"Biography of Qian Xuesen": What will happen to China today without Qian Xuesen?

He is a well -deserved top flow among Chinese scientists.

Each of us grew up listening to his story almost from a young age.

Recently, with the launch of the Dongfeng-17 hypersonic missile, he became hot again.

On July 30, CCTV first publicly launched the Dongfeng-17 hypersonic missile launch.

As a genius who was once called "one person can top five teachers" by the US Navy, there are too many legends around Qian Xuesen ...

As a scientist, he made outstanding contributions to the era of the American ancestors. At the same time, he was also regarded as the "father of Chinese missiles" and "father of Chinese aerospace".

His vision is long -term, even after more than ten years of death, he can still accurately predict our current "electric vehicles" and "Yuan universe".

He has a sincere heart to the motherland. He once said, "Can foreigners do it, can't the Chinese do?" "I will do my best to help the Chinese people build a country that makes them live happily and dignified." To this day, his "Qian Xuesen ballistic" is our confidence in our international competition.

He is also a well -known "strict teacher". His opening exam directly fainted the students.

But at the same time, he was very humorous and romantic. He was envious of others with a loyal marriage with Jiang Ying for 62 years, and he was keen to make various foods for his wife. At the age of 90, Jiang Ying went out to receive the prize on behalf of him. He instructed: "Give you money, award (Jiang) for me".

But unfortunately, because Qian Xuesen dealt with politics and military secrets throughout his life, whether in China or the United States, all stories about him, even in the lifetime of most of us, may not be decrypted as much as possible.

What Axin is recommended for you today is one of the biography of Xuesen, which is more detailed and the highest evaluation. It comes from Zhang Chunru's writing.

I did n’t hear it right. It was the famous Chinese female writer who wrote the Nanjing Massacre. In Zhang Chunru ’s book creation list, this book" Silk: Qian Xuesen Biography "can be called her debut.

Since 1991, Zhang Chunru has collected a lot of historical secret information to the National Archives Bureau, the US Department of Defense and other relevant units, and visited hundreds of colleagues, teachers, and relatives and friends of hundreds of Qian Xuesen. Genius is like an epic legendary life.

The Chinese version of this book was published by CITIC in 2011. Now, the crew and the author are all in the end. Let Axin introduce you to this sea of ​​beads for you!

Lan Lu Lan, to Qishan Forest

During Qian Xuesen's stay in the United States, his mentor von Kamen believed that Qian Xuesen's value for the US government, so he personally arranged for Qian Xuesen to obtain a confidential permit for participating in the US military project. In 1942, Qian Xuesen joined Malina's rocket research, and their cooperation gave birth to the first military missile in the United States.

Before the United States set off a anti -China movement in 1950, before the Qian Xuesen was involved in the storm, he was already a world -class jet promotion expert. He was the greatest theoretical air dynamicist at the time. The academic community has a profound impact.

Qian Xuesen, who was just a professor, was with colleagues from the California Institute of Technology.

Qian Xuesen's return to China gave China the most important thing -confidence. Qian Xuesen was not the first person to propose the development of missile projects, but Qian Xuesen was the first scientist to be practical and practiced by his opinion.

"Qian Xuesen's role is symbolic," said the missile scholar Lin Jin, "the most important thing is his global viewpoint and organizational ability. He is a person who can make plans and suggestions to the national leaders."

It is important that he pointed out to the leader that the importance of developing missiles is much higher than that of developing aircraft, because the speed of missiles is faster, and they can carry weapons to cross intercontinental.

On February 17, 1956, Qian Xuesen submitted a secret proposal to the Party Central Committee to ask research institutions for the development of aviation and missiles. On October 8th, the state decided to establish the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense -China's first missile design research institute, and Qian Xuesen was appointed Dean.

In January 1959, the Soviets came to China to help Chinese scientists produce missiles, but they seemed to be deliberately concealing some key ways to develop some rocket development to China. In August 1960, the Soviet Union suddenly withdrew all experts in China.

