Can rice be high -yielding at high temperature?Chinese scientist: can

On the 17th, Lin Hongxuan Research Team of Molecular Science Innovation Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Lin Youshun Research Team of Shanghai Jiaotong University published in the top international academic journal "Science" entitled "A Genetic Module At Locus in Rice Protects TO ENHANCE THERMOTOLARANCE". Research Papers. This result not only revealed the first genetic site (TT3) that controls the complex and quantitative traits of rice (TT3) that controls the complexity of rice resistance. New mechanisms and chloroplast protein degradation mechanisms; at the same time, the first potential crop high temperature felt was found.

Temperature is a complex physical signal. When the plant faces the ambient temperature changes, it is necessary to timely and effectively "decoding" this physical signal into a biological signal to achieve a rapid answer to temperature stress. The currently identified plant temperature sensors are mostly the morphological changes or development conversion of plants in the warm environment. The temperature sensor about the plant resistance of extreme high temperature has not been reported. With the intensification of global warming trends, extreme high temperatures have become one of the most important coercive factors that restrict the safety of food production in the world. Therefore, high temperature resistance gene resources, explore the high temperature response mechanism of plants, and cultivate anti -high temperature crops have become urgent to solve the current urgent solution. Major scientific issues. However, it has always been a challenging topic through positive genetic methods to position clone high -temperature resistance -related complex quantitative tradition sites (QTL). After 7 years (plus the construction of genetic materials and nearly 10 years), the research team has successfully separated the cloned new genetic site TT3 of rice high temperature resistance, and clarifies its new mechanism to regulate high temperature resistance. This is another major progress that the research team has achieved after TT1 (Nature Genetics, 2015) and TT2 (Nature Plants, 2022).

The research team conducted a large -scale exchange of individual screening and heat -resistant phenotype identification of 22762 rice genetic materials, and positioned clones to a new QTL site TT3 that controlled the high temperature resistance of rice. The TT3 of the TT3 source of African cultivation rice (CG14) has stronger high temperature resistance compared to the Asian cultivation rice (WYJ) source. Further studies have found that there are two antagonistic QTL genes TT3.1 and TT3.2 with two antagonist regulating rice high -temperature resistance of rice. Among them, TT3.1 positively regulates resistance and TT3.2 is negative regulatory factor. TT3.1 is located on TT3.2's genetic upstream functional function provides a new perspective for revealing the genetic and molecular regulation mechanism of complex quantitative traits. Under the high temperature treatment conditions of the scyling period and grouting period, the genetic system Nil-TT3CG14 increases production by about double production than Nil-TT3WYJ, and the increase in communities under high temperature coercion in the field also reached about 20%; excessive expression TT3.1 or knockout TT3.2 can also bring more than 2.5 times the production effect. Under normal field conditions, they have no negative impact on output traits. Therefore, the TT3 gene site and TT3.1 and TT3.2 genes have important application value in anti -high temperature molecular breeding (Figure 1).

Figure 1. TT3CG14 sites and TT3.1 excessive expression from African cultivation rice, TT3.2 knockout construction significantly increased rice output under high temperature stress.

Further research on the mechanism found that the E3 pantrane enzyme protein TT3.1, which is positioned in the cell -oriented of the cells, can respond to the high temperature signal, transfer from the surface of the cell to the polystonoma (MVB). The recruitment of TT3.1 and generalization into the polycystic foam body is further degraded by liquid bubbles, reducing the chloroplast damage caused by the accumulation of TT3.2 under thermal stress, thereby improving the high temperature resistance of rice. In the CG14 background, the TT3.1CG14 has a strong E3 pan-conjunctive enzyme activity, so as to recruit more and pantotropic chloroplast anterior body protein TT3.2, and degrade through the polycystic foam-liquid bubble pathway, so that the mature state TT3.2 protein has a decreased content in Nil-TT3CG14 chloroplasts, which is protected by chloroplasts under high temperature coercion, thereby improving the high temperature resistance and yield of rice; in the WYJ background, because TT3.1wyj has weaker pantotinase enzymes Activation, only a small amount of chloroplast anterior protein TT3.2 is degraded, and more TT3.2 mature protein accumulates in Nil-TT3WYJ chloroplast, causing chloroplast to damage, and eventually leads to high temperature sensitivity and reduction of rice (Figure 2).

Figure 2. TT3.1-TT3.2 The molecular mechanism of regulating heat resistance and yield balance.

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