There are only 200 mature individuals: the unique Guizhou golden monkeys in Guizhou are extremely endangered

Suddenly I found that IUCN rose to the bearing monkey to extremely endangered, and the estimated number of adults left.

(╯ ° □ °) ╯ 19 years of articles also said that there are 2,000!

It was the Dian Golden Monkey.

But there were 15,000 in 17 years, and this was too fast!

No, that's Sichuan Golden Monkey ...

Although the outrageous dialogue above may just be because the calendar mother did not wake up (the calendar mother: the big Saturday morning is really sleepy!), But the face of Guizhou golden monkeys is indeed much more blurred than the Sichuan golden monkey and Yunnan gold monkey.

Guizhou Golden Monkey, taken in Guizhou Shan Nature Reserve, Guizhou ｜ Niu Kefeng/ PrimateWatching.com

Starting from the beginning of the last century, the figure of the Qianjin Monkey Monkey has been looming in the mountainous land of Guizhou, which is all over the world, and is full of mystery. On July 21 this year, the World Nature Conservation Alliance (IUCN) updated the red list of species, which will "upgrade" the state of the Guizhou golden monkey from endangered, and it is expected that there are only 200 mature individuals. However, even if their situation has repeatedly turned on red lights, human understanding of them is still very limited.

Only the back of the back nasal monkey

At the beginning of the 20th century, the British Henry Brery got a monkey's fur from the hunter in the Fanjingshan area of ​​Guizhou. This fur is dominated by gray, and there are gold and white areas, obviously not from common macaques. Brery realized that this may be a species that has not been described by the scientific community, and this fur was sent to the British Natural History Museum.

In 1903, British zoologist Thomas Odford named the species belonging to this fur, Rhinopithecus Brelichi, is the Guizhou golden monkey we know today. Just relying on a fur, he can only simply describe the appearance of the Guizhou Golden Monkey, and there is only a imaginary map of the back of the journal papers.

In the papers published in 1903, Guizhou Golden Monkey has only one back of imagination | Joseph Smit

Since then, researchers have never had the opportunity to obtain the specimen of Guizhou Golden Monkey, nor can it confirm whether this species still exists. In the mid -1960s, in the field inspection of Fanjing Mountain, researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences found the skull of a Qianjin silk monkey, but they could not see surviving individuals. After all, the mountainous areas of the Qianjin Silk monkey life are very steep, and 80%of each year is shrouded in the clouds and fog. Even if there is already a fixed field survey point and understand the scope of monkey group activities, researchers cannot see monkey groups every day every day. Not to mention decades ago.

Until 1967, the locals who maintained contact with researchers finally sent a message -they caught a unique monkey. This is the first time that the scientific community has seen the living Qianjin silk monkey, and 63 years have passed since this species has been named.

Guizhou Golden Monkey belongs to the genus of the yang nose, the name comes from their nostrils. There are 5 members of the yang nose monkeys. Among them, Sichuan Golden Monkey, Dian Golden Monkey and Guizhou Golden Monkey are unique to China. The other two members are Vietnam Golden Monkey and Nujiang Golden Monkey. Although they are all called golden monkeys, the only Kawaka Monkey is really wearing golden hair. Although the Guizhou Golden Monkey also has golden hair on the shoulders, upper arms, and top of the head, the other part of the body is gray. The bright white hair under the back neck and the long and thick tail are very eye -catching, so they are also called white shoulder -to -nose nose. Monkey or ox tail monkey.

Slide to see the other four members of the yangli monkey, from left to right,:

Sichuan Golden Monkey R. Roxellana ｜ Pelican / Wikimedia Commons

Yunnan Golden Monkey R. Bieti ｜ Walnut Miao

Vietnam Golden Monkey R. Avunculus ｜ QUYET Le/ Wikimedia Commons

Nujiang Golden Monkey R. Strykeri ｜ Clara Dos Santos Turcinski/ Wikimedia Commons

When the first exposure is true, it cannot be raised

The female Guizhou golden monkey captured in 1967 was brought back to Beijing by the national strong and colleagues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and raised in the office building of the Institute of Animal Research. However, the breeding is not smooth. After all, no one has observed the Guizhou golden monkey in the wild, let alone what to eat for them under cage care. At the beginning, people fed her rice, pasta and fruits based on the experience of raising monkeys in the past.

Now we know that the proportion of leaves is very high in the recipe of Guizhou Golden Monkey. In the season when fruits and seeds are rich, they will also change flavors, feeding fruits and seeds, but the leaves still account for at least about 20%.