Although the Soviets left, they laid the initial foundation for China's first generation of short -range rocket research and development. In September 1960, China launched an R-2 rocket made by the Soviet Union but using domestic pushing agents.

In October 1960, Qian Xuesen accompanied Marshal Nie Rongzhen to inspect the Gansu Twin City Sauce Missile launch base. The R-2 rocket launched here.

Soon after, the committees led by Qian Xuesen, Zhang Aiping and electronic expert Wang Yan began to organize the first test flight of domestic R-2 rockets. The missile was transported to the Twin Castle Base hidden in Gobi, Gansu. People often call this base as Jiuquan launch base.

At 9 am on November 5, 1960, China's self-made R-2 rocket-controlled R-2 rocket was successfully launched at Jiuquan Base. This is the first missile manufactured by the Chinese that flew over China, marking a turning point in history.

Thousands of mills and tension are still strong

However, the next few years is full of frustration for Qian Xuesen.

As the leader of the Fifth Research Institute, Qian Xuesen presided over the research and development of China's first generation of air -ball missiles- "Dongfeng" missiles. On March 21, 1962, the "Dongfeng 2" missile first tested at the Jiuquan base. The missile lost its stability and fell into an explosion after the launch was launched for 69 seconds.

Instead, Qian Xuesen made up his mind to work harder.

From the 1960s to the 1970s, Qian Xuesen made four major contributions to China's missile projects. He inspired and guided the work of a large number of men to introduce them to those key theoretical formulas so that they should be applied to practice.

Qian Xuesen's management system has minimized the impact of bureaucracy and shaped the organizational and technical guidance model of China's first generation of missiles.

Qian Xuesen often said, "Americans can do it, and we Chinese can do it! Chinese people are no worse than Americans at all!"

Qian Xuesen's own book "Engineering System Theory" is a very valuable reference book in the redesign of the "Dongfeng 2" missile. To this day, China's aerospace engineers still believe that Qian Xuesen's work provides a solid theoretical foundation for the development of a series of missiles from "Dongfeng 2" to "Dongfeng 5".

In 1964, at several important meetings about the development of Chinese missiles, scientists such as Qian Xuesen helped re -modify the plan of the "Dongfeng" missile project.

The domestic R-2 missile was renamed "Dongfeng No. 1", the "Dongfeng 2" missile took Japan as the assumption of the target, and the "Dongfeng 3" missile took the Philippines as the assumption of the target. The potential goal of "Dongfeng 5" is the United States.

Within a few years, Qian Xuesen began to see the results.

In November 1965, the "Dongfeng 2" A -type missile was successfully launched. It is an upgraded version of the "Dongfeng 2" missile, which is about 20%from the flight distance of "Dongfeng 2". Autonomous navigation missile.

The "Dongfeng 2" A -type missile was soon used to implement the most dangerous nuclear test in history.

On October 27, 1966, the Chinese boldly conducted tests of atomic and nuclear missiles at the same time. The "Dongfeng No. 2" A -type missile was lifted off at a launch point of 800 kilometers west of Jiuquan launcher and flew to the desert of Xinjiang, where the explosion force was equivalent to 12,000 tons of nuclear bombs.

The moment the nuclear missile launched at the Gansu Shuangchengzi Base, no other countries had previously tested the attempt to test the nuclear warheads and missiles at the same time.

This experiment brought great popularity to Qian Xuesen.

Larph Rap, one of the initial members of the Manhattan plan, was asked in the show that Qian Xuesen played the role of the research and development of the Chinese nuclear bomb carrier system, and he replied:

I think he is the founder. In fact, with Qian Xuesen's background in the Rockets, I think he must be a fingertips in the Chinese ballistic missile plan. The achievements that the Chinese have obtained and the future may not be due to Qian Xuesen's leading role.

