In 20 years, this project has witnessed three waves of carbon circulation research in China

With the in -depth advancement of the "double carbon" operation, the current research related to "carbon exchange" is in full swing.

As the main force of the national strategic technology forces, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has made a long time on the research on the research of carbon circulation and carbon exchange functions of ecosystems, including my country's first ecosystem carbon circulation research basic project -the China Land Ecosystem CSP Observation Research Network (Chinese).

Since its completion in 2002, CHINAFLUX, which was born in the context of the major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences's knowledge innovation project, has witnessed the three waves of carbon cycle research in China, filled with the global land ecosystem in the East Asian monsoon, The regional gap in the network observation network is increasingly increased in the international network.

Twenty years of witness three waves

Talking about the birth of ChinaFlux, Yu Guiru, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, still remembers the scene more than 20 years ago. In 1999, he should be recruited from Chiba University in Japan to become a member of the Institute of Geographical Science and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and joined the construction and scientific research of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (CERN).

CERN was established in 1988 by the old -age scientists of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other Chinese Academy of Sciences. After more than 20 years of development, a farmland, forests, grassland, desert, wetlands, lakes, marine, and urban ecosystems have been formed. Study the core network of the network and my country's wild platform system.

Yu Guirui believes that in the ecosystem observation system, the research of carbon circulation in ecosystems is very important. He hopes to establish a special network of general observation of global changes and carbon circulation science research in the country.

In the world, it plans to set up a global flux network FluxNet in 1995, and proposes to develop regional networks in Europe, North America and Asia, and conduct a network positioning observation of carbohydrates and energy flux of global land ecosystems. Japan joined the network in 1997, and China's related research at that time was blank.

"Can it be based on CERN, establish a special observation technology system, and develop a common observation system for long -term observation of network operations?" Driven by the idea, the first report submitted to the relevant departments of the Chinese Academy of Sciences after returning to China, It is to state the importance of China to respond to climate change issues and ecosystem carbon flux observations, and it is recommended to invest 10 million yuan in funds to build a CERN -based special observation research platform based on CERN.

However, due to the large investment scale, his report was put on hold.

Just when he felt that there was no hope for platform construction, the good news came. At that time, the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched a knowledge innovation project to select and layout of strategic cutting -edge technology projects in the whole institute. His proposal report became an important part of the sciences to carry out cutting -edge research on global changes at that time.

In 2001, the major project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge Innovation Project "001" - "Research on Carbon Revenue Revenue Revenue and Expenses of China Land and Offshore Ecosystems" was officially launched.

The project was jointly served as chief scientist Huang Yao and Yu Guiru, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yu Guiru as the project leader. , Ecological system modeling and national scale integration analysis carried out comprehensive research. An important task of this project is to build ChinaFlux. Yu Guirui recalled: "At that time, the total project funding for the total project was 50 million yuan, of which 1/3 was used to start the construction of China -Laoscourse network."

What are the main tasks of this special platform? "It not only pays attention to carbon dioxide, but also conducts coordinated observations of nitrogen, water, and energy flux to provide core parameters for people to understand the ecosystem process, material circulation, energy balance and its coupling relationship, and recognize that each typical ecosystem of China is aware of China's typical ecosystem system. Material and energy exchange characteristics, understand the laws of spatial variation and dynamic changes, and provide high -frequency observation data for the assessment and simulation analysis of carbon revenue and expenditure in regional ecosystems in China. "Yu Guiru explained to the China Science News.

According to reports, after 20 years of development, the ChinaFLUX Observation Research Station has expanded from 6 in 2002 to the current 79. Research strength.

In Guirui's view, the development of ChinaFlux has gone through the "three waves of carbon cycle and carbon exchange research in China in the past 20 years.

The first wave started with the basic project of "001". Earlier, China has not yet had a carbon cycle process and systemic observation of carbon flux. Driven by the CHINAFLUX and Chinese land and offshore ecosystem carbon income and expenditure research projects, the first wave of research on the research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Carbon Cycling process was set off.

The second wave was marked by the "Carbon Reception and related issues of climate change" (referred to as carbon) (referred to as carbon) (referred to as carbon) (referred to as carbon) in 2011. The "ecosystem, rate, mechanism, and potential" project of the "ecosystem solid carbon current status, rate, mechanism and potential" project is the chief scientist of Academician Fang Jingyun and Yu Guiru of the Institute of Botanical Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yu Guirui as the project leader.

"Now, most of the basic data and core conclusions of everyone uses the carbon reserves survey and carbon informal observation of the" carbon special '. This time the carbon nuclear calculation of the country is very systematic. It covers major ecosystem types such as forests, shrubs, grassland and farmland, and focuses on evaluating the carbon reserves and spatial distribution characteristics of the Chinese land ecosystem of the Chinese land ecosystem, and the spatial distribution characteristics of 0 to 100 cm of soil. The carbon exchange function made an estimate. "Yu Guirui said. Now, driven by the "double carbon" target, China's carbon circulation and carbon exchange research has entered the third wave. In March of this year, the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the implementation of scientific and technological support for the "double carbon" strategic action plan. ChinaFlux has obtained the carbohydrate observation data for nearly 20 years, which will provide more important theoretical and data support for the realization of the national "double carbon" goal. Essence

Five "hard support" to fill the blank at home and abroad

Over the past 20 years, CHINAFLUX, a basic scientific platform for advanced layout, has become a "accelerator" for China's land ecosystem carbon exchange functional space -time change mechanism in particular to understand my country's land ecosystem carbon exchange functional space -time change mechanism.