The stomach of the wart monkey adapts to the rich fiber recipes, divided into 3 or 4 cavity chambers, and one more chamber is called Praesaccus ｜ Doi.org/10.1002/jmor.21052

In fact, the golden monkeys, like white -headed monkeys and black leaf monkeys, will eat high fiber foods such as leaves in the wild. Their stomach adapts to this kind of fiber -rich recipes, which are similar to cattle and sheep. They are divided into 3 or 4 cavities. They rely on microbial fermented food in the stomach to obtain nutrition from difficulty in digestible cellulose. Rice, noodles, and artificial feed blocks such as digestion and lack of fiber can cause microbial fermentation abnormalities, causing various digestive system diseases. This is why the zoo advises tourists to feed animals -human favorite snacks can only bring them pain to them. Golden Monkey and Nasalis Larvatus, red -legged and white -hip lobeus and other species have a four -cavity ventricular stomach. Their digestive tract capacity is greater, and it is more likely to receive these diseases in the environment of artificial breeding. Poor trouble. There are also 4 cavities of the nose monkey's stomach, which is prone to gastrointestinal problems in an artificial breeding environment | David Dennis/Flickr

To this day, raising these species is still difficult. Scientists are still studying their digestive physiology and digestive tract microbes to help breeding institutions to find more suitable recipes. It was even more difficult for researchers 60 years ago to raise the Guizhou golden monkey. They later sought experience from the Beijing Zoo, which raised Sichuan Golden Monkey, and added more leaves to the recipe in time. One year later, the Guizhou Golden Monkey was accepted by the Beijing Zoo and continued to raise it.

Unfortunately, she died in 1969, and the figure of Guizhou Golden Monkey disappeared again.

Dragoning the house with your mouth, gathering and clutch

After that, although there were occasional capture of some individuals, the researchers finally confirmed the whereabouts of the Qianjin Silk Monkey Monkey Group. At that time, in the broad -leaved forest around 1,800 meters above sea level, Xie Jiazheng and colleagues of Guizhou Normal University found wild monkey groups and were able to conduct in -depth research. Now our understanding of Guizhou Golden Monkey comes from research with their cooperation with the New York Animal Society in the United States. These tasks not only confirmed where the Golden Monkey Monkey was, what they liked to eat, but also outlined the outline of their social life.

Qianjin Silk Monkey's one male and female family unit ｜ References [10]

Like other ends of nose monkeys, Guizhou Golden Monkey also lives in a heavy social society. They can form a large group of more than 100 members, and some members in some large groups may even be more than 400. The large group contains multiple family units and at least one full male unit -the former consists of a male monkey, several female monkeys and their descendants, while the latter only contains single male monkeys. The young male monkey will leave his family unit before the age of 3 to 4, join the whole male unit, and even go to other large groups of all groups, continue to grow, and find the opportunity to obtain your own family unit.

The group is not inseparable, and sometimes split into several small groups, and move alone for several weeks or even months. The reason for the division of the group is unclear, and allocation and food resources are possible influencing factor.

Struggling in a narrow habitat for survival

Since the study since the 1970s, although the most basic information has been made for the Qianjin Monkey Monkey, it also brings heart -making news -in several wild surveys, the estimated number of Guizhou monkeys has not been less than 1,000.

Human killing was an important threat to the Qianjin Silk Monkey population. However, after the establishment of the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve in 1986, the killing behavior gradually curbed. Although the poachers still accidentally hurt the golden silk monkeys for other animals, few people target them.

Guizhou Golden Silk Monkey living in the forest | Department of Natural Resources

The main threats they face are the impact of small and broken habitats and human activities. The range of about 419 square kilometers in Fanjing Mountain Reserve is the only home of the Guizhou golden monkey. In the eyes of the monkeys, the real home may be even smaller.

Guizhou Golden Monkey likes to stay at a broad -leaved forest between 1400 and 2100 meters above sea level. According to the 2014 field survey and calculation, the area that meets this condition in the protected area is only 69.6 square kilometers -worse, 28.5 square kilometers are located in the south of the protected area, where no traces of Guizhou golden monkeys are found. This is because the appropriate habitat is not coherent, and there is no appropriate channel to help monkeys move towards the south forest; on the other hand, highways and ropeways run across the protected area. For the Guizhou golden monkeys who are afraid of noisy, they cannot get close to approaching And the cross gap.

Guizhou Golden Monkey in the Zoo | Giant Eland

Investigation at the beginning of the century shows that the number of Guizhou monkeys is about 800, which is basically the same as the situation in the 1980s. But after just a few years, only one large group was found in the field observation from 2012 to 2014. According to the status of the habitat and the density of the Guizhou golden monkey, there are only 125-336 monkeys now surviving. This year IUCN also adjusted the number of individuals of Guizhou Golden Monkey to this scope and adjusted the rating to extremely endangered.

Save the Guizhou Golden Monkey is not completely hopeless. On the one hand, the artificial breeding plan of the Fanjing Mountain Reserve is still ongoing, and three little monkeys have been successfully breed since 2018; on the other hand, if you can reduce tourist activities in the north of the protected area, at the same time The broad -leaved forest is re -connected into a film, and it is still possible to give the Guizhou golden monkey a safe home. However, these two aspects need years of efforts to eventually benefit from the wild population. Prior to this, the breeding speed and lower gene diversity of one child can be given every 3 years, all of which make the Guizhou golden monkey be in a huge risk. In the visible future, they still have to struggle on the verge of extinction. Guizhou Golden Monkey ｜ Cyril C. GRUETER

We are no stranger to the name "Golden Monkey", but often ignore their situation is not optimistic.

