He Ke et al. ｜ The development of the Department of Physics of the Tsinghua University in 40 years The development of the discipline of cingling and physics

Author: He Ke Xiong Jiajiong

(Institute

This article is selected from "Physics" No. 8, 2022

The discipline of condensation and physical physics after the Department of Physics at the Department of Physics of the University of Tsinghua University can be traced back to the solid physics research class opened in 1973. At that time, under the suggestions of some well -known scientists and the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai, Tsinghua University decided to launch 4 research classes related to basic science, namely solid physics, laser, material structure and catalytic. The solid physics research class was formally established in early 1973. Teachers are Xiong Jiajiong, Zhang Hongtao, Zhao Nanming, Zhang Jisheng, Cai Wei, and new teacher Wang Xikun transferred from various departments in the school. Thirteen students were recruited. They were Zhang Xiufang, Sui Senfang, Chen Haoming, Gu Binglin, Fan Shoushan, He Yuanjin, Wu Bingfen, Qu Zhenyuan, Ma Tieliang, Chen Peiyi, Sun Yongming, Wu Hongyan, Yu Weizhong. However, the more formal study arrangements were forced to interrupt for more than half a year. In 1978, the solid physics research class was resumed, and members of the teachers added Gaomafei and Zhu Jialin. The research class recruited Zhu Bangfen, Lin Meimei, Cao Bisong, and Li Zhongming through the graduate students who recovered in that year. In addition to the teachers of the team and the teachers of the relevant teaching and research group of the solid physics research class, they also invited teachers from Zhang Li, Peking University, Gan Zizhao and Daodao, and Pu Fudi of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to teach quantum mechanics, solid physics and Group theory and other courses. The Nobel Prize in Physics and Famous Condensing Physicist P. W. Anderson visited Tsinghua in 1980 and taught his unprecedented monograph "Symatic Break" to Tsinghua teachers and students and researchers outside the school. Based on solid physics research classes, a preliminary system of solid physics teaching and research group is formed, and the tasks of setting up and developing solid physics disciplines should be held at Tsinghua University. In 1980, the school decided to recruit undergraduates in solid physics, and in 1981, solid physics majors obtained the right to grant a master's degree. After the restoration of the physics department in 1982, the solid physics teaching and research team became part of the new physics department. Solid Physics (that is, later condensate physics) disciplines have always been the subject of support and priority development of the school.

Figure 1 The 30th anniversary of the establishment of solid physics research class in 2003

Since the end of 1970, Gu Binglin, Chen Haoming, Zhao Nanming, Xiong Jiajiong, He Yuanjin, Fan Shoushan, Cao Bisong and other members of the solid physics and research group have successively abroad to study in the international university research group. The school allocated special funds from the World Bank loan to the teaching and research group, and purchased Morabaer (Mössbauer) spectrometer and positive electronics. In this small field of solid physical cross disciplines, some distinctive theories and experiments have been made, which has had a good impact in China.

In the late 1980s, the National High -tech Development Plan ("863 Plan") began. Xiong Jiajiong, Gu Binglin, Chen Haoming and others are aware of the close connection between condensation and material science research, and realize that we must combine the basic research of this subject with the needs of the country as much as possible. Support with funding. At this stage, many teachers from the solid physics teaching and research group returned from abroad, making them choose the scientific research direction and the starting point of the subject. After several years of exploration, several distinctive scientific research directions have been formed, which has laid the foundation for the later development of the Department of Physics.

Material micro -structural design and performance prediction: This is the first to propose by Xiong Jiajiong and others in my country's "863 Plan" and is listed as a research topic in the field of "863 Plan". The topic promotes the combination of condensate physics and material science, and has been recognized by the physics industry and the material community. Over the years, Gu Binglin, Zhu Jialin and others have been the heads of this research topic in China. They have achieved systematic academic achievements in the prediction, regulation and computing design of low -nano -nano -structure quantum characteristics. For example, Zhu Jialin, Xiong Jiajiong, Gu Binglin pioneered and developed the "partition -level digital solution method", in -depth research on the electronic characteristics and transportation characteristics of such low -dimensional quantum structures, and revealing its new phenomena and new effects. Internationally took the lead in studying the impurities in quantum dots, as well as issues such as the shape and size of the two electronic energy spectrum on the shape and size of the quantum dot. Because of this series of work, Zhu Jialin, Gu Binglin, Duan Wenhui, Ni Jun, Xiong Jiajiong, etc. completed the "quantum characteristics and computing design research" of the "low -dimensional structure" and won the second prize of the National Natural Sciences of 2000.

