Each year, an increase of 1.5 billion tons

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One day a global humanistic and geography

WeChat public account: Earth Knowledge Bureau

Carbon from the universe to the earth

Author: True Guo Junior Cake

School draft: Chaogan / Edit: Moth

Last month, the first photo taken by James Weber Space Telescope -the galaxy group SMACS 0723 to the public. This photo contains thousands of galaxies, which is by far the clearest distant universe infrared image.

Some of these light beams have undergone billions of light years before they come to us

(SMACS 0723, Figure: One Picture Network)

The Stephen Five Staries (Figure: WIKI) shot by Weber Space Telescope

Behind the new space telescope "Weber "'s strong observation ability is the blessing of cutting -edge technology. Among them, a foldable shading plate made of carbon -containing polyanide can block the hot light from the sun; the carbon -content composite material on the backboard of the main mirror also bear part of the weight of the instrument. It can be seen that carbon has contributed a lot for the space journey of the Weber space telescope.

Weber space telescope is like this (bottom map: wiki)

The shading film of the Weber Space Telescope (Figure: wiki)

Carbon comes from the universe

I believe that many people know the carbon for the first time, which is the headache of the headache in that middle school. This watch was first published by Russian chemist Dmitry Menjetlev in 1869, and the veteran -level carbon elements were also among them.

Test the test must be taken, not to the back (Figure: Shutterstock)

The IVA family of the second line of the element cycle table is usually represented by C. Atomic order and atomic amounts are 6 and 12.011 U, respectively. The outermost layer of the carbon atom has four bonded electrons. The covalent bonding of carbon and carbon is very convenient and easy to become chain, which allows carbon to have a lot of homogenous albums that we know.

Carbon homogenic heterosexual body mainly includes three types: non -fondal carbon, transition carbon and crystal carbon. For example, graphite, diamond, and spherical pellane composed of multi -layer hexagonal carbon atoms, tetraonal structures, etc. are all crystal carbon categories.

Simagon alien body refers to the same chemical element

But the structure of the structure is different

In addition to being able to play happily and forming different homogenous aliens, carbon can also be combined with hydrogen and oxygen elements to form organic compounds in various postures. According to statistics, there are nearly 10 million kinds of pure organic compounds that have been recorded. These organic compounds gradually accumulated from complex micro -structures into specific macro compositions, and finally showed all things in the world.

Carbon elements are the most type of substances in the world

It is not an exaggeration to say that it is the "architect" on this blue star

(Horizontal screen, picture: shutterstock)

No matter in the non -living iron, or the ever -changing organic body, carbon can be found. It can be said that carbon is a well -deserved master on this blue planet. So, where did such powerful carbon come from?

The answer is of course the universe. At present, the Big Bang Universe Theory is a kind of origin hypothesis that is widely recognized by people. The Big Bang Universe was first proposed by Belgian cosmologist Lemat in 1927.

The Big Bang of the Universe, everything started from then (Figure: NASA)

The hypothesis believes that the universe is formed by a strange point with infinitely high density and temperature, expanding after a big bang about 13.8 billion years ago. After that, Hubble, an American astronomer, calculated the red movement of the galaxy to the right of Hubble's law of the distance between the galaxy. It derived the expansion of the universe and further verified the Big Bang cosmic theory from reverse.

At the strange point, the physics law currently knows cannot be applied

For example, the center of the black hole, and the initial strange point before the bang

(Over large quality black hole, picture: wiki)

However, although the Big Bang is powerful, there are not many products, and only the chemical elements of hydrogen, 氦, and lithium (maybe crickets) are created. Carbon that was significant to life did not appear at that time.

This is mainly because the synthesis of the carbon nucleus needs to be formed through 3 α particles (氦 atomic nucleus) that almost hit each other at the same time. When the temperature reaches about 100 million Kelvin, these α particles can be quickly fused through the 铍-8 barrier, which then generates a large amount of stable carbon-12, otherwise it can only produce unstable lithium-5 and 铍 -8, resulting in the rapid decline of the atomic nucleus and shrinking. Essence

3 The process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions

Through these reactions, three α particles are converted into carbon nucleus (Figure: wiki)

Unfortunately, after the Big Bang, the universe continued to collide, and the temperature and density continued to decline, far less than 3 氦 processes to form a reaction condition for stable carbon.

Over time, the temperature rose, the dust in the universe gradually formed atoms, nuclei and molecules, and compounded into gas, and gradually condensed into the hometown of the star and galaxy -interstate cloud.

Speaking of which, let's take a look at the "pillar of creation" of Ying Xingyun

Gorgeous, magnificent (Figure: Shutterstock)

According to the Nebula hypothesis, these interstellar cloud fragments collapsed to the cloud nuclear center under various factors, and then the original star was formed. After that, the interstellar cloud center continued to have a nuclear fusion reaction to generate the main preface. Our solar system started like this at first. "Metal -rich" stars spray their products to space, and carbon elements are also among them.

