Ancient China Guan Tian Time Tools Elephant

Author:Yong Yong Academy Time:2022.06.17

Three | Instrument

There are two types of astronomical instruments and elephants made by the ancient Hunan family;

It is a manner for studying demonstration stars and planets including almost all celestial movements including the sun and the moon.

Hun Yi is an equatorial instrument that measures the position of the celestial body;

The production of all ages is different, but it is basically composed of many concentric circles, which has a peeping tube. Measure the position of celestial body is the most important basic work in ancient heavenly studies;

Therefore, the production of Hunyi has done everything in the past.

It is still difficult to determine when Hunyi was invented.

The earliest records of historical books clearly recorded that Hun Yi was produced in the Western Han Dynasty. Later, the Eastern Han Dynasty Jia Yan and Zhang Heng recorded production, but none of them were left in the detailed structure and physical objects;

Until the first time the Sui Shu, the structure of the muddy ritual was recorded in detail. The designer was the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Its instrument consists of the four rings and one tube;

The equatorial ring is parallel to the heavenly equator;

The ground ring is parallel to the ground surface;

Ziwu Ring connects North and South Heaven;

These three rings are fixed rings, and the ring has a scale. It should be noted that the scale on the equator ring is not 360 grid scale, but 365 grid plus 1/4 grid. Take a return to 365.25 days. The sun moves one by one every day, and it happens to be a circle a year.

The four -swim ring, which is equivalent to the red meridian ring, can be swimmed. Turning around the North -North polar axis. On the four -swim ring, there is a tube of the pipe to observe the observatory in the sky in the sky. This tube is called " "Sighting the tube", also called "Heng".

The image is the instrument of the ancient Hunan family to demonstrate the Sunday movement of the Sunday, similar to modern celestial giants.

The basic structure is a ball, marking the stars and horizon on the sphere, the zodiac circle, equator, etc. The sphere can be rotated around the South and A large shafts. Can simulate the actual natural phenomenon.

Zhang Heng once designed a muddy image, called leakage to the heavenly instrument.

This muddy instrument takes the leakage pot water as the power. The gear system drives the rotation of the muddy instrument to match the actual natural phenomenon. However, how to use the leakage water flow to promote the rotation of the muddy ritual. The description is unknown. It is difficult to know the actual situation at that time in modern times.

Wu Luji and Wang Fan of the Three Kingdoms have produced mechanical rotation;

Tang Seng and his party and Liang Lingzhang have Kaiyuan water transportation;

Zhang Sixun in the Northern Song Dynasty has "Taiping Hun Yi";

However, it is worth talking about the Yuanyou Huntel Elephant Elephant of Su Song and Han Gonglian in the Song Dynasty (now known as the Water Transport instrument);

Yixiangbang includes three parts: muddy instrument, muddy image and time -reporting system;

Place the top of the three -story wooden building, the middle and bottom, like a small observatory;

The three parts share a set of transmission devices and leaks, which can keep synchronization with celestial sports.

What is even more amazing is that his time to report, not only knocking on the bell, drumming at the moment, but also a little wooden man at night, the structure is very complicated.

Modern studies have found that its time -reporting system has a escapement structure similar to modern mechanical clocks.

Su Song once wrote the structure, the shape, size of the components, and size of the entire instrument platform into a manual "New Elephant Method", which is that our modern people can explore the mystery of their details;

But for decades, scientists have conducted research and replication, and have not fully mastered the functions of their operation.

Su Song and Han Gonglian have also created a muddy instrument that can be watched inside. Its structure is the one -to -middle ball shell, which is greater than the height of the person. The sphere perforation represents the star. Turning, people through small holes through the light, like seeing the star in the night sky, the scene is realistic, and it is like the Tianxiang instrument of the Modern Astronomy Museum.