Research on the preparation and performance of nanomaterials and structure: Fan Shoushan and others have made important progress in the research of the positioning and directional growth mechanism and technology of one -dimensional nano -function materials; In the study of spectrum and field launch, in terms of scanning probe technology to prepare nano -scale graphics and study the nature of nanomaterials, it has also obtained innovative results and innovative technologies. This laid the foundation for the breakthrough in the research of carbon nanotubes.

High -temperature superconducting electronic science: After the high -temperature superconducting phenomenon was discovered in 1987, He Yuanjin, Cao Bisong and others immediately handled the experiments and made good progress. Later, Cao Bisong and others always insisted on this research position, focusing on the development of high -temperature superconducting antennas and high -temperature superconductors. These high -temperature superconductors are very valuable in aviation communication, mobile communications and military communication applications, and quickly received the attention and support of the state and application departments. At this stage, due to the appropriate scientific research topic, the funds are relatively stable, and the scientific research work has made rapid progress. These scientific research progress also has a positive impact on teaching and graduate training. The quality of teaching has gradually improved, and some high -level graduate students have been cultivated. In 1990, the discipline of solid physics obtained a doctoral degree. In 1999, the Faculture Physics and Research Group was combined with the combination of solid physics teaching and research, and the Institute of Condensing Physics was established. In 2001, the discipline of condensation and physics was approved as key disciplines of national colleges and universities.

With the support of the "985 Project", the discipline of condensed state physics has received greater support, and teachers have greatly enhanced. In 2000, the two academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wang Chongyu and Chen Jin joined the Department of Physics; Zhu Bangfen returned to his alma mater. Gu Binglin (1999), Fan Shoushan (2003), and Zhu Bangfen (2003) were successively elected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Several scholars who have important international influences in the field of condensing state physics often return to China and the Department of Physics to communicate and cooperate. After 2004, the direction of condensed state physics strengthened the introduction of teachers in experimental research. In 2005, Xue Qikun's team with significant results in surface physics experiments joined the Department of Physics, and later established the Quantum Science and Technology Research Center based on this, becoming an important force in the physics department experimental gaze physics. Chen Xi, Wang Yayu, Zhou Shuyun, and Yu Pu, who obtained doctoral degrees in the top universities in the United States have joined the physics department. This has significantly improved the lineup and strength of the condensation and physics disciplines, and has made important scientific research progress in many aspects.

In terms of the research on the theoretical theory of condensation, Gu Binglin, Duan Wenhui, Wu Jian and other physical behaviors in the low -dimensional quantity sub -system and nano structure and functional materials have been conducted in -depth research. In terms of structural computing and physical research of iron electrical materials, a series of research results have been achieved. Duan Wenhui et al. Calculated through the first principle to study the physical properties and potential device applications of low -dimensional materials from the atom and electronics level, discover the novel transportation characteristics and propose the device construction scheme. Wu Jian and others clarified the mechanism of metal -semiconductor transformation of compressed carbon nanotubes: the mirroring of the mirror caused by the pressure of the pressure and the interaction of the bonding of the atoms on both sides of the tube wall, and found that this metal -semiconductor transformation mechanism is generally universal sex. Duan Wenhui, Gu Binglin, Wu Jian and others' "Research on Novelty Quantum Phenomenon and the Mechanism of Low -dimensional Materials and the Mechanism of their regulation" project won the 2014 National Natural Science Science Award. In addition, Zhang Guangming's theoretical research on the strong connection of multi -electronics system, low -dimensional magnetic system, and medium -seeking system, especially in the study of quantum phase change, near vine effect, and related quantum impurities, Ni Jun's extension of multi -layer thin film alloys extension The research on the evolutionary process of the orderly dynamics of growth and the non -balanced state of the ternary alloy, Guo Yong's research on spin electronic electronics and nanomagnetics has achieved many important results.

