tragedy!The more "alternatives" they, the easier they are extinct

Text ｜ Xu Rui

Himalaya Wushu Source: Ephotocorp/Alamy

The earth may disappear every year. One published on July 21 in "Contemporary Biology" on the independent study of birds to conclude that the most disappearing on the planet is those birds with unique and irreplaceable functions in the ecosystem, such as the iconic beak with the iconic beak The giant mouthbird, it can eat too large fruits for other birds in South American rain forests and spread their seeds, as well as vrser, 鹮, and other animals with unique body characteristics. Their extinction will make the bird world homogeneous.

The maintenance of the ecosystem depends on different creatures that play various characters. For example, in birds, some birds eat and spread seeds, while others can help recycling residue. These birds often have unique physical characteristics and help them complete the above tasks. For example, long and pointed beaks can help vulture to tear meat, and "long legs" keep the wading birds dry.

"Once the birds are homogeneous, they will lose a lot of original ecological functions," said Jedediah Brodie, a Mongolian -Chan -Chan -Chan -Chan -Chan -Chan -Chan academicist.

In order to evaluate whether birds with certain characteristics are disappearing, Emma Hughes, a Ph.D. in Shefield University in the United Kingdom, has spent several years measured the size and shape of nearly 8,500 museums in the world, the length of the lower limbs and wings, and the size of the body.

She cooperates with Sheffield University to protect biologists David Edwards and macro ecologist Gavin Thomas to use statistical analysis technology to draw similarity and differences between bird species according to the above characteristics. For example, the "different species" such as the heights of the same similarity, as well as the Daison Master, Hummingbird, and a long and curved beak.

Then, the researchers referred to the Red List of the Endangered Species of the World Nature Protection Alliance, and they were eliminated from the most likely extinct birds. The above chart range was reduced, and the most serious species that were threatened were the most unique in terms of body shape and ecosystem function.

As researchers gradually exclude birds from the most threatened species to the least threatened species, giant mouthbirds, rhino birds, hummingbirds, and other unique species have gradually disappeared, and birds with high concentration of similarity, such as such as highly concentratedly concentratedly concentrated, such as, such as birds, such as birds, such as birds, such as birds, such as birds, such as birds, such as birds. Birds and storing birds still exist.

In order to determine the area where the above trend is the most serious, Hughes and others analyzed the situation of 14 major habitats or biological communities, and found that the homogeneity of species will affect the 12 major habitats, among which the flood -flooded grassland will be flooded. And tropical forests are the most affected. In addition, the "most threatened" areas include southern Vietnam, Cambodia, Himalayas, and the Hawaii Islands in the United States.

"In some cases, no other creatures can replace these species and play their unique ecological effects," Brodie said.

At the same time, the study of the study led by the macro ecologist Alke Voskamp, ​​a macro ecologist at the Senkeberg Biological Diversity and Climate Research Center in Germany. Variety. In order to cope with climate change, as species gather to cold areas, their communities will become more similar.

The research team draws the current activity range of 9,882 birds compiled by the International Bird League. They then applied the global climate model prediction that by 2080, where the appropriate habitats of these species would be. Finally, researchers analyze how the changes in habitat distribution will affect the composition of bird community.

"Such a" relocation "has carried out many reorganizations of birds." Voskamp said.

Studies have found that tropical and subtropical regions may lose most species because they are either extinct or change the scope of activity. The Voskamp team published a paper in the British "Royal Society Journal B" on July 20 that a few species moved in, and most of the species reserved were closely related to each other, and the survival characteristics became more similar in this case.

The above studies predicted a more uniform bird world. This is not only a tragedy for the bird watching, but also a heavy blow to the ecosystem.

Related thesis information:

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.20222.06.018

https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2184

"China Science News" (2022-07-25 The 2nd edition of the original title "The Most Unique Birds Most Evailability")

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