"Gembuilding" (above) in the ocean -how does the ocean change granary?

The earth we live in is a "blue planet", and 70.8%of the surface of the earth is covered by the ocean sea. The ocean is the "blue granary" for humans to obtain high -end food and high -quality protein.

With the development of the economy and society, the more human demand for marine foods, many of the marine resources are facing depletion. Therefore, people are thinking, can we also "grazing" in the sea like grazing in the grassland?

So today, I will talk to everyone about marine pastures: Why do we build marine pastures? How is marine pasture built and developed? What is the function of marine pastures?

What is marine pasture?

When it comes to marine pastures, everyone may first think of the grassland pasture: "The sky is Cang Cang, the wild is vast, and the wind blows the grass and the grass is low."

Then, as the name suggests, our marine pasture is composed of our apretable various marine creatures and marine environments in the ocean. There are seagrass and seaweed in the sea. Fish and shrimp are freely foraging. Some families can let them avoid danger. We will also provide them with a very good guarantee space to allow them to find food and survival in a suitable environment.

In fact, the sea itself is a pasture, such as the four major fishing grounds in our country. The sea water is once clear and transparent here, and the fish, shrimp, crab and shells in the sea are accompanied by the green algae, swaying water plants, corals, and anemia. landscape.

Jade's marine picture source: Liu Yadan provided

Why build a marine pasture?

The primitive pasture of the sea floor, which is what we call the fishing ground, due to the excessive fishing of fishing and the extensive breeding of the environment, as well as the coastal urban construction and industrial development. When the amount of marine economy has severely declined, some fish resources have been endangered.

In the past, big yellow croakers, small yellow croakers, fish, Jiaji fish, and Chinese shrimp, etc. It is difficult to catch it now. Some large seaweed farms in the northern waters have emerged, and their area continues to decrease or even disappear. The seaweed field is a breeding farm, nursery farm, and the degradation of the seaweed field, which directly affects the number and quality of fish and shellfish resources.

Other sea areas are rich in nutritional. Sometimes the over -reproduction of floating plants to form a red tide, and sometimes some large algae grows too much growth to form a green tide. These plants are rotten to consume oxygen in the sea, causing fish and shells to die in large numbers due to hypoxia.

There are also some waters covered with soil garbage, and desertification has occurred. The types and quantities of creatures have decreased sharply, just like land desert.

Great Barrier Reef's corals, decreased rock reef fish. Picture source: Liu Yadan shooting

Human beings increasingly increased the amount of capture, making the creatures in the sea continue to be reduced, and many people began to realize the danger of this approach -this will endanger the breeding of fish in the current and in the future.

The latest statistics released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) pointed out that the total number of world maritime fishing in 2016 was 79.3 million tons, a decrease of 2 million tons from 81.2 million tons in 2015, and a decrease of more than 1,000 compared with 91 million tons in 1986 in 1986. Ton.

In 2020, the global fishing output (excluding algae) was 90.3 million tons, of which 78.8 million tons came from marine waters and 11.5 million tons from inland waters, a decrease of 4.0%compared with the first three years. These data are all showing that marine fishery resources are not endless and inexhaustible.

2018 World Fishery and Aquaculture Status Picture Source: FAO

2022 World Fishery and Aquaculture Status Picture Source: FAO

The development of traditional marine fishing and seawater breeding encountered the bottleneck of ecology and resources. Therefore, scientists around the world have been looking for solutions to slow down the current trend of degradation and resource decline.

Small fishery fishing pictures source: FAO 2018 Fishery and aquatic cultivation in the world

But recovery is not an easy task. The Food and Nong Organization report pointed out that 33.1%of over -fishing population in the world in 2015 need to restore them, but these resources are basically impossible to rebuild in a short time because the reconstruction takes time, and the required time is usually 2 of the life cycle of the species. -3 times.

The life cycle of different animals is different. Some aquatic creatures, such as turquoise, can finish its life cycle in 14 days -it grows fast and dies quickly; while other animals, such as Greening orchid sharks, can survive, they can survive About 500 years -slow growth and long life. If you catch a certain kind of fish, you will not see these fish in the sea.

Therefore, everyone realized that marine pastures are an important way to develop marine fisheries and sustainable use of marine resources.

What are the functions of marine pasture construction?

Speaking of the main functions of the marine pasture, there are many more. To sum up, it can be summarized as the following aspects:

The first is ecological function. The resource ecology has been repaired, and the construction of marine life habitats can be built, which can allow marine creatures to encounter places to avoid the enemy; if the habitat is good, the sea ecosystem food network is gradually recovered. Safe breeding in the next generation, shrimp soldiers and crabs will be more, the biodiversity of the sea is displayed, and the function of serving human beings in the marine ecosystem will be enhanced.

Bio -incubator formation, fish shrimp and crabs increase pictures source: Australia Basic Industry

The second is environmental function. Have you heard of "carbon exchange fisheries"? Global warming has a adverse impact on human survival and social development, which has attracted attention from the international community. In order to alleviate global warming and reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas such as carbon dioxide, the development of low -carbon economy has become the consensus of countries around the world. According to the United Nations Report, more than half of (55%) of biological carbon or green carbon capture on the planet is completed by marine creatures. These marine creatures include planknia, bacteria, seaweed, saltwaste and mangroves. The recovery of these biological resources is an important part of the construction of marine ranch.

The third is social functions. Ocean ecology is recovered. It can not only provide us with edible aquatic products, but also create a lot of space for our amateur life. If you are interested in fishing, you can go fishing in the sea. Those who like the sea can experience being fishermen. Tourists can appreciate all kinds of cute creatures and colorful water plants in the water.

The biological diversity in the water is not inferior to the land. It can be said that there are many kinds of birds and beasts on the land, how many fish, shrimp, crab shells are there in the water, and there are many magical. Human beings have not found and recognized creatures so far!

Therefore, the construction of marine pastures is complete, maritime leisure, sightseeing, marine science popularization, exploration, and maritime cultural communication will develop accordingly, and will also promote the construction of new fishing villages, and the income of fishermen can also increase.

There are actually many endless topics about marine pastures, but today we will talk about it today. Next time we will take everyone to different places and continue to explore the secrets of the construction of marine ranch.

Produced: Popular Science China

Author: Liu Yadan (Assistant/Researcher of the former Secretary -General of the Chinese Fisheries Society, a national chief scientific communication expert)

Producer: China Science Popularization Expo

Edit: Wang Tingting

references:

1. FAO "2018 World Fisheries and Aquaculture Status"

2. FAO "World Fishery and Aquaculture in 2022"

3. Tang Qisheng, "Chinese Aquatic Products" in "Fishery Resources Proliferation, Marine Ranch, Proliferation Fisheries and its Development Positioning", May 2019

The China Science Popularization Expo is the Science Popular Science Platform of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It is sponsored by the Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Relying on the high -end scientific resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, it is committed to spreading cutting -edge scientific knowledge and providing fun science and education services.

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