Fan Shoushan's research team made a breakthrough in the orientation growth research of nitride nano nano and carbon nanotubes. In 1997 and 1998, two papers published in the SCIENCE magazine had a huge international impact. In particular, the former was included in the "Top Ten Science and Technology Progress of Science 1997" and "Top Ten Scientific News in China in 1998", and the annual citation rate of others exceeded 100 times in a few years. Subsequently, they developed a set of controllable growth technologies compatible with existing semiconductor technology compatible with the existing semiconductor process, and used this carbon nanotimal array to prepare continuous, macro -scale carbon nano -pipelines (Figure 2 (A))). This technology can achieve large -scale production and has good industrialization prospects (Figure 2 (b), (C)). This achievement was published in the 2002 Nature magazine and was selected as the "Top Ten Science and Technology Progress in China Higher College" in 2002. Due to the outstanding performance of the research of the nano field of the Department of Physics, the Foxconn Enterprise Group was donated by the Foxconn Enterprise Group. The Tsinghua -Foxconn Mimona Technology Research Center Building, which was jointly established with Tsinghua University, started the construction in June 2002 and was officially opened in December 2003. The nano center is guided by the information industry to carry out basic research and application research on nanotechnology. It integrates the functions of nanomaterials and devices for preparation, testing, research and development, and academic exchanges. An open and open research environment. The core content of the growth mechanism, materiality and application of the nano center revolves around the growth mechanism, physical nature and application of carbon nanotubes. Technology has gone out of an independent innovation from discovering new phenomena to industrialization.

Figure 2 (A) Use the ultra -smooth carbon nanopotranskin array to prepare continuous, macro -scale carbon nano -pipelines; (b), (C) the application of carbon nanotubes in display and polarized light sources

In terms of application superconducting research, Cao Bisong's research team successively developed superconducting filter and superconducting filter systems suitable for GSM and CDMA mobile communication systems. In March 2004, the first CDMA mobile communication high -temperature superconductant filter system developed by the Department of Physics with a complete intellectual property right was successful. The first actual application in the field. Following the United States, my country has become the second country in the world to successfully apply superconducting filters to mobile communication. In December 2005, multiple high -temperature ultra -guide filter systems were tested in the interview with multiple mobile communication base stations in multiple mobile communication base stations, and successfully operated without failure for a long time. Han Zheng and the Group developed BI-series high-temperature super wire materials and its industrialization technology reached the world's advanced level. The high-temperature super-guide cable of the application of BI-2223/AG high-temperature super wires developed in its participation was first in Kunming in July 2004. The success of the Internet, this is my country's first group and the world's third group of high -temperature superconducting cables to operate, and was named "Top Ten Domestic Science and Technology News in 2004". The two research results of high -temperature superconducting strong electricity and weak electricity applications were selected as the significant results of the two "Fifteenth Five -Year Plan" periods of the "Fifteenth Five -Year Plan" period in the superconducting field. Cao Bisong, Zhang Xiaoping, Wei Bin, and others completed the project "Microwave Tolerance High temperature superconducting front end" won the second prize of the 2009 National Technology Invention; Cao Bisong, Wei Bin, Guo Xubo and others completed the "high -temperature superconducting filter technology and application" Won the second prize of the 2017 National Technology Invention. Xue Qikun's research team (including Jia Jinfeng, Chen Xi, and Ma Xu Village, He Ke, Wang Lili, etc.) who later joined the molecular bouquet extension and the original low temperature, strong magnetic field scanning tunnel microscope and corner optical electronics spectrum technology, at low dimension quantum quantum quantum A series of research progress has been made in the preparation of materials and quantum state, especially they have promoted the growth and research of superconducting materials to the level of the single atom layer. In 2009, the team realized several superconductors with a thickness of only single atomic layers. Then they first expanded the molecular beam extension technology to the preparation of iron -based superconducting materials. On the basis of this, a new low -dimensional high -temperature superconducting system was found -a single layer FESE film on the titanate base base to make the interface make the interface High -temperature superconducting research has become a new research hotspot in the field of superconducting, leading the international academic direction, and a new path is proposed for the solution of high -temperature superconducting problems and the discovery of new high -temperature superconducting materials. Xue Qikun was invited to make the conference report in the most important academic conference in the field of superconducting the most important academic conference in the field of superconducting.

