scientific application and performance optimization project in the first half of 2021, the sea test acceptance, and after a long time beating Refining, the Shenzhen -Sea Center has established an excellent submarine aircraft team, so it can be said that the "Dragon" entered the business application stage from 2021.

Looking back, from the research and development of the project to investing in business, the "Dragon" has gone for nearly 20 years. After continuous exploration, trial and error, and optimization, the "Dragon" ushered in a new life. As of now, the "Dragon" has completed 227 dives. In the latest underwater heat solution area, the upgraded "Dragon" operating performance in high temperature and complex environment has also been further verified.

"With the support of professional manned deep submerged mother ships, the operation efficiency of the new'lon dragon 'will be greatly improved. Standing at the new starting point will provide more powerful support for my country's deep -sea resource and environmental investigation." "No. Exploration of the deep sea and ocean are full of confidence. (Qingdao Daily/Guanhai Journalist Li Xunxiang)

"Dragon" development process

year 2002

"Dragon" officially established

Year 2009

The "Dragon" is completed, and the first dive was completed in August of that year

2012 June 27

The "Dragon" successfully dived for 7062 meters in the Mariana Trench, setting the deepest dive records of the same type of manned submersible in the world

June 2013

The "Dragon" opens the first test of the first test application voyage

March 17, 2015

The National Deep Sea Base is opened, and the "Dragon" officially settled in Qingdao 2017

• The implementation of the "Dragon" implementation maintenance and upgrade

• The "Deep Sea No. 1" of the "Dragon Dragon" is opened

2021

The "Dragon" enters the business application stage

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