Two bombs, one star Yuanxun

Wanting to clearly list Qian Xuesen's contribution in the missile project is an impossible task, because his role is mainly leaders and managers.

However, Chinese scientists have cited many specific examples to see if Qian Xuesen's extraordinary vision and judgment can be seen, and the success of many projects is inseparable from this.

Qian Xuesen has participated in the research and development of anti -ship missiles used by coastal defense.

The "Sea Eagle" missile was later exported to the Middle East, where it was renamed the "Spring Silkworm" missile -the name is more well known to the American public, because in the first Gulf War, Iraq used it to compete with the US military to compete with the US military to compete with the US military. Essence

"Spring Silkworm" missile

Qian Xuesen also played a certain role in tracking and remotely controlled the remote test network of missiles. This network lays the foundation for the launch of the two intercontinental ballistic missiles in the Pacific in 1980.

In 1973, Qian Xuesen served as the head of the R & D team of naval carrier -based missile tracking control system.

In May 1980, two domestic intercontinental ballistic missiles fired at Jiuquan Base and flew over the Pacific Ocean. Hundreds of communications equipment at more than 10 remote test stations on mainland China and the South Pacific Fleet report the speed, flight attitude and height of the missiles per second.

Missile experts Shang Guan Di Dan said that the two successful launch was "one of the most important achievements in Qian Xuesen."

In the 35th year of the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1984, the PLA strategic missile square array walked through Tiananmen Square.

"Qian Xuesen is very visionary," more than 10 years later, Shangguan World Pan commented on his mentor. "If we have not completed the construction of the ship radar test control network in more than 10 years, this launch is impossible. For 10 years, we have not been able to realize it before. He is too great. "

In addition to missile projects, Qian Xuesen's most outstanding contribution to China's aerospace industry lies in the role he plays in the process of the first artificial satellite. From the moment he returned to China, Qian Xuesen was constantly emphasizing the importance of artificial satellites.

In January 1958, the artificial satellite project was officially launched. Qian Xuesen and other scientists completed the draft projects to develop artificial satellites and designated a working group code -named "581".

On August 10, 1965, the state officially approved the artificial satellite plan and included it in the national development plan. In May 1966, the scientific leadership team led by Qian Xuesen decided to name China's first artificial satellite "Dongfanghong No. 1", and used the Long March 1 rocket to launch it in the sky before 1970. China has become the fifth country that is capable of launching artificial satellites to space, and only after the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and Japan.

The research and development of nuclear weapons is not the expertise of Qian Xuesen, but in the history of Chinese atomic bullets, Qian Xuesen did play a certain role.

At the beginning of returning to China, Qian Xuesen developed an atomic bomb project to the government. In 1960, Qian Xuesen recommended his disciple Guo Yonghuai to engage in secret nuclear weapons research and development.

On October 16, 1964, China detonated the first atomic bomb with an explosive force of 20,000 tons in Lop Nur. Since then, it has become the fifth country in the world with nuclear weapons. "".

In addition, before 1970, Qian Xuesen also worked as a consultant to a nuclear submarine project with nuclear physicist Qian Sanqiang.

Based on the narrative judgment from Chinese and American scientists, Qian Xuesen's achievements far exceeded his own expectations.

Qian Xuesen plays an important role in the basic construction of the army, so that China has the ability to launch intercontinental nuclear bombs. Many projects under his advocacy and urging have enabled China to enter the era of space.

As long as you look at the development speed and improvement of the aerospace industry after the 1950s, you will understand how important Qian Xuesen's leading position is. If Qian Xuesen does not return to China in a timely manner, China may postpone the missile project, causing the entire development process to lag.

Qian Xuesen was awarded the "two bombs and one star meritorious medal".

In October 1991, the state awarded the title of the highest honor that a scientist could receive, the title of the National Outstanding Contribution Scientist and Qian Xuesen.

On September 18, 1999, Qian Xuesen was awarded the "two bombs and one star meritorious medal".

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