The largest number of Sichuan golden monkeys, although more than 10,000 individuals exist, but the total number of factors such as habitat atrophy has a tendency to decline; Dian Golden Monkey is the only one among the five golden monkeys. Many, global warming may also shrink their potential habitat area; the number of adults of Vietnamese golden monkeys is only 80 to 100; Nujiang Golden Monkey was only named by the scientific community in 2010, and it lacks research than Guizhou Golden Monkey, with a number of only 400. Like the Guizhou Golden Monkey, they are in an extremely endangered state. They all live in areas of mountains and forestry. It is difficult to develop research work. Limited information has limited the public's attention to them.

The situation of golden monkeys is not optimistic ｜ Reference materials [13]

Perhaps before we really understand the Golden Monkey, these monkeys with unique looks will be completely hidden into the fog, leaving only a vague back. But our attention and actions may have time to let Guizhou Golden Monkey find a line of vitality in danger like Hainan gibbon, giving us a chance to see them.

The calendar mother wants to help the botanist at the South China Botanical Garden for a small advertisement.

Recently, many parts of the country are enduring extreme high temperatures. Researchers at the South China Botanical Garden of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are conducting a survey on extreme high temperatures in the country on plant damage. They hope that "plant detectives" in high temperature areas can take pictures of plants that are being suffered by high temperature coercion with their cameras. Study provides valuable clues.

Identify the QR code of the poster below, and you can fill in the submission questionnaire online. For more details of the survey, you can check the official push of South China Botanical Garden.

references

[1] Bleisch, W. V., Xie, J. (1998). Ecology and behavior of the Guizhou snub-nosed langur (Rhinopithecus brelichi), with a discussion of socioecology in the genus. InThe Natural History of the Doucs and Snub-Nosed Monkeys : Vol. Volume 4 (pp. 217–239). World Scientific. Https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812817020_0011

[2] CCTV record. (2020, May 16). Looking for Guizhou Golden Monkey. Https://tv.cctv.com/2012/12/15/vida1355569727595353.shtml

[3] GUO, Y., Ren, B., DAI, D., ZHOU, Z., Garber, P. A., ZHOU, J. (2020). Habitat Estimates Reveal that are feewer than 400 Guizhou Snub-Nosed Monkeys, Rhinopithecus Brelichi, Remaining in the Wild.global ECOLOGY and Conservation, 24, E01181. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e0118181

[4] hale, v. L., TAN, C. L., Niu, K., yang, Y., ZHANG, Q., Knight, R., AMATO, K. R. (2019). Gut Microbiota in Wild and Captive Guizhu Snub-Nosed Monkeys, Rhinopithecus brelichi.American Journal of Primatology,81(10–11), e22989. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22989[5] Kirkpatrick, R. C. (1995). The natural history and conservation of the snub-nosed Monkeys (Genusrhinopithecus) .biology Conservation, 72 (3), 363–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207 (94) 00039-s S

[6] Kirkpatrick, R. C., Grueter, C. C. (2010). Snub-nosed monkeys: Multilevel societies across varied environments.Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews,19(3), 98–113. https://doi. ORG/10.1002/Evan.20259

[7] MATSUDA, I., C. A., Clauss, M. (2019). Colobine Forestach ANATOMY and Diet.Journal of Morphology, 280 (11), 1608–1616. .21052

[8] Thomas, O. (1903). On a New Chinese Monkey.process Society of London, 1, 224–226.

[9] Xiang, Z.-F., LIANG, W.-B., Nie, S.-G., LI, M. (2012). Diet and Feeding Behavior of Rhinopithecus Brelichi at yangaoPing, Guizhu. American Jourring of Primatology, 74 (6), 551–560. Https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22008

[10] Xiang, Z.-F., Nie, S.-G., Lei, X.-P., Chang, Z.-F., Wei, F.-W., M. (2009) . Current status and conservation of the gray snub-nosed monkeyRhinopithecus brelichi(Colobinae) in Guizhou, China.Biological Conservation,142(3), 469–476.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.11.019

[11] zhou, J., Ren, B., Garber, P., Long, Y., LI, B. (2022, March 27). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Rhinopithecus Brelichi. IUCN Red List of Threened Specties . https://www.icnredlist.org/en

[12] National Qiang, Xie Jiazheng. (1981). Guanzi Golden Monkey Guizhou subcontarable Rhinopithecus Roxellanae Brelichi Thomas information. Beast Journal, 1 (2), 113–116.

[13] Progressive research on the study of the Social Ecology of Golden Monkey.

Author: walnut seedlings

Edit: Mai Mai

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