Since 2009, collaborators of Xue Qikun's research team, the Institute of Physics of the Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the University of Stanford University have made a series of breakthroughs in experimental research on topology insulation and quantum abnormal Hall effects. Internationally, they first established the molecular bouquet extension growth dynamic mechanism of the topological insulation film, prepared a high -quality topological insulator sample, and used the scanning tunnel microscope and corner light electronics to reveal the lack of back scattering of the topology of the topology insulator. And Langdao quantum unique nature. Since then, the joint research team led by Xue Qikun has focused on focusing on the most important and challenging topics in the field of topological insulation -the experimental implementation of the quantum abnormal Hall effect. The quantum abnormal Hall effect is a quantum Hall effect that does not require external magnetic fields. It was theoretically predicted as early as 1988, but it has not been observed in the experiment for more than 20 years. The realization of quantum abnormal Hall effects in experiments has always been the goal pursued by condensing state physicists. After several years of hard work, the joint research team finally found the quantum abnormal Hall effect (Figure 3 (a)) in the world's first experiment in the magnetic doped topology insulator at the end of 2012. The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded three theoretical physicists who made outstanding contributions in the topology of topology. Among them, Professor Holdan mentioned his award -winning theoretical contribution in his award speech. The university Xue Qikun's team experimented with the quantum abnormal Hall effect in the time of magnetic mixing the time of magnetic doping unchanged topology insulatory film, showing the importance of this experimental result. The results of this research won the first prize of National Natural Science in 2018 (Figure 3 (b)). Because of the research results of the quantum abnormal Hall effect and interface high -temperature superconducting, Xue Qikun won the first "Future Science Award Material Science Award", "Flez London Award" (the first Chinese scientist who won the award), " Fudan -China Plant Science Award "," Seeking Outstanding Scientist Award "," He Liang He Li's Science and Technology Achievement Award "and other important rewards at home and abroad. In 2019, Xue Qikun, He Ke, Duan Wenhui, Xu Yong, Wang Yayu, Zhang Jinsong and other collaboration discovered an internal magnetic topology insulator MNBI2TE4, which opened a research direction of international hotspots, and pointed out a high temperature quantum abnormal Hall effect exploration of the effect of the effect of Holle effects of high temperature quantum. the way.

Figure 3 Experimental observation data of the quantum abnormal Hall effect (a) and the results of the award ceremony of the first prize of the National Natural Science Science (B)

In addition, the Wang Yayu research team made a series of important progress in the research of the high -temperature superconducting of copper oxide, especially in the study of Mot, and continued to promote a deep understanding of the high temperature superconducting mechanism. The Zhou Shuyun Research Group has achieved a number of influential results in the research of the time and the time of the two -dimensional materials and heterogeneous structures and the spatial distortion angle. The team of Ji Shuaihua and Chen Xi found the SNTE film with room temperature iron electrical on the thickness of several atomic layers. For the first time, the Yupu Research Group realized the controlled structure of the electrical field in a single material, and revealed the application of device applications based on the adjustment of light, electrical and magnetic characteristics in the process of tri -state change. In addition, the research work of Jiang Wanjun's research team in low -dimensional magnetism, Yang Lexian's research team's work in the electronic structure of topology materials, Song Canli, Li Wei, Zhang Ding, etc. have also achieved certain international impact on unconventional superconductors. In recent years, the Department of Physics has continued to introduce new talents to expand more research directions such as light and material interaction, solid quantum computing, etc., and initially forms a more comprehensive and distinctive discipline layout.

The consolidated physics discipline of the Department of Physics also built a key laboratory of low -dimensional quantum physics with atomic molecular Physics disciplines. The predecessor of the laboratory can be traced back to 1983, with single atom/molecular detection as the main research direction. In 2001, the laboratory developed into a key laboratory of the Ministry of Education, and the research direction expanded into atomic molecular physics and nano -science. In 2007, the laboratory was further expanded and renamed the "Low -dimensional Quantum Physics Lab". The research direction involved three second -level disciplines: condensed state physics, atomic molecular physics and optics. In October 2011, the Ministry of Science and Technology was officially approved as a national key laboratory, entering the construction period, successfully passed the acceptance of the Ministry of Science and Technology in September 2013, and participated in the Ministry of Science and Technology Evaluation and was rated as the "Excellent Laboratory" in June 2015. The Department of Physics The Institute of Physics is also an important part of the "Quantum Material Science Collaborative Innovation Center" and the Ministry of Education's "Frontier Science Center of Quantum Information".

Since the Department of Physics of the Tsinghua University in 1982, the disciplines of condensation of state of state have been from small to large, accompanied by the advancement of the national education and science and technology undertakings, and achieved rapid and better development. At present, this discipline has a group of academic leaders and backbone teachers who enjoy popularity at home and abroad. They have made a number of research results with international influence and cultivated a group of excellent high -level talents. Looking forward to the future, the discipline of condensation and physics will continue to contribute in the process of building a world -class scientific research and talent training center in the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University.

Gratitude

Part of the content of this article is adapted from the part of the "Tsinghua Physics 80 Years" in Chapter 6 of the "Tsinghua Physics", which is mainly written by Mr. Xiong Jiajiong. Thanks to Wang Yayu, Duan Wenhui, Wei Bin, Jiang Keli and other teachers for their contributions to this article!

(The article is reproduced from the journal network of the Chinese Institute of Physics.

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