It supports a large number of major national research projects and national fund projects, and has produced a number of innovative results. For example, based on the "carbon special" investigation results of 16,000 survey places, the carbon solidification rate of China's land ecosystem was 1.096 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year, and carbon exchange volume in China accounted for 7.2%to 15%of the world's global; confirmed that China was confirmed High -intensity carbon exchange functional zone is mainly distributed in the northeast forest area, southern hills and southwest mountains.

Driven by these major research projects, Chinaflux has also developed into a special special observation research network of CERN. In 2012, the "Creation and Observation Research and Test Demonstration of China's Ecological System Research Network" won the first prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award. During the same period, the research results of the "China Land Carbon Revenue Reception Ecological Ecosystem Carbon Plip Observation and Model Simulation System" and "Key Technology and System Application" based on the "China Land Carbon Revenue Revenue Evaluation Ecological System Observation and Model Simulation System" completed by China The second prize of science and technology progress award.

Not only in China, the construction and operation of the network also effectively fill the regional gap in the observation of the Asian monsoon area and become an important regional network in FluxNet. Internationally, North America and European temperate forests are two major carbon exchange areas that have been widely recognized. The Yu Guiru team found a "subtropical subtropical forest carbon exchange function zone" with huge potential that has been ignored for a long time. The total annual productivity of the net ecosystem of this area (NEP) is about 0.72 PG C, which is higher than the two known carbon exchange areas; its high -intensity NEP is due to the increased nitrogen sedimentation, lower Lin Ling structure and suitable climate characteristics What is stacked.

As an important part of the FluxNnet, Chinaflux has launched close exchanges and cooperation with a general -volume observation network in other areas from the date of completion. The "A3 Prospective Program Project" launched in 2007 is the goal of the research on carbohydrate recycling cooperation based on the flip volume network of China, Japan, and South Korea. The mechanism has formed an important international cooperation research platform in Asia.

Talking about the "ability" of ChinAflux, Yu Guirui said that the current basic technology platform mainly plays the role of five "hard support". The first is to conduct network dynamic monitoring of different types of ecosystems in different types of ecosystems in different types of ecosystems; secondly, the system carries out multi -ambient factor control experiments to reveal the response and adaptation of global changes in the ecosystem structure, process and functions; The third is to explore the mechanism of carbon nitrogen water circulation and its coupling process mechanism, biological control mechanism, environmental impact mechanism, and spatial mutation mechanism in the ecosystem, regional and national standards, and develop the scientific theory and observation research technology system of ecosystems; the fourth is to develop ecology System models and data -model fusion systems to evaluate the time and space variation of China's and global carbon nitrogen water and energy flux; the fifth is to provide original scientific data services for ecology and geography outside the platform, as well as the large field of earth system science. Integration, simulation analysis, or scientific prediction of scale resources and environment or global changes.

"Our long -term goal is to serve the needs of two major countries: cope with global climate and environmental changes, maintain regional and sustainable development of the country," Yu Guirui said.

"Do the contribution to the world"

In the past 20 years, the establishment and operation of ChinaFlux has cultivated the scientific students of scientific students in my country's ecosystems, carbon nitrogen circulation, and their coupling process, and realized the research business of carbon nitrogen water flux in my country from scratch, starting from domestic start to the country's start to move towards the country. International cutting -edge leapfrog development.

ChinaFlux has held the theoretical and technical training courses of general observation of volume observation for 16 consecutive years, and has been widely involved in relevant domestic research institutions and personnel, which has strongly supported the sustainable development of my country's general volume observation research. The construction and scientific research of the platform also drives the construction of carbohydrate observation stations in my country's forestry, meteorological and agricultural departments, and some universities. At present, more than 100 sets of through -volume observation systems have been constructed nationwide, forming a large -scale national -scale carbon, nitrogen, water, and energy general observation research system. From the new starting point of the third wave of carbon research in China and the Academy of Sciences, how do you go to the next step? "The current urgent task is to build and improve the scientific foundation, strengthen collaborative observation research, and strengthen talent training." Yu Guirui said.

He said that the scientific basis for guiding the realization of the "double carbon" goal is global climate change and global carbon cycle and its mutual feed. At present, the basic theory and methodology of guiding the "dual carbon" goals still have many uncertainty. It is urgent to answer basic scientific questions that are directly associated with this, such as the climate effect of carbon neutralization and measures Maintain mechanisms, natural and human carbon exchange capacity and potential growth potential, and so on.

"Doing China's affairs well, that is, contribute to the world," Yu Guirui said.

(Originally published in the "China Science News" 2022-08-08 1st edition of the news)

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