The solar system of the earth is just the extremely small existence in the Milky Way

(Bottom: NASA Shutterstock) At present, many carbon figures can be found in comets, planet atmosphere, sun and other stars. How do these carbon wandering in the universe come to the earth?

Carbon to the earth

Studies have shown that most of the carbon on the planet is likely to be formed and warmed at the original planetary disk of the solar system. The interstellar media composed of diffuse gas clouds and tiny solid particles accumulated. In addition, in the first one million years of the formation of the solar system, the constant impact of the asteroid also provided a source of source for the arrival of water and carbon on the earth.

However, the carbon that came to the earth was hard to come to the earth, and it was not detected by humans at first. Until the lightning burn the wood, the human beings learned that the charcoal was left after the fire, and our story with carbon just started.

Human beings and carbon are unexpectedly changing history permanently

(Figure: shutterstock)

In 1772, French chemist Lavais conducted a combustion test of diamond and charcoal in the glass cover. It was found that there was no difference in the test results of the two, which proved that the translucent diamond and dark graphite were the same substance.

In 1789, Lavari was based on the test results, and in his book "Basic Chemistry Discussion", this chemical element was first named.

Take diamond and graphite as an example

Various homosexials of carbon have the abnormal characteristics of polarization

At the beginning of the 20th century, with the introduction of modern chemistry in the West, this element also had its Chinese name "carbon", which became the foundation of many hot words. The carbon after the name of the name gradually became a frequent visitor in the World Science Hall.

From 1960 American chemist Widuet Libi used radioactive C14 to perform geological ages, to 2019 Gurdinev, Whititae, and Yoshino, three scientists transformed the battery's negative electrode materials from the traditional lively lithium to coke to overcome the overcome The unstable defects of lithium batteries. The carbon -theme research project has won the Nobel Prize five times, the most awards among all elements.

That is to say, many scientific research Daniel likes to take carbon and make articles

(Test the stretching strength of carbon fiber, Figure: one picture network)

Carbon elements not only got the podium, but also got daily life. Biological activated carbon used to improve the soil, carbon fiber used in competitive sports, glass carbon that can make electrodes, carbon nanotimal materials in food additive electrochemical detection technology, and Fullene solar cells, etc. All aspects.

From daily life to scientific research technology, carbon is everywhere (Figure: wiki)

In addition to penetrating from the outside to human society, carbon has also continuously transformed our bodies from the inside. Whether it is protein that maintains material transportation and metabolism in the body, sugar that guarantees energy required for life activities, or DNAs that guide biological development and life function, carbon elements are indispensable as the basic architecture. These carbon compounds are used as the basic carbon chain to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of the life body.

Carbon generally exists in our bodies, as well as various organisms

Da Ruo Kunpeng, Xiao Ruojiao, it is better to be (Figure: one picture network)

Although in some science fiction works, silicon -based creatures have always been a hot topic, but no evidence of silicon -based creatures has been found. The earth is still managed by carbon -based biological based on carbon elements, and humans are also one of them. It can be said that if there is no carbon, human civilization will not exist.

Carbon elements constitute a life framework and maintain the operation of life, and also ensure the normal operation of the blue planet in a carbon cycle. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was absorbed by plants in land and ocean, and then returned to the atmosphere through geology, biology and human activities, and returned to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide to form a carbon cycle.

Reproduction, endless life

In the carbon cycle, carbon is continuously exchanged in biospheres, rock rings, water rings, soil rings, and atmospheric circles, and reciprocate with the earth's circulation, which ultimately affects the global climate. With the continuous advancement of industrialization, "carbon -based biological" humans play an increasingly important role in the global carbon cycle.

When carbon -based creatures meet the "carbon reduction master"

After entering the industrial era, people began to use fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. While the combustion of fossil fuel is convenient for our daily lives, it also makes the accumulation of billions of years of carbon in the strata released in a short period of time, affecting the global climate. Data show that in the past 150 years, the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has risen from 280 PPM to 400 ppm, and the global average temperature has also increased by about 0.7 ° C.

As an important reason that affects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, carbon cycles composed of two processes, which are two processes of carbon fixation and carbon release, have become a hot topic of global climate change research. Among them, how to promote carbon fixation and reduce carbon release to achieve carbon balance is the core problem in the carbon cycle.

How to take this step is also the key to achieving carbon balance

(Figure: shutterstock)

With the proposal and advancement of the "double carbon" goals, sustainable development has become a highlight of social and economic development. In the context of sustainable development, how can companies carry the "carbon reduction" banner?

As a sustainable influential company, it is not enough to have carbon reduction only in themselves. It is king to let more people participate.

It is hoped that to get more professional and helpful companies on the road to reducing carbon reduction, they can conduct business consultation through the questionnaire.Together with the partners who are eager to develop green development throughout the ecosystem, explore the road of carbon reduction development together."Empower everyone to maximize the use of energy and resources to promote the common development of human progress and sustainable common development."Insight in sustainable development, "reducing carbon reduction" and finding balance in improving energy efficiency and green low -carbon.It will grow into a "carbon reduction master" in the double carbon era with enterprises, organizations and individuals with a common sense of carbon reduction.

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